Ubomi beshelufu bubude bexesha apho impahla yorhwebo inokugcinwa ngaphandle kokuba ingafanelanga ukusetyenziswa okanye ukutyiwa. Isebenza ekutyeni, kwiziselo, kumachiza axuba amayeza, kwiikhemikhali, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi ezinokonakala. Kweminye imimandla, icebiso elingcono ngaphambili, elisisinyanzelo sokusebenzisa, okanye umhla wokutsha liyafuneka ekutyeni okupakishweyo okonakalayo.
Kweli nqaku, ndiza kuchaza ukuba kuthetha ukuthini ubomi beshelufu kunye nendlela emiselwa ngayo. Kwaye, ndiza kwabelana ngeengcebiso malunga nendlela yokuyandisa.
Kule posi siza kugubungela:
Ubomi beShelufu: Ixesha loBomi leeMveliso oziThandayo
Ubomi beshelufa bubhekisa kubude bexesha apho impahla yorhwebo inokugcinwa ngaphandle kokuba ingafanelanga ukusetyenziswa, ukutyiwa, okanye ukuthengiswa. Lixesha eliphakathi kwemveliso kunye nomhla wokuphelelwa kwemveliso. Ubomi beshelufu bemveliso bunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi ezifana nohlobo lwemveliso, iimeko zokugcina, kunye nokupakishwa.
Kutheni iShelf-Life ibalulekile?
Ubomi beshelufu bubalulekile ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi, kuquka:
- Ukhuseleko: Iimveliso ezigqithise ubomi bazo kwishelufu zinokubeka umngcipheko kwimpilo kubathengi ngenxa yokukhula kweebhaktheriya ezinobungozi okanye ezinye ii-microorganisms.
- Umgangatho: Iimveliso ezigqithise kubomi bazo beshelufu zinokuphulukana nomgangatho wazo, incasa, kunye noburhabaxa, nto leyo ezenza zingathandeki kangako kubathengi.
- EzoQoqosho: Iimveliso eziye zadlula kwixesha lazo leshelufu zinokukhokelela kwilahleko yemali kubavelisi, abathengisi, kunye nabathengi.
I-Shelf-Life iMiselwe njani?
Ubomi beshelufa yemveliso bumiselwa ngovavanyo olwahlukeneyo kunye novavanyo, kubandakanywa:
- Uvavanyo lweMicrobiological: Oku kubandakanya ukuvavanyelwa imveliso yokukhula kweentsholongwane ezinje ngebhaktiriya, igwele, kunye nokungunda.
- Uvavanyo lweemvakalelo: Oku kubandakanya ukuvavanya inkangeleko yemveliso, incasa, kunye nobume bayo.
- Uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo: Oku kubandakanya ukubeka imveliso phantsi kweemeko ezigqithisileyo ezifana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokufuma ukumisela ukuzinza kwayo ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Izinto ezichaphazela iShelf-Life
Izinto ezininzi zinokuchaphazela ubomi beshelufu yemveliso, kubandakanywa:
- Ubushushu: Iimveliso kufuneka zigcinwe kwiqondo lobushushu elifanelekileyo ukuthintela ukonakaliswa kunye nokwandisa ubomi babo beshelufu.
- Ukupakishwa: Ukupakishwa ngendlela efanelekileyo kunokunceda ukukhusela imveliso ekukhanyeni, emoyeni, nakufuma, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba yonakale.
- Uhlobo lwemveliso: Iimveliso ezahlukeneyo zineeshelufu ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke ekubunjweni kwazo kunye nezithako.
Ulawulo lobushushu: Isitshixo seShelf ende-uBomi
Xa kufikwa ekugcineni iimveliso ixesha elide, ulawulo lobushushu lubalulekile. Ubushushu bokugcina obufanelekileyo bunokuthintela ukuqhekeka kwee-compounds ekudleni, okunokubangela ukukhula kweebhaktheriya kunye nezinye i-microorganisms. Oku kuphazamiseka kunokunyanzela ukuphendula kweekhemikhali ezikhawulezisa inkqubo yokuguga kwemveliso.
Bubuphi Ubushushu obufunekayo?
Ubushushu obufunekayo bokugcina iimveliso buyohluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lokutya. Umzekelo, inyama yenkomo kunye neenkukhu kufuneka zigcinwe kumaqondo obushushu abandayo ukugcina eyona shelf ubomi bazo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukutya okunye kufuna iindlela ezikhethekileyo zokugcina, ezifana nokusebenzisa i-dehydrator okanye ukususa umswakama ukukhusela ukubola.
Indlela Yokugcina Iqondo Lobushushu Elichanekileyo
Ukugcina ubushushu obuchanekileyo kubalulekile ekuthinteleni ukophuka kweekhompawundi ekutyeni. Nazi ezinye iindlela zokugcina ubushushu obuchanekileyo:
- Sebenzisa ithemometha ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubushushu buchanekile.
