IMagnetic: IsiKhokelo esiGqibeleleyo kuMmandla weMagnetic kunye nemimandla

I-Magnetism ludidi lweziganeko ezibonakalayo ezilawulwa yimagnethi. Imisinga yombane kunye namaxesha emagnethi asisiseko amasuntswana asisiseko avelisa umhlaba wemagnethi, osebenza kwezinye iimisinga kunye nemizuzu yemagnethi.

Zonke izinto eziphathekayo ziphenjelelwa kwinqanaba elithile yintsimi yamagnetic. Esona siphumo siqhelekileyo sikwimagnethi esisigxina, enexesha elizingileyo lemagnethi elibangelwa yiferromagnetism.

Amandla oMmandla weMagnetic

Amandla emagnethi ngamandla asetyenziswa kwisuntswana elihlawulweyo elihamba kumhlaba wemagnethi. Ngamandla axhomekeke kwisantya se-particle ehlawulweyo kunye ne-magnetic field. La mandla achazwa yi-Lorentz force equation, echaza ukuba amandla (F) asebenza kwintlawulo (q) ehamba ngesantya (v) kwindawo yamagnetic (B) inikezwa yi-equation F = qvBsinθ, apho θ yi-engile phakathi kwesantya sentlawulo kunye nomhlaba wemagnethi.

IMagnetic Force inxulumana njani noMbane wangoku?

Amandla emagnethi anxulumene ngokusondeleyo nombane. Xa umsinga wombane uhamba ngocingo, udala umhlaba wemagnethi ojikeleze ucingo. Lo mmandla wemagnethi unokusebenzisa amandla kwezinye izinto xa kukho. Ubukhulu kunye nesikhokelo samandla sixhomekeke kumandla kunye necala lemagnethi.

Ziziphi izinto eziPhenjelelwa yiMagnetic Force?

Amandla emagnethi anokuchaphazela inani elikhulu lezinto, kubandakanya:

• Izinto zemagneti ezifana nentsimbi, intsimbi kunye nenickel
• Ukuqhuba izinto ezifana nobhedu kunye ne-aluminium
• Ii-electron eziphathwayo kwi-conductor
• Amasuntswana ahlawuliweyo kwiplasma

Imizekelo yeMagnetic Force in Action

Eminye imizekelo yamandla kazibuthe esebenzayo ibandakanya:

• Iimagnethi ziyatsalana okanye ziyagxothana
• Izincamathelisi ezincamathela efrijini okanye emnyango kuba zifakelwe umazibuthe
• Intonga yentsimbi itsalwa isiya kwimagnethi eyomeleleyo
• Ucingo oluthwele umsinga wombane luphambukiswa kumhlaba wemagnethi
• Ukushukuma okuzingileyo kwenaliti yekhampasi ngenxa yemagnethi yomhlaba

Ichazwa njani iMagnetic Force?

Amandla emagnethi achazwa kusetyenziswa iiyunithi zenewtons (N) kunye neeteslas (T). I-tesla yiyunithi yamandla omhlaba wemagnethi, kwaye ichazwa njengamandla asebenza kucingo oluthwele umsinga we-ampere enye ebekwe kumhlaba ofanayo wemagnethi enye. Amandla kazibuthe asebenza entweni alingana nemveliso yamandla ombane kunye nentlawulo yento.

Loluphi uhlobo lweMimandla eNxulunyaniswe neMagnetic Force?

Amandla emagnethi anxulumene nemimandla ye-electromagnetic. Intsimi ye-electromagnetic luhlobo lwentsimi eyenziwe kubukho beentlawulo zombane kunye nemisinga. Ummandla wemagnethi licandelo elinye lentsimi ye-electromagnetic, kwaye udalwa kukushukuma kweentlawulo zombane.

Ngaba Zonke Izinto Zifumana amandla eMagnetic?

Ayizizo zonke izinto ezifumana amandla emagnethi. Kuphela izinto ezinexabiso le-net okanye eziphethe umsinga wombane ziya kufumana amandla ombane. Izinto ezingenayo intlawulo kwaye zingathwali umsinga wombane aziyi kufumana amandla ombane.

Yintoni uBudlelwane phakathi kweMagnetic Force kunye neMimandla yokuQhuba?

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Xa umphezulu wokuqhuba ubekwe kwindawo yamagnetic, ii-electron ezikumphezulu ziya kuba namandla ngenxa yemagnethi. La mandla aya kubangela ukuba ii-electron zihambe, eziza kudala i-current in the surface. Intando yangoku, ngokulandelayo, idale i-magnetic field eya kusebenzisana ne-original magnetic field, ibangela ukuba umhlaba ufumane amandla.

