I-Varnish lulwelo okanye intlama eyenziwe ngentlaka kunye ne-solvent egalelwa kumphezulu kwaye yomiswe ukwenza ifilimu enzima. Isetyenziselwa ukukhusela kunye nokuhombisa iinkuni, isinyithi, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi.
Kwesi sikhokelo, ndiza kuchaza ukuba yintoni ivanishi, isebenza njani, kwaye isetyenziselwa ntoni.
Kule posi siza kugubungela:
Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi malunga neVarnish
I-Varnish yinto ecacileyo, ecacileyo okanye enemibala umaleko esetyenziswa kwimigangatho yeplanga ukomeleza inkangeleko yazo kunye nokubonelela ngokhuseleko kumonakalo obangelwa kukuguga nokukrazuka, imitha ye-UV, kunye nezinye izinto zokusingqongileyo. Sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kuye nabani na osebenza kwiprojekthi eyenziwe ngamaplanga, nokuba yifenitshala, amaqhekeza obugcisa, okanye umphezulu weplanga ojongene nokuguga nokukrazuka ngokubanzi.
Ukubaluleka kokukhetha uhlobo olululo lweVarnish
Ukukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo lwevarnish kwiprojekthi yakho kunokuba sisigqibo esibhidayo. Ngeentlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kunye neenguqulelo ezikhoyo, kubalulekile ukwazi umahluko phakathi kwazo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana eyona ilungileyo kwiimfuno zakho. Ezinye zeentlobo eziphambili zevanishi ziquka i-varnish yendalo, yokwenziwa, kunye ne-resin, nganye inezinto zayo ezizodwa kunye nenqanaba lokuqina.
Ukusetyenziswa kweVarnish ngokufanelekileyo
Ukufaka ivanishi kubandakanya okungaphezulu nje kokuyibrasha phezu komhlaba. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-varnish ibeka ngokufanelekileyo kwaye inika ukhuseleko oluyimfuneko, kubalulekile ukulandela inkqubo efanelekileyo. Oku kunokubandakanya ukutshiza umphezulu, ukukhetha ibhrashi efanelekileyo, kunye nokusebenzisa iileya ezininzi zevanishi.
Ukuguquguquka kweVarnish
Esinye sezizathu zokuba ivanishi idume kakhulu kukuguquguquka kwayo. Ingasetyenziselwa ukudala iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemibala kunye nemibala, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-varnish kunye nezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo. Ukongeza ekuphuculeni ukubonakala kweendawo zokhuni, i-varnish ingasetyenziselwa njenge-topcoat kwimizobo kunye nezinye iziqwenga zobugcisa, zongeza ubunzulu kunye nobutyebi kwimibala.
Iinzuzo zeVarnish ngaphezu kwePolyurethane
Ngelixa i-polyurethane yenye into ethandwayo yokugquma indawo eyenziwe ngamaplanga, ivanishi ineenzuzo ezikhethekileyo eziyibeka yodwa. Ngokomzekelo, ivanishi idla ngokuba nzima kwaye ikhusela ngakumbi kune-polyurethane, kwaye inokuthi ifakwe i-tinted ukongeza umbala kumphezulu. Ukongeza, ivanishi iyafumaneka ngeelwimi ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukufumana inguqulelo efanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuKhuselwa okuLungileyo ngeVarnish
Ukongeza ekuphuculeni inkangeleko yeendawo zokhuni, ivanishi sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa okufanelekileyo kumonakalo obangelwa kukuguga, imisebe ye-UV kunye nezinye izinto zokusingqongileyo. Ngokukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo lwe-varnish kunye nokulusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo, unokuqinisekisa ukuba iindawo zakho zokhuni zihlala zisemgangathweni ixesha elide.
Imbali enemibala yeVarnish
I-Varnishing yindlela yakudala ebuyela kwiYiputa yamandulo. I-varnishes zangaphambili zaphuhliswa ngokuxuba i-resin, njenge-pine pitch, kunye ne-solvent kunye nokuyisebenzisa ngebrashi ukufezekisa umphumo oyifunayo. Ukusetyenziswa kwevanishi kwasasazeka ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, abapeyinti neengcibi beyisebenzisa ukukhusela nokuphucula umsebenzi wabo.