- Gcina ukutya kwindawo ebandayo ukukhusela ukukhula kwebhaktheriya.
- Ukupheka iimveliso kwiqondo lokushisa elifunekayo ukukhusela ukusebenza kweekhemikhali ezikhawuleza ukuguga.
- Sebenzisa ukupakishwa okukhethekileyo okwenzelwe ukugcina ubushushu obufunekayo.
Umthetho weThupha
Njengomthetho wesithupha, hlala ukhumbula ukuba iqondo lokushisa lisezantsi, ixesha elide le-shelf-life. Amaqondo obushushu abandayo acothisa ukophuka kweekhompawundi ekutyeni, nto leyo enokukhokelela kubomi obude beshelufu. Nangona kunjalo, khumbula ukuba nangona ulawulo olufanelekileyo lobushushu, ukutya ekugqibeleni kuya kuphuka kwaye kube mdala. Ngalo lonke ixesha uqaphela imihla "yokusetyenziswa" okanye "yeyona nto ibhetele ngaphambili" kwiimveliso ukuqinisekisa ukuba zisasebenziseka.
Indlela iPackage echaphazela ngayo ubomi beShelf yeeMveliso
Ukupakishwa yinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela ubomi beshelufu yeemveliso. Inoxanduva lokukhusela imveliso kwizinto zangaphandle ezinokuchaphazela umgangatho kunye nokhuseleko. Izinto zokupakisha, uyilo, kunye neemeko zokugcina zonke zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezimisela ubomi beshelufu yemveliso.
Ukubaluleka kokuPakisha ngokufanelekileyo
Ukupakishwa okufanelekileyo kunokwandisa kakhulu ubomi beshelufu yemveliso, ngelixa ukupakishwa okungafanelekanga kunokunciphisa. Ukupakishwa kufuneka kuyilelwe ukulawula ukuhanjiswa kokufuma, ioksijini, kunye nezinye iigesi ezinokuchaphazela umgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lwemveliso. Ukupakishwa kufuneka kwakhona kukwazi ukukhusela imveliso kumonakalo womzimba ngexesha lokugcinwa kunye nokuthutha.
Iindidi zokuPakisha
Zimbini iindidi zokupakishwa: ezisebenzayo kunye ne-passive. Ukupakishwa okusebenzayo kusebenzisa izixhobo ezithile kunye nobuchwepheshe ukwandisa ubomi beshelufu yemveliso. Ingabandakanya i-oxygen scavengers, i-absorbers yokufuma, kunye ne-antimicrobial agents. Ukupakishwa kwePassive, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuqulethe izinto ezingasebenziyo kunye nemveliso kodwa zibonelela ngomqobo wokukhusela kwizinto zangaphandle.
Izinto Zokupakisha
Izinto zokupakisha nazo ziyinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela ubomi beshelufu yemveliso. Izinto eziphathekayo kufuneka zikhethwe ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zemveliso, ezifana nokufuma kwayo, i-pH, kunye nomsebenzi webhayoloji. Ngokomzekelo, ukutya okunkonkxiweyo kuhlala ixesha elide ngenxa yokuba inkonkxa ibonelela ngetywina elingangeni moya elithintela ukukhula kweentsholongwane.
I-FDA kunye noBomi beShelf
I-FDA ifuna abavelisi ukuba bavavanye ubomi beshelufu yeemveliso zabo kwaye babandakanye umhla wokuphelelwa kwipakethe. Ubomi beshelufu bumiselwa ngokuqhuba iimvavanyo zesiqhelo kwimveliso ukumisela umgangatho wayo kunye nokhuseleko ekuhambeni kwexesha. I-FDA's Shelf Life Extension Programme (SLEP) ikwavumela umkhosi ukuba usebenzise amachiza asele ephelelwe kodwa asakhuselekile kwaye ayasebenza.
Umba wokuThengisa
Ukupakishwa kwakhona kudlala indima ekuthengiseni. Uyilo lokupakisha kunye nokuleyibheli kunokuchaphazela imbono yomthengi ngomgangatho kunye nokutsha kwemveliso. Imveliso eneleyibhile enomtsalane nenika ulwazi ilindeleke ukuba ithengwe kuneleyibhile ecacileyo nengenalwazi.
isiphelo
Ngoko ke, ubomi beshelufu buthetha ubude bexesha imveliso enokugcinwa phambi kokuba ingabi sakulungela ukusetyenziswa.
Kufuneka unike ingqwalasela kumhla wokuphelelwa kunye neemeko zokugcina, kwaye ukhumbule ukuba ulawulo lobushushu lubalulekile ekwandiseni ubomi beshelufu. Ke, ungoyiki ukubuza imibuzo yakho malunga neshelufu yobomi.
NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weZixhobo zeGqirha, umthengisi womxholo, kunye notata. Ndiyathanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha, kwaye kunye neqela lam ndiye ndenza amanqaku ebhlog anzulu ukusukela ngo-2016 ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngezixhobo kunye neengcebiso zokwenza.