Yintoni uBudlelwane phakathi kweMagnetic Force kunye nobukhulu besantya seNto?

Amandla kazibuthe asebenza entweni alingana nobukhulu besantya sento. Okukhona into ihamba ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona amandla ombane aya kuba namandla.

Imbali enika umdla yeemagnethi

• Igama elithi “umazibuthe” lisuka kwelesiLatini elithi “magnes,” elibhekisela kuhlobo olukhethekileyo lwelitye elafunyanwa eTurkey kwiNtaba yeIda.
• AmaTshayina amandulo afumanisa amatye okuhlala, angamagnethi endalo enziwe nge-iron oxide, ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-2,000 eyadlulayo.
• Isazinzulu esiliNgesi uWilliam Gilbert waqinisekisa oko kuye kwaphawulwa ngaphambili malunga neempawu zemagnethi ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-16, kuquka ubukho beepali zemagnethi.
• Isazinzulu saseDatshi uChristian Oersted wafumanisa ubudlelwane phakathi kombane kunye nemagnethi ngo-1820.
• Ingcali yefiziksi yaseFransi u-Andre Ampere wandise umsebenzi ka-Oersted, efunda ubudlelwane phakathi kombane kunye nemagnethi kunye nokuphuhlisa ingcamango yemagnethi.

Uphuhliso lweeMagethi eziSisigxina

• Kwiminyaka yokuqala yemagnethi, abaphandi babenomdla wokuvelisa iimagnethi ezinamandla kwaye ezinamandla ngakumbi.
• Ngeminyaka yee-1930, abaphandi baseSumitomo benza i-alloy yentsimbi, i-aluminiyam, kunye ne-nickel eyenza i-magnet ene-energy ephezulu kunayo nayiphi na into yangaphambili.
• Ngeminyaka yoo-1980, abaphandi kwi-Academy of Sciences eMoscow bazisa uhlobo olutsha lwemagnethi eyenziwe kwikhompawundi ye-neodymium, intsimbi, kunye ne-boron (NdFeB), eyona nto inamandla umazibuthe ekhoyo namhlanje.
• Iimagnethi zale mihla zinokuvelisa amandla emagnethi afikelela kwi-52 mega-Gauss-oersteds (MGOe), enkulu kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa ne-0.5 MGOe eveliswe ngamatye okuhlala.

Indima yeemagnethi kwiMveliso yaMandla

• Iimagnethi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni umbane, ingakumbi kwimveliso yamandla aphuma kwiiinjini zomoya kunye namadama ombane aphehlwa ngamanzi.
• Iimagnethi zikwasetyenziswa kwiinjini zombane, ezifumaneka kuyo yonke into ukusuka kwiimoto ukuya kwizinto zasekhaya.
• Umdla kwiimagnethi uvela ekukwazini kwabo ukuvelisa indawo yamagnetic, enokusetyenziswa ukuvelisa amandla ombane.

Ikamva leMazibuthe

• Oosonzululwazi bafunda imathiriyeli emitsha kunye nophuhliso lwemagnethi, kubandakanywa ukusetyenziswa kwesinyithi somhlaba esinqabileyo kunye nealloys.
• Umazibuthe we-neo luhlobo olutsha lwemagnethi olunamandla kunawo nawuphi na umazibuthe wangaphambili kwaye unamandla okuguqula intsimi yemagnethi.
• Njengoko ukuqonda kwethu oomazibuthe kuqhubeka ukwanda, baya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kuluntu oluhambele phambili kwezobuchwepheshe.

Ukuphonononga ihlabathi elinomdla leMagnetism

IMagnetism yipropathi enayo imathiriyeli ethile, ebavumela ukuba batsale okanye bagxothe ezinye izinto. Iindidi zemagneti ziquka:

• I-Diamagnetism: Olu hlobo lozibuthe lukhona kuzo zonke izixhobo kwaye lubangelwa kukushukuma kwee-electron kwizinto eziphathekayo. Xa into ifakwe kwintsimi yamagnetic, i-electrons kwizinto eziphathekayo ziya kuvelisa umbane ochasene nombane. Oku kubangela umphumo obuthathaka wokugxotha, oqhelekileyo ungabonakali.

