Imitha ye-Ultraviolet, eyaziwa ngokuba yimitha ye-UV, luhlobo lwemitha ye-ionizing enobude obufutshane kunokukhanya okubonakalayo. Ifumaneka ekukhanyeni kwelanga kwaye yenza ulusu lube lusu.
Zintathu iindidi zemitha yeUV: UV-A, UV-B, kunye neUV-C. Imitha ye-UV-C ifunxwa ikakhulu yi-ozone layer, isishiya ne-UV-A kunye ne-UV-B imitha.
Ngoku, makhe sihlolisise ngakumbi uhlobo ngalunye lwemitha yeUV.
Kule posi siza kugubungela:
Imitha ye-UV: Amandla angabonakaliyo anokubangela ukonakala
Imitha ye-UV luhlobo oluthile lwemitha ye-electromagnetic engabonakaliyo kwiliso lomntu. Olu luhlobo lwamandla akhutshwa lilanga nemithombo eyenziweyo, njengeebhedi zokutshisa ulusu. Imitha ye-UV yahlulahlulwe yaba ziindidi ezintathu ezahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kubude bamaza: UVA, UVB, kunye ne-UVC.
Imitha ye-UV ibachaphazela njani abantu?
Imitha yeUV inokubangela umonakalo eluswini nasemehlweni abantu. Xa abantu bechanabeke kwimitha yeUV, inokungena eluswini ize ibangele umonakalo kwiDNA kwiiseli zolusu. Lo monakalo unokukhokelela kumhlaza wolusu nokuguga ngaphambi kwexesha. Ukongezelela, imitha ye-UV inokubangela umonakalo wamehlo, okukhokelela kwi-cataract kunye nezinye iingxaki zamehlo.
Indima ye-UV Radiation kwi-Vitamin D yokuDala
Imitha ye-UV idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekudalweni kweVithamin D emzimbeni womntu. Xa ulusu luvezwe kwimitha ye-UVB, lubangela uthotho lweekhemikhali ezikhokelela ekudalweni kweVithamin D. IVithamin D ibalulekile kumathambo asempilweni kwaye inokunceda ukomeleza amajoni omzimba.
Imithombo eyenziweyo yoMbane we-UV
Imithombo eyenziweyo yemitha ye-UV ibandakanya iibhedi zokutshisa, oomatshini bokuwelda, kunye nezibane ze-UV zasesibhedlele. Le mithombo ikhupha imitha ye-UV enokubangela umonakalo eluswini nasemehlweni abantu. Kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukuvezwa kule mithombo ukunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki zempilo.
Ukubaluleka kokuKhusela kwiMitha ye-UV
Ukukhusela kwimitha ye-UV, kubalulekile ukuthatha la manyathelo alandelayo:
- Nxiba iimpahla ezikhuselayo, njengeehempe ezinemikhono emide neminqwazi, xa ungaphandle.
- Sebenzisa i-sunscreen enezinga eliphezulu le-SPF.
- Kuphephe ukutshisa iibhedi kunye neminye imithombo eyenziweyo yemitha yeUV.
- Hlala emthunzini ngamaxesha aphezulu e-UV (10 am ukuya ku-4pm).
Imitha yeUV yindlela eqhelekileyo yamandla enokubangela umonakalo eluswini namehlo omntu. Ngokuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemitha ye-UV kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo okuzikhusela kuyo, abantu banokuwunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki zempilo ezinxulumene nokuba sesichengeni semitha ye-UV.
Yazi iindidi ezahlukeneyo zemitha ye-UV
Imitha ye-UV luhlobo lwemitha ye-electromagnetic ephuma elangeni kwaye idluliselwa ngamaza okanye amasuntswana. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zemitha ye-UV, ngokusekelwe kumaza azo:
- I-Ultraviolet A (UVA): Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo lwemitha yeUV efikelela emhlabeni. Imitha ye-UVA inobude obude kunye namandla aphantsi kwezi ntlobo zintathu. Ziyakwazi ukungena kuluhlu lwangaphandle lwesikhumba kwaye zibangele umonakalo kumqolo ophakathi, okukhokelela ekugugeni ngaphambi kwexesha kunye nomngcipheko okhulayo womhlaza wolusu.
- I-Ultraviolet B (UVB): Olu hlobo lwemitha ye-UV inobude obufutshane kunye namandla aphezulu kunemitha ye-UVA. Imitha ye-UVB inoxanduva lokubangela ukutshiswa lilanga, ukonakala kolusu, kunye nomngcipheko owongezelelweyo womhlaza wolusu. Zikwangoyena nobangela wolusu.
- I-Ultraviolet C (UVC): Obu bobona bude bufutshane kunye namandla aphezulu kwiindidi ezintathu zemitha ye-UV. Imitha yeUVC idla ngokufunxwa ngumaleko weozone womhlaba yaye ayifikeleli kumphezulu womhlaba. Noko ke, zinokufunyanwa kwezinye iindawo ezenziwe ngabantu, njengeentlobo ezithile zezibane ezisetyenziswa kwimibandela yenzululwazi nezonyango.