IXesha Eliphakathi Nangaphaya
Ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-14, umzobi waseItali uCennino Cennini wabhala umbhalo-ngqangi owawugubungela ngokupheleleyo umbandela wokuvanitshwa. Wachaza iindlela ezahlukahlukeneyo zokufaka ivanishi, kuquka ukusebenzisa itshungama ephuma emthini, i<em>glair, kwanekonofile nobusi njengezongezelelo. Nangona kunjalo, wakugxeka ukusetyenziswa kwevanishi, elumkisa ukuba inokuba tyheli ekuhambeni kwexesha.
IRenaissance kunye neXesha lokuQala langoku
Ngenkulungwane ye-17, ugqirha waseSwitzerland kunye ne-alchemist uTheodor de Mayerne wapapasha incwadi malunga nobugcisa bokudweba, obuquka iindlela zokupheka zevanishi. Wancoma ukusebenzisa i-yolk yeqanda kunye neviniga njengevanishi kwimizobo. Ngenkulungwane ye-18, ugqirha waseSkotlani uAlexander Carlyle wanika imiyalelo yokupeyinta umva kwiglasi kusetyenziswa ivanishi.
Ngasekupheleni kwe-19 kunye nasekuqaleni kwe20th Century
Ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, abazobi baseMerika uRichard noJennys Van Vleck banikela imiyalelo yokusebenzisa ivanishi kwincwadi yabo ethi “The Practice of Painting and Drawing.” Bancoma ukusebenzisa ivanishi ukukhusela imizobo kuthuli kunye nokungcola. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, uVincent van Gogh wasebenzisa ivanishi kwimizobo yakhe ukuze aphumeze isiphumo esimenyezelayo.
I-Varnish namhlanje
Namhlanje, ivanishi isasetyenziswa ngabapeyinti namagcisa ukukhusela nokuphucula umsebenzi wabo. Iivanishi zanamhlanje zenziwe ngee-resin zokwenziwa kunye ne-solvents, kwaye ziza kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zokugqitywa, ukusuka kwi-matte ukuya kwi-gloss ephezulu. I-Varnish iphinda isetyenziswe kwi-woodworking ukukhusela nokuphucula ubuhle bendalo bomthi.
Iindidi ezininzi zeVarnish: Yeyiphi ekulungeleyo?
Xa kuziwa ekugqityweni kweenkuni, ivanishi lukhetho oludumileyo ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo kunye nokusebenza okunzima. Kodwa ngaba ubusazi ukuba zininzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zevanishi ezikhoyo? Ngamnye wenzelwe ukufezekisa umphumo othile okanye ukuphucula indawo ethile yembonakalo yomthi okanye ukhuseleko. Kweli candelo, siza kujonga ngakumbi kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zevanishi kunye neempawu zazo ezizodwa.
Iimpawu eziZodwa zohlobo ngalunye lweVarnish
Nazi ezinye zeempawu ezizodwa ezinxulumene nodidi ngalunye lwevarnish:
- Ivanishi esekwe kwi-oyile: Olu hlobo lwevanishi luguquguquka kakhulu kwaye lunokusetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwezinto. Kwakhona kuhle kakhulu ekukhuseleni iinkuni emanzini nakwezinye izinto. Nangona kunjalo, kunokuthatha ixesha elide ukomisa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye kunokufuna izigaba zokomisa ezongezelelweyo.
- Ivanishi esekelwe emanzini: Olu hlobo lwevanishi kulula ukuyicoca kwaye ayinabungozi kwindalo. Iyoma ngokukhawuleza kunevanishi esekwe kwi-oyile kwaye ayinakwenzeka ukuba ibe tyheli ekuhambeni kwexesha. Nangona kunjalo, isenokungabi yomelele okanye yomelele njengevanishi esekwe kwioyile kwaye inokufuna iidyasi ezininzi ukufezekisa inqanaba elifunekayo lokhuseleko.
