Iinkuni ezithambileyo: Iimpawu, imizekelo, kunye nokuSetyenziswa

I-Softwood ngumthi ovela kwimithi ye-gymnosperm efana ne-conifers. ISoftwood ngumthombo omalunga nama-80% emveliso yamaplanga ehlabathini, kunye namaziko emveli emveliso iyindawo yeBaltic (kuquka iScandinavia neRussia), uMntla Melika kunye neTshayina.

Iinkuni ezithambileyo zilungele ukwakhiwa ngenxa yendalo yazo elula kunye nokulula ukuphatha. Ngaphezu koko, zifikeleleka ngakumbi kunemithi enzima. La maplanga ayaguquguquka kwaye anokusetyenziswa kwiinjongo ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngeentsimbi zangaphandle, iipaneli zangaphakathi, umgangatho kunye nefenitshala.

Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwe-softwoods kunye ne-hardwoods kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo, makhe sihlolisise umxholo.

I-Softwood: Inketho eNyuntlukwano kunye neDumileyo yoKwakha kunye noYilo

I-Softwood luhlobo lomthi oluvela kwimithi ye-gymnosperm, efana ne-conifers. Ichasene nomthi oqinileyo, ovela kwimithi ye-angiosperm. I-Softwoods ayinayo i-pores, ngelixa i-hardwoods ayinayo i-resin canals. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-softwoods inesakhiwo sangaphakathi esahlukileyo kunemithi enzima.

Umahluko ophambili phakathi kweenkuni eziqinileyo kunye neSoftwoods

Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweenkuni eziqinileyo kunye ne-softwoods yisakhiwo sazo sangaphakathi. I-Softwoods ayinayo i-pores, ngelixa i-hardwoods ayinayo i-resin canals. Ezinye iiyantlukwano ziquka:

• I-Softwoods idla ngokuba lula ngobunzima kunemithi enzima.
• I-Softwoods inoxinano oluphantsi kunemithi eqinile.
• Ii-Softwoods ziqhele ukufunyanwa kwaye ziyafumaneka kwisitokhwe esikhulu, nto leyo ezenza zibe lukhetho oludumileyo lolwakhiwo kunye nezixhobo zokwakha.

Iimpawu kunye neempawu zeSoftwood

ISoftwood inikezela ngoluhlu lweempawu kunye neempawu ezenza ukuba ibe yinto efanelekileyo yokwakha kunye noyilo, kubandakanya:

• I-Softwood kulula ukuyivelisa kunye nokusebenza nayo kunomthi onzima, oku kuthetha ukuba inokudalwa kwaye ibunjwe ngokukhawuleza.
• I-Softwood ilungile kulwakhiwo kunye nolwakhiwo, njengoko lukhetho oluqhelekileyo lokugubungela iphepha kunye nokubonelela ngamaplanga.
• ISoftwood lukhetho oludumileyo lwezakhiwo zokuhlala kunye nezorhwebo ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo kunye noluhlu olubanzi lweentlobo ezikhoyo.
• I-Softwood lukhetho oluhle kakhulu kwi-cladding yangaphandle nangaphakathi, njengoko ivumela ukugqitywa okungenamthungo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
• ISoftwood lolona khetho lufanelekileyo lokuphumeza iindlela zoyilo zemveli okanye zangoku ngenxa yemigca etsala amehlo kunye neebhodi ezineprofayile.

Imizekelo yeMithi yeSoftwood kunye nosetyenziso oludumileyo

Eminye imizekelo eyaziwayo yemithi ye-softwood iquka i-fir kunye ne-hemlock. ISoftwood iqhele ukusetyenziselwa:

• Udonga kunye neepaneli zesilingi, ezifana ne-VJ paneling kunye neeprofayili zamakholoni.
• I-Castelation kunye ne-batten cladding, ehambelana neendlela zoyilo zangoku kunye nemithunzi kunye nemijelo.
• Isigqubuthelo sangaphandle esisebenzayo nesingenamthungo, esixhomekeke kwinto eqhubekayo ye-softwood kwaye ivumela ukugqitywa okucocekileyo nokwangoku.
• Izixhobo zokwakha nezokwakha, njengamaplanga kunye neemveliso zokugquma ngamashiti.
• Izinketho zokumelana nomlilo, ezifana ne-softwood ephathwayo, eyona ndlela ikhethekileyo yokwakha kunye nokwakhiwa.