Iziphumo zoMbane weUV kuMzimba
Ukuvezwa kwimitha ye-UV kunokuba nefuthe elibi emzimbeni, kubandakanya:
- Ukutshiswa lilanga: Imitha yeUVB ngoyena nobangela wokutshiswa lilanga, nto leyo enokubangela iintlungu, ububomvu namadyungudyungu.
- Ukonakala kolusu: Zombini imitha ye-UVA kunye ne-UVB inokubangela umonakalo eluswini, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwaluphaleni kwangaphambi kwexesha, imibimbi, kunye nokwanda komngcipheko womhlaza wolusu.
- Ukonakala kwamehlo: Imitha ye-UV inokonakalisa amehlo, ibangele urhatyazo, ukungaboni kakuhle, kunye nolunye ukwenzakala kwamehlo.
Indima yeWavelength kunye neOzone Layer kwi-UV Radiation
Ubude bemitha yeUV bumisela indlela enokungena ngayo esikhumbeni nakwezinye izinto. Imitha ye-UVA inobude obude kwaye inokungena esikhumbeni nzulu ngakumbi kunemitha ye-UVB, enobude obufutshane bobude. Imitha yeUVC inobona bude bufutshane kwaye idla ngokufunxwa ngumaleko we-ozone osemhlabeni.
Iozone layer ngumaleko okhuselayo kumoya ojikeleze umhlaba ofunxa inkoliso yemitha yelanga eyingozi yeUV. Noko ke, izinto ezithile ezenziwa ngabantu, njengokusebenzisa imichiza ethile, zinokonakalisa umaleko weozone zize zandise umlinganiselo wemitha yeUV efikelela emhlabeni.
Uzikhusela njani kwimitha ye-UV
Ukuthintela imiphumo eyingozi yemitha ye-UV, kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo okuzikhusela, afana nala:
- Ukunxiba iimpahla ezikhuselayo, ezifana neehempe ezinemikhono emide neminqwazi, xa ungaphandle.
- Ukusebenzisa i-sunscreen enezinga eliphezulu le-SPF kwaye uphinde uyifake rhoqo.
- Ukuphepha ukukhanya kwelanga ngexesha leeyure eziphakamileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-10 am kunye ne-4pm
- Ukujonga isalathiso se-UV ngaphambi kokuba uphume ngaphandle kwaye uthathe izilumkiso ezifanelekileyo.
- Ukusombulula ukunqanda iibhedi zesikhumba, ezinokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wolusu.
Ngokuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemitha ye-UV kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo okuzikhusela, unokunciphisa ingozi yokwenzakala kwaye ujabulele ilanga ngokukhuselekileyo.
Isalathiso se-UV: Indlela yokulinganisa ubungozi obunokubakho boMbane we-UV
I-UV Index (UVI) sisikali senzululwazi esilinganisa inqanaba lemitha ye-UV ekhoyo kwindawo ethile. Esi sikali sisuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-11+, kunye ne-11+ ibe lelona nqanaba liphezulu lemitha ye-UV. I-UVI ngumlinganiselo wengozi enokuthi ibangele imitha ye-UV enokubangela eluswini nasemehlweni abantu, kwaye lincinci ixesha elithathayo ukuze kwenzeke ingozi.
Imitha yeUV luhlobo oluthile lwamandla e-electromagnetic adluliselwa elangeni. Zintathu iindidi zemitha yeUV: UVA, UVB, kunye neUVC. I-UVC idla ngokufunxwa yi-ozone layer kwaye ayifiki emhlabeni, ngelixa i-UVA kunye ne-UVB inokubangela umonakalo eluswini kunye namehlo. ISalathiso seUV ngumlinganiselo wemitha yeUVA kunye neUVB ekhoyo kwindawo ethile.
Ingaba iUV Index ibachaphazela njani abantu?
I-UV Index inokuchaphazela abantu ngeendlela ezininzi. Xa i-UVI iphantsi, abantu banokungafumani ziphumo zicacileyo ezivela kwimitha ye-UV. Nangona kunjalo, xa i-UVI iphezulu, abantu banokufumana uluhlu lweempawu, kuquka ukutshiswa lilanga, ukuguga kolusu, kunye nomngcipheko okhulayo womhlaza wolusu. Kwiimeko ezinzima, abantu banokuba namava ubushushu ukudinwa okanye ukubetha kobushushu.
Ziziphi ezinye iindlela eziqhelekileyo abantu abanokuzikhusela ngazo kwimitha yeUV?
