I-scaffolding 101: Yintoni kwaye isebenza njani?

I-scaffolding sisakhiwo sexeshana esisetyenziselwa ukuxhasa abasebenzi kunye nezixhobo eziphakamileyo ngexesha lokwakha, ukugcinwa, kunye neminye imisebenzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe nge-aluminiyam okanye intsimbi kwaye inokudityaniswa ngokukhawuleza kwisiza.

Kweli nqaku, ndiza kubonelela ngesishwankathelo se-scaffolding kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo.

Ukuqonda ubuchwephesha be-Scaffolding

I-scaffolding sisakhiwo sexeshana esisetyenziselwa umsebenzi wokwakha ukuxhasa abasebenzi, izixhobo kunye nezixhobo eziphakamileyo. Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukwakha kunye nokulungisa izakhiwo, iibhulorho, iinqaba kunye nezinye izakhiwo. I-scaffolding yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yomsebenzi wokwakha, kwaye ifuna ulwazi lobugcisa ukuseta nokusebenzisa.

Iintlobo ze-scaffolding

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-scaffolding, kwaye ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomsebenzi ofunekayo. Ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo ze-scaffolding zezi:

• I-Scaffolding enye: Olu hlobo lwesikafula lukwabizwa ngokuba yi-scaffolding yesitena. Ikakhulu isetyenziselwa umsebenzi wokwakhiwa kwamatye kwaye imiselwe kufutshane nomgangatho womhlaba wesakhiwo.

• I-scaffolding ephindwe kabini: Olu hlobo lwesikafula lukwabizwa ngokuba yi-scaffolding ye-mason's scaffolding. Isetyenziselwa umsebenzi wokwakhiwa kwamatye kwaye imiswe kude kumgangatho womhlaba wesakhiwo.

• I-Scaffolding yensimbi: Olu hlobo lwe-scaffolding lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi namhlanje kwaye lwenziwe ngeetyhubhu zetsimbi. Yomelele kwaye iyakwazi ukuthwala imithwalo enzima.

• I-Cantilever Scaffolding: Olu hlobo lwe-scaffolding lusetyenziswa xa umhlaba ungakulungele ukuseta i-scaffolding. Yandiswa ukusuka kumgangatho ophezulu wesakhiwo kwaye ixhaswa ngamatyathanga okanye iintambo zocingo.

• I-Specialty Scaffolding: Olu hlobo lwe-scaffolding lusetyenziselwa umsebenzi wokwakha onzima kwaye lufuna ulwazi lobugcisa ukuseta nokusebenzisa.

Izinto ezisetyenziswa kwi-scaffolding

Ngaphambili, inkuni yayiyeyona nto isetyenziswayo kwi-scaffolding. Nangona kunjalo, ngokufika kwentsimbi, i-scaffolding yentsimbi yasetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Namhlanje, i-scaffolding yenziwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomsebenzi ofunekayo. Izinto ezisetyenziswa kwi-scaffolding ziquka:

• Ukhuni: Isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwi-scaffolding enye.

• Intsimbi: Isetyenziselwa ukwenza isikafula sentsimbi.

• Ialuminiyam: Isetyenziselwa isikafula esikhaphukhaphu.

• Inayiloni: Isetyenziselwa iinjongo zokhuseleko.

Amanyathelo okhuseleko

I-scaffolding ngumsebenzi oyingozi, kwaye amanyathelo okhuseleko ayafuneka ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi. Amanyathelo okhuseleko abandakanya:

• Ukusebenzisa amabhanti okhuseleko kunye neentambo zokubopha.

• Ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-scaffolding imiselwe ngokuchanekileyo.

• Ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zomsebenzi.

• Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwe-scaffolding.

• Ukulandela izikhokelo zokhuseleko.

I-Aesthetics kunye neSikali

Ngaphandle kokuba sisakhiwo sobugcisa, i-scaffolding ingasetyenziselwa iinjongo zobuhle. Kwezinye izixeko, i-scaffolding ixhotyiswe ngabalandeli kwaye icwangciswe ngendlela efana ne-fan ukwenza umphumo wobuhle. I-scaffolding ingasetyenziselwa ukutshintsha isikali sesakhiwo, sisenze sibonakale sibaluleke kakhulu okanye sincinci kunokuba sinjalo.