Nangona i-softwoods kunye ne-hardwoods zibelana ngokufana, kukho ukungafani okuphambili phakathi kweentlobo ezimbini zokhuni:

• Ubuninzi: Ii-Softwoods zihlala zincinci kunemithi enzima, ezinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwazo kwizicelo ezithile.
• Ubunzima: I-Softwoods ngokubanzi ilula ngesisindo kunemithi enzima, okwenza kube lula ukusebenza kunye nezicelo ezithile.
• Iipores: I-Softwoods ineentsimbi ezinkulu kunezokhuni ezinzima, ezinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwazo kwiimeko ezithile. Ngokomzekelo, ii-softwoods azikwazi ukumelana nomonakalo wezinambuzane kunye neemeko ezimanzi.
• IiPropati zoomatshini: Ii-Softwoods zivela kwimithi ye-gymnosperm, enoluhlu olukhulu lweenguqu ngokubhekiselele kwiipropati zabo zomatshini. I-hardwoods, kwelinye icala, ivela kwimithi ye-angiosperm, eneempawu ezihambelanayo zomatshini.

Ngokubanzi, iiplanga ezithambileyo luhlobo oluguquguqukayo noluluncedo lomthi olusetyenziswa rhoqo kulwakhiwo, ukuvelisa, kunye nokuvelisa amaphepha eempahla. Ngelixa zisenokungabi ngqingqwa okanye zibe nzima njengemithi eqinile, zibonelela ngoluhlu lweenzuzo ezibenza babe lukhetho olufanelekileyo kwizicelo ezithile.

Imithi yeSoftwood kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo

• Ipayina: Enye yezona mithi zixhaphakileyo zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ehlabathini, ipayini ngumthi oguquguqukayo olungele uluhlu olubanzi lomsebenzi wokwakha nowokwakha. Kukho inani leentlobo ezahlukeneyo zompayini ezikhoyo, kubandakanywa ipayina emhlophe kunye nepine ebomvu, nganye ineempawu zayo ezizodwa kunye neempawu.
• Ispruce: Olunye ukhetho oludumileyo lomsebenzi wokwakha, i-spruce yinkuni eyomeleleyo kwaye enzima ekwazi ukwenza kakuhle phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso, kubandakanywa iimpahla zamaphepha kunye nezakhiwo.
• Umsedare: Eyaziwa ngokuba ziinkozo eziqinileyo kunye nokugqiba okulungileyo, imisedare yinto ekhethekileyo yokuzikhethela uluhlu oluhlukeneyo loyilo kunye nomsebenzi wokwakha. Ihlala isetyenziselwa iiprojekthi zangaphandle, ezifana nokuhombisa kunye nocingo, njengoko ngokwemvelo imelana nokubola kunye nokubola.
• I-Fir: Umthi oguquguqukayo omhle, i-fir isetyenziswa rhoqo kumsebenzi wokwakha ngenxa yamandla ayo kunye nokuqina. Idla ngokusetyenziswa ukwenza isakhelo kunye nezinye izinto zolwakhiwo, kunye nempahla yamaphepha kunye nezinye iimveliso zokwakha.

Ukusetyenziswa kweSoftwood

• Ukwakhiwa: I-Softwoods yinto ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto zokwakha kunye nezakhiwo. Zisetyenziselwa ukwenza yonke into ukusuka kwifreyimu kunye nezinto zesakhiwo ukuya kwimpahla yamaphepha kunye nezinye iimveliso zokwakha.
• Ukwenziwa kwefenitshala: Ii-Softwoods zikwasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwimveliso yefenitshala, ngakumbi iziqwenga eziyilelwe ukuba zibe khaphukhaphu kwaye kube lula ukuhambahamba. Zihlala zinexabiso eliphantsi kunemithi enzima, nto leyo ezenza zibe lukhetho oludumileyo kubathengi abaqaphela uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali.
• I-Woodworking: Ii-Softwoods zikhetho ezithandwayo kwiiprojekthi ezininzi zokhuni, kuquka ukukrola nokuguqula. Ngokuqhelekileyo kulula ukusebenza kunemithi eqinile, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo oluthile lomthi kunye neprojekthi ekhoyo.
• Ukuveliswa kwePhepha: Ii-Softwoods zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ekuveliseni iphepha, njengoko zikwazi ukuvelisa uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso zephepha. Zihlala zihlelwa njenge "fiber ende" okanye "ifayibha emfutshane" kuxhomekeke kubude bemicu yomthi.
• Olunye uSetyenziso: I-Softwoods isetyenziswa kwinani lezinye izicelo, kubandakanywa njengomthombo wamafutha, ukuveliswa kweeoli eziyimfuneko, kunye nokudalwa kwezixhobo zomculo.