Kukho iindlela ezininzi abantu abanokuzikhusela ngazo kwimitha ye-UV, kuquka:
- Ukunxiba iimpahla ezikhuselayo, njengehempe enemikhono emide neebhulukhwe, iminqwazi, neendondo zelanga
- Ukusebenzisa i-sunscreen ene-SPF ephezulu
- Ukuphepha ukukhanya kwelanga ngexesha elishushu emini
- Ukuhlala emthunzini kangangoko kunokwenzeka
- Ukusela amanzi amaninzi ukuze uhlale u-hydrated
Yeyiphi eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufunda i-UV Index?
Isalathiso se-UV siboniswa ngokwesiqhelo njengenani, elinamanani aphezulu abonisa ukubanakho ukwenzakala. Umzekelo, i-UVI yesi-8 okanye ngaphezulu ithathwa njengephezulu kakhulu kwaye ifuna izilumkiso ezongezelelweyo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba i-UV Index inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka ixesha lemini, ixesha lonyaka, kunye nobungakanani belifu elisibekeleyo.
Imitha ye-UV kunye nempembelelo eyonakalisayo kwipeyinti
Imitha ye-UV yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezinokukhokelela kumphumo owonakalisayo kwipeyinti. Ukukhanya kweultraviolet kubangela ukuba iimolekyuli ezikwiresin yepeyinti zahlukane, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ipeyinti iqhawuke ize iqhekeke. Impembelelo eyonakalisayo yemitha ye-UV kwipeyinti sisiphumo solu tshintsho lulandelayo:
- Imitha ye-UV ibangela ukuba iimolekyuli ze-resin kwipeyinti zitshintshe imilo kwaye zicinezele okanye zande.
- Olu tshintsho lukhokelela ekudalweni kwamacandelo amatsha kwipeyinti, enokubangela ukuba ipeyinti iguge kwaye ibe sengozini yokubola kunye nokuqhekeka.
- Ubushushu bukwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kumphumo owonakalisayo wemitha yeUV kwipeyinti. Ukushisa okuphezulu kunokukhokelela ekwandisweni kwepeyinti, ngelixa ukushisa okuphantsi kunokubangela ukuba inkontileka. Olu tshintsho lunokukhokelela ekubunjweni kokuqhekeka kwepeyinti, enokuthi yonakalisa ngakumbi.
Ukujongana neMpembelelo Eyonakalisayo ye-UV Radiation kwiPaint
Ukujongana nempembelelo eyonakalisayo yemitha ye-UV kwipeyinti, kubalulekile ukuthatha la manyathelo alandelayo:
- Sebenzisa ipeyinti ekumgangatho ophezulu okanye ivanishi eyenzelwe ngokukodwa ukumelana nemitha ye-UV.
- Gcoba isambatho esikhuselayo phezu kwepeyinti ukukhusela umphumo owonakalisayo wemitha ye-UV.
- Gcina ipeyinti kwindawo epholileyo, eyomileyo ukukhusela umphumo owonakalisayo wokutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa.
- Hlola rhoqo ipeyinti naziphi na iimpawu zomonakalo okanye ukuguga, kwaye ulungise ngokukhawuleza ukuthintela umonakalo ongakumbi.
Isiphumo soMntu ekuGcineni ipeyinti
Ukugcinwa kwepeyinti akuxhomekeke kuphela kumgangatho wepeyinti kunye nendawo egcinwe kuyo. Umba wobuntu nawo udlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ipeyinti. Nanga amanye amacebiso okugcina ipeyinti:
- Kuphephe ukubamba ipeyinti ngezandla ezingenanto, njengoko i-oyile ephuma esikhumbeni sakho inokuyonakalisa ipeyinti.
- Sebenzisa ibrashi ene-soft-bristled okanye ilaphu le-microfiber ukucoca ipeyinti.
- Kuphephe ukusebenzisa iikhemikhali eziqatha okanye izinto ezirhabaxa ukucoca ipeyinti, njengoko zinokubangela umonakalo ongakumbi.
- Hlola rhoqo ipeyinti naziphi na iimpawu zomonakalo okanye ukuguga, kwaye ulungise ngokukhawuleza ukuthintela umonakalo ongakumbi.
isiphelo
Ke, imitha ye-UV luhlobo lwemitha ye-electromagnetic ekhutshwa lilanga kunye nemithombo eyenziweyo. Kunokubangela umonakalo eluswini, emehlweni, nkqu namathambo akho. Kodwa, kukho iindlela zokuzikhusela kwimitha ye-UV, kwaye ngoku uyazi ukuba ziphi. Ke, ungoyiki ukonwabela ilanga, yenze ngokufanelekileyo.
NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weZixhobo zeGqirha, umthengisi womxholo, kunye notata. Ndiyathanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha, kwaye kunye neqela lam ndiye ndenza amanqaku ebhlog anzulu ukusukela ngo-2016 ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngezixhobo kunye neengcebiso zokwenza.