Ukuzivelela koLwakhiwo lweScaffolding

Kungekudala, iinxalenye ezisemgangathweni kunye neenkqubo zalandelwa, kwaye ishishini lafumana isixhobo esinelungelo elilodwa lomenzi esibizwa ngokuba yi-Scaffixer, esigunyaziswe yiBerlin Foundry Ltd. Esi sixhobo siphucule inkqubo yokudibanisa kwaye safumana ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Iqhina liphinde laphuculwa, kwaye kwaqaliswa ukubopha kwamanzi, okwaphucula ukuzinza kwe-scaffold.

I-Scaffolding yanamhlanje

Namhlanje, i-scaffolding lishishini elisemgangathweni nelilawulwayo, elinemigangatho engqongqo yokhuseleko kunye nezenzo ezikhoyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zanamhlanje kunye nobuchwepheshe buphucule ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo, kunye nokusetyenziswa koyilo oluncediswa yikhompyutheni kunye nokuphuhliswa kwezinto ezintsha ezifana ne-aluminium kunye nezixhobo ezidibeneyo.

I-Anatomy yeScaffolding Structure

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I-Ledgers kunye ne-transoms zizinto ezinqamlekileyo ezidibanisa imigangatho kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso kunye nokuzinza kwisakhiwo. Ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe ngentsimbi kwaye ziza kuluhlu lobude ukuze zihambelane nobubanzi besakhiwo.

Indlela iileji kunye neetransoms ezidityaniswe ngayo kwimigangatho ibalulekile ekusebenzeni ngokubanzi kwesakhiwo se-scaffolding. Oku kwenziwa ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa izikhonkwane ezifakwe kwimigangatho kwi-engile ukuthintela ukuba ziphume.

Indima yeeTransoms eziPhakathi kunye neeBrackets eziZimayo kwiScaffolding Structure

Ii-transoms eziphakathi zisetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngenkxaso eyongezelelweyo kwisakhiwo kwaye zibekwe phakathi kwee-ledgers. Ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe ngentsimbi kwaye ziza kuluhlu lobude ukuze zihambelane nobubanzi besakhiwo.

Izibiyeli ezimileyo zisetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngenkxaso eyongezelelweyo kwisakhiwo xa sibekwe ngokuchasene nesakhiwo okanye esinye isakhiwo. Ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe ngentsimbi kwaye ziza kuluhlu lweesayizi ukuze zihambelane neemfuno ezithile zesakhiwo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwee-transoms eziphakathi kunye nezibiyeli zokumisa zivumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu ekuyilweni kwesakhiwo se-scaffolding kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso eyongezelelweyo kwimithwalo enzima okanye ubude obufutshane bokusebenza.

IiNzuzo zokuSebenzisa aMalunga eScaffolding eNtsimbi

Intsimbi ithathwa ngokubanzi njengeyona mathiriyeli igqwesileyo kumacandelo e-scaffolding ngenxa yokomelela kwayo, ukuqina, kunye nokukwazi ukuthwala imithwalo enzima. Amalungu esikafula sentsimbi nawo alula kwaye kulula ukuwaphatha kunezixhobo zomthi, nto leyo ezenza zibe lukhetho oludumileyo kwiiprojekthi zokwakha.

Ukongezelela, amacandelo entsimbi ye-scaffolding anika enye indlela efanelekileyo kumacandelo eplanga njengoko engakwazi ukubola, umonakalo wezinambuzane, kunye nezinye iingozi ezinokubeka engozini ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-scaffolds ezifumanekayo

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeescaffolds ezikhoyo, nganye ilungiselelwe ukuhambelana neemfuno kunye neemfuno. Ezinye zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo ze-scaffolds ziquka:

• I-scaffolding enye: Ikwaziwa njenge-scaffolding of bricklayer's, olu hlobo lwesikafula luqhele ukusetyenziselwa izakhiwo ezibanzi kunokuba ziphezulu.
• I-scaffolding ephindwe kabini: Ikwaziwa njenge-scaffolding ye-mason, olu hlobo lwesikafula luqhele ukusetyenziselwa izakhiwo ezingaphezulu kunobubanzi.
• I-Cantilever scaffolding: Olu hlobo lwe-scaffold lusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo xa kungenakwenzeka ukubeka imigangatho ngqo phantsi kwendawo yokusebenza.
• Isikafula sentsimbi: Olu hlobo lwesikafula luqhele ukusetyenziselwa iiprojekthi zokwakha ezifuna iqondo eliphezulu lamandla kunye nokuqina.
• I-scaffolding ekhethekileyo: Olu hlobo lwe-scaffold luyilelwe iimfuno ezithile kunye neemfuno, ezifana ne-scaffolding yeebhulorho okanye ezinye izakhiwo ezinkulu.