- Ivanishi yePolyurethane: Olu hlobo lwevanishi luguquguquka kakhulu kwaye lunokusetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwezinto. Iqinile, yomelele, kwaye iyamelana nokusabela kwizinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Ifumaneka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokugqitywa, kuquka i-matte, i-satin, kunye ne-glossy. Nangona kunjalo, kunokuba nzima ukususa xa sele ifakiwe kwaye ayinakulungela iintlobo ezithile zokhuni okanye ukugqiba.
- I-varnish ye-Spar: Olu hlobo lwevanishi yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa ngaphandle kwaye ixhathisa kakhulu emanzini kunye nezinye izinto. Nangona kunjalo, isenokungaguquguquki njengezinye iintlobo zevanishi kwaye isenokungakulungeli ukusetyenziswa kwangaphakathi.
- Ivanishi yesixhobo somculo: Olu hlobo lwevanishi lubhityile kakhulu kwaye lukhazimliswe kakhulu, luvumela ukhozo lwendalo lomthi lubonakale. Kwakhona yenzelwe ukuphucula ukusebenza kwesixhobo ngokuvumela umthi ukuba ungcangcazele ngokukhululekileyo. Ifumaneka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokugqitywa, kuquka i-matte kunye ne-glossy. Nangona kunjalo, isenokungafaneleki kwezinye iintlobo zokugqiba iinkuni kwaye zinokufuna amandla amancinci okusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo.
Ukusebenzisa iVarnish: ISikhokelo senyathelo ngalinye
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukusebenzisa i-varnish kwiprojekthi yakho yokhuni, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba umphezulu ulungiswe kakuhle. Nantsi into ekufuneka uyenzile:
- Gcoba umphezulu ngesanti ecolekileyo yegrit ukususa amabala arhabaxa kwaye wenze indawo egudileyo. I-Sanding iphinda incede i-varnish ibambelele bhetele kwimithi.
- Coca umphezulu nge-rag kunye ne-mineral spirits ukususa naluphi na uthuli okanye i-debris. Qinisekisa ukuba umphezulu womile ngokupheleleyo phambi kokuba udlulele kwinqanaba elilandelayo.
Ukukhetha iVarnish efanelekileyo
Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeevanishi ezikhoyo, nganye inenqanaba layo le-sheen kunye nokuqina. Nazi ezinye izinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa ukhetha ivanishi efanelekileyo yeprojekthi yakho:
- I-varnishes yendabuko yenziwe kwioli yendalo kunye ne-resin, ngelixa i-synthetic varnishes zenziwe ngezinto zokwenziwa. Iivanishi zokwenziwa ziqhele ukuqina kwaye zibonelela ngokhuseleko olungcono kwimitha ye-UV.
- Ezinye ivanishi zifuna ukucuthwa ngaphambi kokuba zisetyenziswe, ngelixa ezinye zingasetyenziswa ngqo ngaphandle kwetoti. Funda ileyibhile ngononophelo ukuze ubone ukuba ivanishi yakho ifuna ukucuthwa.
- Ukuba ufuna ukugqiba okuphezulu, khetha i-varnish yesiko okanye ecocekileyo. Ezi varnishes zibiza kakhulu, kodwa zinika inqanaba eliphezulu lokucaca kunye nobunzulu.
Ukuxuba kunye nokusebenzisa iVarnish
Ngoku ukuba ukhethe i-varnish efanelekileyo, lixesha lokuba uqale ukuyisebenzisa kwiprojekthi yakho yokhuni. Nantsi indlela yokwenza:
- Gcoba i-varnish ngokucokisekileyo ngaphambi kokuba uqale. Ukudibanisa kuqinisekisa ukuba umxube uhlanganiswe ngokupheleleyo kwaye uya kubangela ukugqitywa okuhambelanayo.
- Thela i-varnish kwisitya esicocekileyo kwaye udibanise i-rag kwi-pad. Gcoba i-pad kwi-varnish kwaye uyisule ngobumnene emthini, usebenze kwicala lengqolowa. Qinisekisa ukuba ugubungela yonke indawo ngokulinganayo.