Umahluko phakathi kweentlobo zeSoftwood

• Ubunzima: Ii-Softwoods zinokuhluka ngobunzima kuxhomekeke kuhlobo oluthile lomthi. Ezinye iiplanga ezithambileyo, ezifana nemisedare, zilula kunabanye, ngelixa ezinye, ezifana nefir, zinokuba nzima kakhulu.
• Umbala: Ii-Softwoods zinokwahluka ngombala, kunye nezinye, ezifana nepine, zibonakala zityheli okanye zibomvu, ngelixa ezinye, njengespruce, zihlala zimhlophe okanye zikhanya ngombala.
• Ukutya okuziinkozo: I-Softwoods ingaba noluhlu lweepatheni eziziinkozo ezihlukeneyo, kunye nezinye, ezifana nemisedare, zine-tight, i-grain linear, ngelixa ezinye, ezifana nepine, zinepateni evulekileyo kunye nengaqhelekanga.
• Umahluko we-Biological: I-Softwoods inokwahluka ngokwendlela yokwakheka kwezinto eziphilayo, kunye nezinye, ezifana nemisedare ebomvu yasentshona, iphakamileyo ngokubhekiselele ekuchaseni kwabo ngokwendalo ukubola kunye nokulimala kwezinambuzane.

Unikezo nemfuno

• Ii-Softwoods zifumaneka ngokubanzi kwaye zidla ngexabiso eliphantsi kunemithi enzima, ezenza ukhetho oludumileyo kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo ezahlukeneyo.
• Ii-Softwoods ziveliswa kulo lonke ihlabathi, kunye nenani leentlobo ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo kunye nemozulu.
• I-Softwoods ihlala ilula ukuyiqhuba kwaye ihambisa kunemithi enzima, iyenza ibe lukhetho oludumileyo kwinani lamashishini ahlukeneyo.

Izicelo zeSoftwood: Ngakumbi kunoKwakha nje

Amaplanga eSoftwood aqhele ukusetyenziswa ekwakhiweni kweenjongo zolwakhiwo kunye nokubulala ngenxa yokomelela kunye nokuqina. Ezinye zezona zicelo zixhaphakileyo ziquka:

• Uphahla kunye nomgangatho
• Ukwenziwa kwefreyimu eludongeni kunye nesheathing
• Imiqadi kunye neentsika
• Izithuba kunye neepali

I-Softwood iphinda isetyenziswe kwimveliso yeplywood, into eyaziwayo yokwakha kunye nokwenza ifenitshala.

Ukugqiba izicelo

ISoftwood lukhetho oludumileyo lokugqiba izicelo ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo kunye nokufikeleleka kwayo. Ezinye zezona zicelo ziqhelekileyo zokugqiba ziquka:

• Iminyango kunye neefestile
• Ukubumba kunye nokunquma
• Iikhabhinethi kunye nefenitshala
• Ukuhombisa kunye nokubiya

I-Softwood isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwephepha kunye ne-pulp, esetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo.

Izicelo zeNgingqi

ISoftwood ikhuliswe kwimimandla emininzi kwihlabathi liphela, kubandakanya iScandinavia, ummandla weBaltic, kunye noMntla Melika. Ummandla ngamnye uneempawu zawo ezizodwa kunye nezicelo zamaplanga e-softwood. Ezinye zezona zixhaphakileyo izicelo zengingqi ziquka:

• I-Scandinavia: I-Softwood isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kulwakhiwo kunye nokwenza ifanitshala ngenxa yamandla ayo kunye nokuqina.
• Ummandla weBaltic: I-Softwood isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwimveliso yephepha kunye ne-pulp, kunye nokwakhiwa kunye nokwenza ifenitshala.
• I-North America: I-Softwood isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo kunye nokugqiba izicelo, kunye nokuveliswa kwephepha kunye ne-pulp.

Kutheni iiSoftwoods Zezona zilungileyo kulwakhiwo

I-Softwoods, njengemisedare kunye ipini, zifumaneka lula kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokulula, nto leyo ezenza zibe lukhetho oludumileyo lolwakhiwo. Zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukwenza isakhelo sangaphakathi, ukuvelisa iimpahla ezinje ngeplywood, kunye nosetyenziso lwangaphandle olunje ngocingo kunye neepalethi. Ii-Softwoods zikwasetyenziselwa ukuphakamisa iindonga zangaphakathi ezindlwini.