Ukukhethwa kwesikafula kuxhomekeke kuluhlu lwezinto, kuquka iimfuno ezithile zeprojekthi, ubude besakhiwo, kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswayo.

I-Scaffolding eNye: Uhlobo oluSisiseko kunye noLusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuLwakhiwo

I-scaffolding enye luhlobo olusetyenziswa ngokubanzi lwe-scaffolding kwishishini lokwakha kuba kulula ukuseta kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Ikwasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kumsebenzi wokulondoloza izakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo. Ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi njengeyona nto iphambili kwi-scaffolding eyodwa yenza ukuba yomelele kwaye ikwazi ukuthwala ubunzima obukhulu. Ikwafumaneka ngokubanzi kwimarike, iyenza ibe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwiinkampani ezininzi zokwakha.

Ngawaphi aMalungu eSkafula esiNye?

Izinto eziphambili ze-scaffolding enye ziquka:

• Imigangatho: Izixhaso ezithe nkqo ezime ngokunxuseneyo nesakhiwo okanye isakhiwo.
• IiLedgers: Iinkxaso ezithe tyaba eziqhagamshela imigangatho kwi-engile ethe nkqo.
• I-Putlogs: Iityhubhu ezincinci ezinqamlezileyo ezidibanisa kwiileja kwaye zifakwe kwimingxuma kwisakhiwo okanye kwisakhiwo ukunika inkxaso.

Ngowuphi umahluko phakathi kwe-Scaffolding enye kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-scaffolding?

Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-scaffolding enye kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-scaffolding yindlela edibanisa ngayo kwisakhiwo okanye kwisakhiwo. I-scaffolding enye idityaniswe ngokuthe tye kwisakhiwo okanye kwisakhiwo, ngelixa ezinye iintlobo ze-scaffolding, ezifana ne-scaffolding ephindwe kabini, zidibaniswe ngokuthe nkqo nangaphezulu. I-scaffolding enye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizakhiwo ezimfutshane, ngelixa ezinye iintlobo ze-scaffolding zisetyenziselwa izakhiwo eziphezulu.

Ngawaphi amanyathelo okhuseleko xa usebenzisa isikafula esiNye?

Xa usebenzisa i-scaffolding enye, kubalulekile ukulungisa la manyathelo okhuseleko alandelayo:

• Qinisekisa ukuba i-scaffolding imiselwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye izinzile
• Sebenzisa imathiriyeli eyomeleleyo neyomeleleyo kwisikafula
• Gquma naziphi na iikona ezibukhali okanye iikona ngeentsimbi zokulinda
• Sebenzisa izixhobo zombane ngononophelo kwaye uqinisekise ukuba zincanyathiselwe kwi-scaffolding
• Yenza iitshekhi zokulungisa rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba isikafula sikwimeko entle

I-Scaffolding ephindwe kabini: UKhetho oluKhuselekileyo noluQiqinisiweyo kuLwakhiwo olunzima

Iindonga zamatye kunzima ukusebenza nazo kuba abasebenzi abanakugrumba kuzo. I-scaffolding ephindwe kabini sisisombululo esifanelekileyo sale ngxaki kuba inokwakhiwa kude nodonga, ibonelela ngeqonga elikhuselekileyo nelizinzileyo labasebenzi ukuba baqhube umsebenzi wabo. Amacala amabini e-scaffolding structure anika inkxaso enkulu kunye nokuzinza, okwenza kube lula ukuba abasebenzi basebenze kumanqanaba aphezulu.

Yakhiwe njani i-Scaffolding ephindwe kabini?