• I-Paramagnetism: Olu hlobo lwemagneti lukhona kuzo zonke izixhobo, kodwa lubuthathaka kakhulu kune-diamagnetism. Kwizinto eziphathekayo zeparamagnetic, umzuzu wamagnetic we-electrons awuhambelani, kodwa unokulungelelaniswa nentsimi yangaphandle yamagnetic. Oku kubangela ukuba izinto eziphathekayo zitsalwe ngokubuthathaka kwi-magnetic field.

• I-Ferromagnetism: Olu hlobo lwamagnetic lolona luqhelekileyo kwaye yinto abantu abaninzi abacinga ngayo xa besiva igama elithi "magnet." Iimathiriyeli zeFerromagnetic zitsalwa ngamandla kumagnethi kwaye zinokugcina iipropathi zazo zemagneti nasemva kokuba intsimi yangaphandle isusiwe. Oku kungenxa yokuba imizuzwana yamagnetic yee-electron kwizinto eziphathekayo zilungelelaniswa kwicala elifanayo, ukuvelisa indawo enamandla yamagnetic.

Inzululwazi emva kweMagnetism

I-Magnetism iveliswa ngokushukunyiswa kweentlawulo zombane, ezifana nee-electron, kwizinto eziphathekayo. Ummandla wemagnethi oveliswa zezi ntlawulo unokuchazwa njengeseti yemigca eyenza umhlaba wemagnethi. Amandla ommandla wemagnethi ayahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinani leentlawulo ezikhoyo kunye nenqanaba apho zilungelelaniswe khona.

Ubume bezinto eziphathekayo nazo zidlala indima kwiimpawu zayo zamagnetic. Kwiimathiriyeli ze-ferromagnetic, umzekelo, umzuzu wamagnetic weemolekyuli zilungelelaniswa kwicala elifanayo, ukuvelisa indawo enamandla yamagnetic. Kwimathiriyeli ye-diamagnetic, amaxesha kazibuthe ajongwe ngokungacwangciswanga, okukhokelela kwisiphumo esibuthathaka sokurhoxa.

Ukubaluleka kokuqonda iMagnetism

I-Magnetism yipropathi ebalulekileyo yento enemisebenzi emininzi ebonakalayo. Ezinye zeendlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo umazibuthe ziquka:

• Iinjini zombane kunye neejenereyitha: Ezi zixhobo zisebenzisa imagnethi ukuvelisa intshukumo okanye ukuvelisa umbane.

• Ugcino lwemagnethi: Imimandla yemagnethi isetyenziselwa ukugcina idata kwiihard drives kunye nezinye iintlobo zogcino lwemagnethi.

• Imifanekiso yezonyango: Imagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) isebenzisa imagnethi ukuvelisa imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zomzimba.

• I-Magnetic levitation: Imimandla yemagnethi ingasetyenziselwa ukukhupha izinto, ezisetyenziselwa ukuthutha kunye nokuveliswa.

Ukuqonda i-magnetism kubalulekile kwizazinzulu kunye neenjineli ezisebenza ngezinto. Ngokuqonda iipropathi zamagnetic zento, banokuyila izixhobo ezineempawu ezithile zamagnetic kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.

Ukuphonononga iMagnetic Fields kwiMathiriyeli

Amandla ommandla wemagnethi achazwa kwiiyunithi ze-ampere ngemitha (A/m). Ubukhulu bemagnethi bunxulumene noxinaniso lwemagnethi eguquguqukayo, inani lemigca yemagnethi edlula kwindawo ethile. Isalathiso sommandla wamagnetic sichazwa yi-vector, ekhomba kwicala lamandla kazibuthe kwintlawulo efanelekileyo ehamba kwintsimi.

Indima yabaKhokeli kwiMimandla yeMagnetic

Izinto eziqhuba umbane, ezifana nobhedu okanye i-aluminiyam, zinokuchatshazelwa yimagnethi. Xa umbane wombane uhamba nge-conductor, intsimi yamagnetic iveliswa e-perpendicular ukuya kwicala lokuhamba kwangoku. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba ngumthetho wesandla sokunene, apho isithupha sikhomba kwicala lokuhamba kwangoku, kunye neminwe igobile kwicala lemagnethi.

Iindidi eziZodwa zeMathiriyeli yeMagnetic

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zezixhobo zombane: i-ferromagnetic kunye neparamagnetic. Izixhobo ze-Ferromagnetic, ezifana nentsimbi, i-nickel, kunye ne-cobalt, zinendawo eyomeleleyo yamagnetic kwaye zinokusebenza ngemagnethi. Iimathiriyeli zeParamagnetic, ezifana ne-aluminiyam kunye neplatinam, zinendawo enemagnethi ebuthathaka kwaye ayizibuthe lula.