Ii-Softwoods zineendleko-Ngempumelelo

Ii-Softwoods zincinci kwaye zilula kunemithi enzima, ekhokelela kwiindleko eziphantsi zokuthutha kunye nokufakwa. Zikwakhawuleza ukuphuhlisa, nto leyo ezenza zibe lukhetho oluzinzileyo lolwakhiwo.

Ii-Softwoods ziZinzile

Ngelixa i-softwoods ayinakuba nzima njengemithi enzima, isenokuhlala ixesha elide xa iphathwa kakuhle. I-Softwoods inokuthi ifakwe kwi-biocides ukwandisa ukuchasana nokubola kunye nezinambuzane, okwenza ukuba zilungele izicelo zangaphandle.

IiSoftwoods zefanitshala: Umbono oMkhulu okanye uTyalo-mali oluseMngciphekweni?

Xa ukhangela softwoods ukwenza ifenitshala, kubalulekile ukwazi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu zabo ezizodwa. Nazi izinto ekufuneka uzigcine engqondweni:

• Iintlobo zeSoftwood: Ezinye iinkuni ezithandwayo zokwenza ifenitshala zibandakanya ipine, imisedare kunye nefir.
• Ukutya okuziinkozo kunye nombala: Iinkozo zeSoftwood zivame ukuhambelana ngakumbi kunomthi onzima, kodwa umbala unokuhluka ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo oluthile lomthi.
• Ukwazi ukutshatisa: Ukuba ufuna inkangeleko engaguquguqukiyo, kubalulekile ukwazi indlela yokutshatisa iinkozo zomthi kunye nombala.
• Ukufumaneka kwendawo: Ii-Softwoods zifumaneka ngokulula kwiivenkile ze-hardware zendawo, zibenza zibe yindlela efanelekileyo kwabo bafuna ukuqala iprojekthi yokwenza ifenitshala.

IiPros and Cons of Use Softwoods kwifanitshala

I-Softwoods ibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi xa kuziwa ekwenzeni ifenitshala, kodwa kukho ezinye iingxaki ekufuneka uziqwalasele:

eziluncedo:

• Ixabiso eliphantsi: Ii-softwoods zihlala zishibhile kunemithi enzima, nto leyo ezenza zibe lukhetho olufikelelekayo kwabo babhajethi.
• Kulula ukusebenzisana nayo: I-Softwoods ithambile kwaye kulula ukuyisika kunye nokumila kunemithi enzima, ibenza ibe lukhetho olulungileyo lwabaqalayo okanye abo bangenakufikelela kwiingcali. izixhobo zokusebenza ngamaplanga (nazi izinto ezibalulekileyo).
• Ifumaneka ngokulula: Ii-Softwoods zifumaneka ngokubanzi kwiivenkile ze-hardware, okwenza kube lula ukuzifumana kwabo bafuna ukuqalisa iprojekthi yokwenza ifenitshala.

bendlela:

• Akunjalo njengento ehlala ixesha elide: I-Softwoods ayinzima njengemithi enzima, oku kuthetha ukuba ayinakomelela okanye yomelele kwixesha elide.
• Amakhonkco okukhula: I-Softwoods ineendandatho zokukhula eziphindaphinda kwipatheni ehambelanayo, enokuthi ibonakale ingabonakali kakhulu kunemithi enzima.
• I-Veneer layer: I-Softwoods ihlala inomaleko we-veneer onokuthi ungalingani kwaye ungabonakali kakuhle njengemithi enzima xa ihlanjululwe.

Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba ifenitshala yeSoftwood yomelele kwaye yomelele

Ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokusebenzisa i-softwoods ekwenzeni ifenitshala, kukho ezinye izinto onokuzenza ukuze uqinisekise ukuba ifenitshala yakho yomelele kwaye yomelele:

• Sika iinkuni kwicala elifanelekileyo: I-Softwoods ithande ukuba namandla kwaye yomelele ngakumbi xa igawulwe ecaleni kwengqolowa.
• Khangela amaqhina: Amaqhina angenza buthathaka iinkuni, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuwajonga ngaphambi kokuba uqale iprojekthi yakho.
• Hlola iinkuni: Khangela nayiphi na ivumba elikhethekileyo okanye iipateni ze-fluorescent ezinokuthi zibonise ukuba iinkuni azikho semgangathweni.
• Landela ezona ndlela zilungileyo zokwakha: UCarina Jaramillo, umenzi wefenitshala, ucebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe iglu nezikrufu ukuqinisekisa ukuba ifenitshala yomelele kwaye yomelele ngakumbi.
• Sebenzisa i-softwoods egciniweyo okanye ene-weathered: Ezi ntlobo ze-softwoods zivame ukuba zomelele kwaye zomelele ngakumbi kune-softwoods esanda kunqunyulwa.