Ukuseta i-scaffolding ephindwe kabini kubandakanya la manyathelo alandelayo:

• Uluhlu lokuqala lwemigangatho lubekwe kumgama ukusuka eludongeni.
• Iileta zidibene nemigangatho ekuphakameni okufunwayo.
• Ii-transoms zixhunyiwe kwii-ledgers ukudala umqolo wesibini wemigangatho.
• I-putlogs ixhunyiwe kumqolo wesibini wemigangatho kwaye ibekwe phakathi kodonga kunye neqonga.
• Iqonga ke lincanyathiselwe kwi-putlogs, lidala indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo neyomeleleyo yabasebenzi.

Zeziphi iindlela zobuGcisa ezilandelwa kwi-Scaffolding ephindwe kabini?

Iindlela zobugcisa ezilandelwa kwi-scaffolding kabini ziquka:

• Ukutshixa imidibaniso: Amacandelo e-scaffolding ephindwe kabini atshixiwe kunye ukuze anike uzinzo olukhulu kunye nokhuseleko.
• Ukudibanisa okuthe tye: Iziqwenga ezithe tyaba zescaffolding eziphindwe kabini zidityaniswe kunye ukwenza iqonga elomeleleyo nelizinzileyo.
• Iimpawu zokhuseleko: I-scaffolding ephindwe kabini iquka iimpawu zokhuseleko ezifana ne-guardrails kunye ne-toeboards ukukhusela ukuwa kunye neengozi.
• Ugcino: I-scaffolding ephindwe kabini ifuna ukulungiswa rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ihlala ikhuselekile kwaye yomelele.

Yintoni uluhlu lweXabiso le-Scaffolding ephindwe kabini?

Ixabiso le-scaffolding kabini liyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinkampani kunye nohlobo lwe-scaffolding olufunekayo. Iinkampani ezinamava ezivelisa i-scaffolding ekumgangatho ophezulu ziyakuthi ngokubanzi zibize ixabiso eliphezulu kuneenkampani ezibonelela nge-scaffolding ekumgangatho ophantsi. Ixabiso le-scaffolding kabini lixhomekeke kwiimpawu ezongezelelweyo kunye neemfuno ezikhethekileyo zeprojekthi.

Ngawaphi amaGama ezinye iiNkampani eziDumileyo eziPhinda kabini zeScaffolding?

Ezinye zeenkampani ezidumileyo ze-scaffolding zibandakanya:

• Layher
• khaki
• Cuplock
• Kwikstage
• Ukukhala

Ezi nkampani ziyaziwa ngodumo lwazo olubalaseleyo kushishino lokwakha kunye nokukwazi ukuvelisa i-scaffolding ephezulu ehlangabezana neemfuno ezizodwa zeprojekthi nganye.

I-Cantilever scaffolding: Uhlobo olukhulu lwe-scaffolding yeeMfuno eziZodwa zeZakhiwo

Xa kuziwa kwi-cantilever scaffolding, ukhuseleko kunye noyilo lubaluleke kakhulu. Olu hlobo lwesikafula ngokwendalo luthwala imingcipheko eyongezelelweyo ngenxa yoyilo olwandisiweyo kunye nenyaniso yokuba ikhona. phandle yesakhiwo esiphambili. Ke ngoko, kucetyiswa ngamandla ukuba iinkampani zithathele ingqalelo oku kulandelayo:

• Imveliso yanamhlanje kunye nokuveliswa kwe-cantilever scaffolding.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezisemgangathweni ophezulu ukukhusela umonakalo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi.
• Ukubaluleka kokulandela iinkqubo zokhuseleko ezisemgangathweni kunye nezikhokelo xa usebenzisa i-cantilever scaffolding.
• Imfuno yoqeqesho olongezelelweyo lwabasebenzisi kunye nemfundo malunga nokusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo kwe-cantilever scaffolding.

Ukuthenga kunye nokusebenzisa iCantilever scaffolding

Ukuba ucinga ukusebenzisa i-cantilever scaffolding kwiprojekthi yakho yokwakha, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela oku kulandelayo:

• Iimfuno ezithile zeprojekthi yakho yokwakha kunye nokuba i-cantilever scaffolding yeyona ndlela ilungileyo kuwe.
• Ukufumaneka kwe-cantilever scaffolding kwidolophu okanye kwisixeko sakho nokuba iqhele ukusetyenziswa kwilizwe lakho.
• Ukubaluleka kokuthenga i-cantilever scaffolding kwiinkampani ezihloniphekileyo ezigxile ekuveliseni nasekuveliseni.
• Isidingo sofakelo lobuchwephesha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-cantilever scaffolding ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye nokuthintela umonakalo ongafunekiyo kwisakhiwo.