I-Electromagnetic: Isixhobo esinamandla esiqhutywa nguMbane

I-electromagnetic luhlobo lwemagnethi eyenziwe ngokuqhuba umsinga wombane ngocingo. Olu cingo ludla ngokubhijelwa kumbindi owenziwe ngentsimbi okanye enye imathiriyeli yamagnetic. Umgaqo osemva kwe-electromagnetic kukuba xa umsinga wombane uhamba ngocingo, udala indawo yamagnetic ejikeleze ucingo. Ngokufaka ucingo kwi-coil, intsimi yamagnetic iyomelezwa, kwaye i-magnet ebangelwayo inamandla kakhulu kunozibuthe osisigxina.

Zilawulwa njani ii-Electromagnets?

Amandla ombane we-electromagnetic anokulawulwa ngokulula ngokuguqula umthamo wombane ohamba kuwo. Ngokunyusa okanye ukunciphisa inani langoku, intsimi yamagnetic inokuba buthathaka okanye iqiniswe. Iipali ze-electromagnetic zisenokude zijikwe ngokubuyisela umva ukuhamba kombane. Oku kwenza ukuba i-electromagnets ibe luncedo kakhulu kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo.

Ngawaphi amanye aMalingo oLonwabo ngee-Electromagnets?

Ukuba unomdla kwisayensi emva kwee-electromagnets, zininzi iimvavanyo ezonwabileyo onokuzizama ekhaya. Nazi iimbono ezimbalwa:

• Yenza i-electromagnetic elula ngokusongela ucingo kwi-nail kwaye uyidibanise nebhetri. Jonga ukuba zingaphi iiclips onokuthi uzichole nge-electromagnetic yakho.
• Yakha i-motor elula usebenzisa i-electromagnetic kunye nebhetri. Ngokucofa i-polarity yebhetri, unokwenza ukuba imotor ijikeleze kwelinye icala.
• Sebenzisa umazibuthe we-electromagnetic ukwenza ijenereyitha elula. Ngokujikeleza i-coil yocingo ngaphakathi kwendawo yamagnetic, unokuvelisa umbane omncinci.

Ngokubanzi, ubukho bee-electromagnets buluncedo kwinto yokuba inokulawulwa lula ngumbane, iyenza ibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwizixhobo ezininzi kunye nokusetyenziswa.

I-Magnetic Dipoles: Iibhloko zokwakha zeMagnetism

I-Magnetic dipoles zizinto ezisisiseko zokwakha imagnetism. Ziyeyona yunithi incinci yemagnethi kwaye yenziwe ngoomazibuthe abancinci ababizwa ngokuba zii-electron. Ezi electron zikhona kwiimolekyuli zezinto eziphathekayo kwaye zinamandla okudala intsimi yamagnetic. I-dipole yemagnethi yi-loop yangoku nje eyenziwe ngeentlawulo ezilungileyo nezingalunganga.

Umsebenzi weMagnetic Dipoles

I-dipoles yamagnetic idlala indima esebenzayo kwisakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi weekhompawundi ezininzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo zikhona kucingo oluqhelekileyo kunye nesekethe, kwaye ubukho babo buhambelana ngqo namandla ombane. Amandla ombane wamagnetic anikezelwa ngummandla welophu kunye nokuhamba kwangoku kuyo.

Ukubaluleka kweeDipole zeMagnetic kwiNzululwazi yezoNyango

I-Magnetic dipoles ibaluleke kakhulu kwisayensi yezonyango. Zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iimagnethi ezincinci ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ukuxilonga kunye nokunyanga iimeko ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-dipoles magnetic kwisayensi yezonyango kuthiwa yi-imaging resonance magnetic (MRI). I-MRI yindlela yonyango ephilileyo nekhuselekileyo esebenzisa i-dipoles magnetic ukwenza imifanekiso yangaphakathi emzimbeni.

isiphelo

Ngoko ke, imagnethi ithetha into etsala okanye egxotha umazibuthe. Ngamandla anxulumene nombane kunye nemagnethi. Ungayisebenzisa ukubamba izinto efrijini okanye wenze ikhampasi ibhekise emantla. Ngoko, musa ukoyika ukuyisebenzisa! Akukho nzima njengoko kubonakala. Khumbula nje imithetho kwaye uya kulunga.

NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weZixhobo zeGqirha, umthengisi womxholo, kunye notata. Ndiyathanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha, kwaye kunye neqela lam ndiye ndenza amanqaku ebhlog anzulu ukusukela ngo-2016 ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngezixhobo kunye neengcebiso zokwenza.