I-light-emitting diode (i-LED) ngumthombo wokukhanya we-semiconductor okhokelayo ezimbini. Yi-pn-junction diode, ekhupha ukukhanya xa ivuliwe.
Ziluncedo kakhulu kwiibhentshi zokusebenza, iiprojekthi zokwakha izibane, kwaye ngokuthe ngqo kwizixhobo zombane kuba zisebenzisa amandla amancinci kwaye zikhupha umthombo wokukhanya oqinileyo kunye nozinzile.
Yiloo nto uyifunayo xa ulayita iprojekthi, ukukhanya okungadayiyo kwaye kunokuxhaswa ngokulula, ukusuka kwibhetri okanye isixhobo ngokwaso.
Xa i-voltage efanelekileyo isetyenziswe kwiikhokelo, ii-electron zinokuphinda zihlangane kunye nemingxuma ye-electron ngaphakathi kwesixhobo, ikhuphe amandla ngendlela yeefotoni.
Esi siphumo sibizwa ngokuba yi-electroluminescence, kunye nombala wokukhanya (ohambelana namandla e-photon) unqunywe yi-gap band yamandla ye-semiconductor.
I-LED idla ngokuba ncinane ngokommandla (ngaphantsi kwe-1 mm2) kwaye izinto ezidityanisiweyo ze-optical zingasetyenziselwa ukubumba ipateni yayo yemitha.
Ibonakala njengezixhobo ze-elektroniki ezisebenzayo ngo-1962, ii-LED zokuqala zakhupha ukukhanya okuphantsi kwe-infrared.
Ii-LED ze-infrared zisasetyenziswa rhoqo njengezinto zokuhambisa kwiisekethe zolawulo olukude, ezifana nezo zilawulwa kude kwiintlobo ezininzi ze-elektroniki zabathengi.
Ii-LED zokuqala ezibonakalayo ezikhanyayo nazo zazinobunzulu obuphantsi, kwaye zikhawulelwe kubomvu. Ii-LED zanamhlanje ziyafumaneka kuwo wonke umgama obonakalayo, i-ultraviolet, kunye ne-infrared wavelengths, ngokukhanya okuphezulu kakhulu.
Ii-LED zangaphambili zazihlala zisetyenziswa njengezibane zesalathisi zezixhobo zombane, ezithatha indawo ye-incandescent bulbs ezincinci.
Kungekudala zapakishwa kukufundwa kwamanani ngendlela yokubonisa amacandelo asixhenxe, kwaye ayeqhele ukubonwa kwiiwotshi zedijithali.
Uphuhliso lwakutsha nje kwii-LED luvumela ukuba zisetyenziswe kwindawo engqongileyo kunye nokukhanya komsebenzi.
Ii-LED zineenzuzo ezininzi kwimithombo yokukhanya ye-incandescent kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, ixesha elide lokuphila, ukuphuculwa kokuqina komzimba, ubungakanani obuncinci, kunye nokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza.
Iidiode ezikhupha ukukhanya ngoku zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nezibane zenqwelomoya, izibane zemoto, iintengiso, izibane ngokubanzi, iimpawu zendlela, kunye nokukhanya kwekhamera.
Nangona kunjalo, ii-LED ezinamandla ngokwaneleyo ekukhanyeni kwegumbi zisabiza kakhulu, kwaye zifuna ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwangoku kunye nobushushu kunemithombo yesibane edibeneyo ye-fluorescent yemveliso efanayo.
Ii-LED zivumele isicatshulwa esitsha, iziboniso zevidiyo, kunye nezinzwa ukuba ziphuhliswe, ngelixa izinga labo eliphezulu lokutshintsha likwaluncedo kwi-teknoloji yonxibelelwano oluphambili.
NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weZixhobo zeGqirha, umthengisi womxholo, kunye notata. Ndiyathanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha, kwaye kunye neqela lam ndiye ndenza amanqaku ebhlog anzulu ukusukela ngo-2016 ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngezixhobo kunye neengcebiso zokwenza.