I-Scaffolding yentsimbi: Isakhiwo esomeleleyo nesikhuselekileyo soKwakha

Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba kutheni i-scaffolding yentsimbi ithathwa njengenye indlela efanelekileyo yokwakha:

• Amandla amakhulu kunye nokuqina
• Ukumelana nomlilo okuphezulu
• Kulula ukwakha kunye nokuqhaqha
• Ibonelela ngokhuseleko ngakumbi kubasebenzi
• Ingasetyenziselwa inani elithile lokusetyenziswa kulwakhiwo
• Ingasetyenziselwa ukugubungela indawo enkulu
• Ingasetyenziselwa ukudala umgangatho wokwenza umsebenzi wokwakha

Ukugcinwa kunye nokuhlolwa

Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi, i-scaffolding yensimbi idinga ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokuhlolwa. Oku kuquka:

• Ukuhlola isakhiwo phambi kokusetyenziswa ngakunye
• Ukujonga nawuphi na umonakalo okanye ukuguga kunye nokukrazula
• Ukujongana nayo nayiphi na imiba enokubangela ukuba ulwakhiwo lungazinzi
• Ukwenza ukulungiswa rhoqo ukugcina isakhiwo sikwimeko efanelekileyo

IiNzuzo ezongezelelweyo zeScaffolding yentsimbi

Ukongeza kumandla kunye nokuqina kwayo, i-scaffolding yentsimbi ibonelela ngenani leenzuzo ezongezelelweyo, ezibandakanya:

• Ukukwazi ukuxhasa ubungakanani obunzima bobunzima
• Ikhono lokusetyenziswa kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zezicwangciso zokwakha
• Ikhono lokusetyenziswa kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zokwakha, ukusuka kwisiseko ukuya ekugqibeleni
• Ikhono lokusetyenziswa kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zezakhiwo, ukusuka kwizakhiwo zamatye ukuya kuyilo lwezobugcisa zanamhlanje
• Amandla okusetyenziswa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, njengoko i-scaffolding yentsimbi ifunyenwe kulwakhiwo lwamandulo lwaseTshayina olususela kumawaka eminyaka.

I-Specialty scaffolding: Ngaphaya kweZiseko

I-Specialty scaffolding yakhelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile kunye neemfuno zomsebenzi othile wokwakha. Ezinye zeempawu ezikhethekileyo ze-scaffolding ezikhethekileyo ziquka:

• Ukudibanisa okuthe nkqo kunye nokuthe tye: I-scaffolding ekhethekileyo ihlala ixhotyiswe ngodibaniso olongezelelweyo ukuqinisekisa ulwakhiwo olulinganayo.

• amacandelo tapered: Ezinye izikafula ezikhethekileyo ziquka amacandelo tapered ukuvumela ukubekwa lula kwiindawo ezixineneyo.

• Ubude obude: I-scaffolding ekhethekileyo ihlala yakhiwe ixesha elide kune-scaffolding eqhelekileyo ukulungiselela iimfuno ezithile zomsebenzi wokwakha.

Ngaphandle kweempawu ezongezelelweyo kunye nemathiriyeli esetyenziswa kwi-scaffolding ekhethekileyo, ukhuseleko lusabaluleke kakhulu. Iinkampani kufuneka ziqinisekise ukuba i-scaffolding yazo ekhethekileyo ixhotyiswe ngeempawu zokhuseleko eziyimfuneko kwaye abasebenzisi baqeqeshwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuze bayisebenzise.

isiphelo

Ke, yindlela onokuthi usebenzise ngayo ngokukhuselekileyo isikafula kwiprojekthi yakho elandelayo yokwakha. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zomsebenzi kunye nokulandela izikhokelo zokhuseleko.

NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weZixhobo zeGqirha, umthengisi womxholo, kunye notata. Ndiyathanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha, kwaye kunye neqela lam ndiye ndenza amanqaku ebhlog anzulu ukusukela ngo-2016 ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngezixhobo kunye neengcebiso zokwenza.