- Vumela ivanishi ukuba yome ngokwemiyalelo yomenzi. Oku kungathatha naphi na ukusuka kwiiyure ezimbalwa ukuya ngobusuku.
- Emva kokuba ivanishi yomile, sebenzisa i-sandpaper yegrit ecolekileyo phezu komhlaba. Oku kuya kunceda ukugudisa naziphi na iindawo ezirhabaxa kwaye ulungiselele umphezulu wedyasi yokugqibela.
- Faka isambatho sesibini sevarnish usebenzisa ubuchule obufanayo nangaphambili. Yivumele ukuba yome ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kokuba udlulele kwinqanaba elilandelayo.
Ukugqitywa kokugqibela
Ngoku ekubeni usebenzise isambatho sokugqibela se-varnish, lixesha lokongeza ukuthintela okokugqibela kwiprojekthi yakho yokhuni. Nantsi into ekufuneka uyenzile:
- Santi umphezulu kancinci nge sandpaper ecolekileyo ukususa amabala arhabaxa okanye iidriphu.
- Coca umphezulu nge-rag kunye ne-mineral spirits ukususa naluphi na uthuli okanye i-debris.
- Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwevanishi oyisebenzisayo, unokufuna ukusebenzisa i-wax ekhethekileyo okanye i-polish kumphezulu ukuze uvelise ukukhanya.
- Vumela umphezulu wome ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise okanye uphathe isiqwenga sakho somthi.
Khumbula, ukusebenzisa ivanishi kunokuba yinkqubo enzima, kodwa ngeendlela ezifanelekileyo kunye nokulungiswa, unokufezekisa ukugqiba okugqibeleleyo rhoqo.
Icala elingelihle kakhulu leVarnish
I-Varnish iyisigqubuthelo sokukhusela esiqhelekileyo kwiindawo zokhuni, kodwa ayizizo zonke iintlobo zeevanishi ezifanelekileyo kwiprojekthi nganye. Nazi ezinye iintlobo zevanishi kunye neengxaki zazo:
- I-varnishes esekwe kwi-oyile: Ezi vanishi ziqhele ukusetyenziselwa umphezulu weplanga wangaphakathi, kodwa zithande ukutyheli ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye zibe noxinzelelo oluphantsi, okuthetha ukuba kufuneka iidyasi ezininzi zokhuselo oluphezulu.
- I-Synthetic varnishes: Ezi vanishi kulula ukuzisebenzisa kwaye zome ngokukhawuleza kuneevanishi ezisekelwe kwioli, kodwa ziqulethe i-solvents eyenza imiphumo emibi kumzimba kunye nokusingqongileyo.
- Ivanishi yespirit: Ezi vanishi zenziwe ngomxube weresin kunye ne-alcohol kwaye zilungele izixhobo zomculo, kodwa azifanelekanga kwiiprojekthi zangaphandle kuba zinyibilika emanzini nasemililweni.
Abaqalayo bafumana iVarnish kunzima ukuyifaka
I-Varnish luhlobo olukhethekileyo lokugquma olufuna ulungelelwaniso oluthile kunye nobuchule bokuvelisa okulungileyo kunye nokugqiba. Abaqalayo baya kufumanisa ukuba ivanishi kunokuba nzima ukuyifaka kuba:
- I-varnish yoma ngokucothayo, oku kuthetha ukuba idinga iingubo ezininzi ukufezekisa umphumo oyifunayo.
- I-Varnish incinci kunezinye izitywini, oku kuthetha ukuba ifuna iingubo ezininzi zokuvelisa i-coating ephezulu yokukhusela.
- I-Varnish idinga uhlobo olukhethekileyo lwabancinci ukuze kuphuculwe ubuninzi bayo kunye nokuhambelana.
Ukutyheli kunye nokomisa yiMiba eqhelekileyo
Enye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo zevarnish kukuba ithande ukutyheli ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngakumbi xa ibekwe elangeni. Ukongeza, ivanishi yoma kancinci, oku kuthetha ukuba ifuna ixesha elingakumbi lokunyanga kunye nokuqina. Oku kunokuba yingxaki kwimigangatho yokhuni efuna ukulungiswa rhoqo okanye i-varnished ngaphambili.