Indlela yokuchonga ii-Softwoods zokwenziwa kwefanitshala

Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba uchonga njani i-softwoods yokwenza ifenitshala, nanga amanye amacebiso:

• I-Softwood ivame ukuba nesakhiwo esivulekileyo se-pore, esinikeza ukubonakala okuthambileyo.
• I-Softwood yongeza imvakalelo yokufudumala kwifenitshala, kodwa inokubukeka ingalingani xa inebala.
• Umsedare ngumthi othambileyo odumileyo wokwakha isikhephe kuba uthande ukuba namandla kwaye womelele ngakumbi kunezinye iinkuni ezithambileyo.
• Khangela iintlobo ezithile ze-softwoods: Ngokomzekelo, i-fir yi-softwood eqhelekileyo esetyenziselwa ukwenza ifenitshala kuba idla ngokuba yomelele kwaye iqinile kunezinye iinkuni ezithambileyo.

I-Hardwood vs Softwood Density: Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi

Ukuze uqonde ngcono umahluko phakathi koxinaniso phakathi kweenkuni eziqinileyo kunye ne-softwoods, nantsi imizekelo nganye:

• Imithi enzima: i-ebony, i-rosewood, i-walnut, i-ash
• I-Softwoods: ipine, i-spruce, i-poplar

Ubuninzi beNgxaki ekuSetyenzisweni kweenkuni eziqinileyo kunye neeSoftwoods

Ubuninzi bomthi bunegalelo ekusetyenzisweni kwawo ngeendlela ezininzi. Nantsi eminye imizekelo:

• Iinkuni eziqinileyo zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukwenza ifenitshala kunye nezinye izicelo ezifuna inkuni ehlala ixesha elide enokumelana nokuguga kunye nokukrazula ixesha elide.
• Ii-Softwoods ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwisakhiwo kunye nokwakhiwa ngenxa yokukwazi ukusika kunye nokubunjwa ngokulula, okwenza kube yinto ethandwayo yokukhetha ukuqulunqa kunye nezinye iindawo zesakhiwo.
• Ii-Softwoods zikwasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwimveliso yeemveliso zephepha, ezifana namaphephandaba kunye namaphephancwadi, ngenxa yobude babo, imicu ethe tye.

Imithi evuthulukayo vs iEvergreen Trees

Ukwahlulwa kwemithi eqinile kunye ne-softwoods ayisekelwe kumagqabi okanye imbewu yomthi, kodwa kunoko kubuninzi bomthi. Nangona kunjalo, kukho umahluko oqhelekileyo phakathi kwemithi evuthulukayo kunye nehlala eluhlaza enokukunceda ukuchonga uhlobo lomthi:

• Imithi evuthulukayo, efana ne-walnut kunye nothuthu, ihlala inemithi emnyama kunemithi eluhlaza.
• Imithi ehlala iluhlaza, enjengompayina kunye nespruce, inemithi enemibala ekhaphukhaphu.
• Imithi evuthulukayo ilahlekelwa ngamagqabi ekwindla, ngelixa imithi eluhlaza igcina amagqabi ayo unyaka wonke.

isiphelo

Ngoko ke unayo- amaplanga athambileyo anezinto ezininzi, adumile, kwaye alungele ukwakha ngenxa yokuba kulula ukusebenza nawo kwaye awafuni amandla angako njengamaplanga aqinileyo. Zilungile kwiindonga zangaphandle kunye neesilingi, kwaye zilungele ukugqiba kwangaphakathi. Ngaphezu koko, zilungele zombini izakhiwo zokuhlala kunye nezorhwebo. Ngoko musa ukoyika ukuzisebenzisa!

NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weZixhobo zeGqirha, umthengisi womxholo, kunye notata. Ndiyathanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha, kwaye kunye neqela lam ndiye ndenza amanqaku ebhlog anzulu ukusukela ngo-2016 ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngezixhobo kunye neengcebiso zokwenza.