Iingubo ezingezinye zoKhuseleko
Ukuba ivanishi ayisiyiyo yokukhusela iprojekthi yakho, nazi ezinye iindlela:
- I-Lacquer: Le yingubo ye-resinous eyoma ngokukhawuleza kune-varnish kwaye ivelise ukugqiba okunzima kunye nokuqina. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa imizobo yokuhombisa, ipaneli, kunye nemigangatho yeplanga.
- I-Oleo-resinous coatings: Lo ngumxube we-oyile kunye ne-resin evelisa i-coating ekhuselayo kwiindawo zokhuni. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa i-trusses yophahla kunye neendawo zokhuni ezivezwe emlilweni.
- Iingubo zeMineral: Lo ngumbane owenziwe ngamanzi ovelisa ikhuselo lokukhusela iindawo zokhuni. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa iiprojekthi zangaphandle kunye neendawo zokhuni ezivezwe emanzini.
IVarnish vs iPolyurethane: Yeyiphi eyona nto ilungileyo yokuPhelisa iinkuni?
Xa kuziwa ekukhetheni ukugqitywa komthi ogqwesileyo, i-varnish kunye ne-polyurethane zimbini zeemveliso ezidumileyo. Ngelixa zinokubonakala zifana xa uqala, kukho ukungafani okubalulekileyo okufuneka uhlale ukhumbula:
- I-varnish yinto eqhelekileyo eyenziwe ngeerasi, i-oyile, kunye nezinyibilikisi, ngelixa i-polyurethane yintlaka yeplastiki.
- I-Varnish inika ukhuseleko olungcono kumonakalo we-UV, okwenza kube lukhetho oluhle kakhulu kwiiprojekthi zangaphandle.
- I-polyurethane yoma ngokukhawuleza kwaye kulula ukuyifaka, iyenza ibe yinto efanelekileyo kwiiprojekthi ezikhawulezayo.
IiPros and Cons of Varnish
I-Varnish isetyenziswe njengokugqiba iinkuni ngeenkulungwane, kwaye ngenxa yesizathu esihle. Nazi ezinye iingenelo kunye neengozi zokusebenzisa ivanishi:
eziluncedo:
- I-varnish idala isiphelo esihle, sendalo esivumela ukuba iinkozo zokhuni zibonise.
- Inika ukhuseleko olugqwesileyo kwi-elementi, iyenza ilungele ukusetyenziswa ngaphandle.
- I-Varnish iguquguqukayo kwaye ingasetyenziselwa kwiindidi ezininzi zeenkuni, ukusuka kwifenitshala ukuya kwiidekhi.
bendlela:
- I-Varnish ingaba nzima ukuyisebenzisa ngokulinganayo, kwaye ukufezekisa ubukhulu obufunwayo kunokuba ngumngeni.
- Ukufakwa kwesanti rhoqo kunye nokupolisha kuyafuneka ukuze isiphelo sibonakale sisitsha.
- I-varnish inokuziva incangathi okanye ibambekile ekuchukumiseni, nto leyo abanye abantu abayifumanisa ingathandeki.
isiphelo
I-Varnish yingubo ecacileyo esetyenziswe kumgangatho wokuphucula ukubonakala kwayo kunye nokukhusela kumonakalo.
Kulungile isixhobo sabenzi bomthi (ezibaluleke ngakumbi apha) kunye namagcisa, kwaye kukho ivanishi yeprojekthi nganye kunye nayo yonke imfuno. Khawukhumbule nje ukukhetha uhlobo oluchanekileyo kwaye ulusebenzise ngokufanelekileyo kwiziphumo ezilungileyo.
NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weZixhobo zeGqirha, umthengisi womxholo, kunye notata. Ndiyathanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha, kwaye kunye neqela lam ndiye ndenza amanqaku ebhlog anzulu ukusukela ngo-2016 ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngezixhobo kunye neengcebiso zokwenza.
