IVinyl yi izinto yenziwe ngepolyvinyl chloride esetyenziswa kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo ukusuka emgangathweni ukuya eludongeni ukusonga. Yimathiriyeli eguquguqukayo esetyenziswe amashumi eminyaka. Yimathiriyeli yeplastiki esetyenziswe kuyo yonke into ukusuka kwiirekhodi ukuya kwiingcingo zombane ukuya kwintambo yokugquma.
Kwikhemistri, ivinyl okanye i-ethenyl liqela elisebenzayo −CH=CH2, elizezi imolekyuli ye-ethylene (H2C=CH2) thabatha iathomu ye-hydrogen enye. Igama likwasetyenziswa kuyo nayiphi na indibaniselwano equlathe elo qela, eyile R−CH=CH2 apho u-R ilelona naliphi na iqela leathom.
Ke, yintoni ivinyl? Masingene kwimbali kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesi sixhobo sisebenza ngeendlela ezininzi.
Kule posi siza kugubungela:
- Masithethe ngeVinyl: IGroovy World yePolyvinyl Chloride
- Ukusuka kwiGranulate ukuya kwiVinyl eNxulubilikayo: Inkqubo yokuDala iMathiriyeli eLungileyo nefikelelekayo
- UkuSetyenziswa okuninzi kweVinyl: Isixhobo esiNyezo
- Ukusebenza ngeVinyl: Isikhokelo esiluncedo
- Ngaba iVinyl ikhuselekile ngokwenene? Masifumanise
- Umjikelo woBomi weVinyl: Ukusukela kwiNdalo ukuya kuLahla
- IVinyl: iRekhodi eNgekho-Ngoko-Ngoko-Singqongileyo
- isiphelo
Masithethe ngeVinyl: IGroovy World yePolyvinyl Chloride
IVinyl luhlobo lweplastiki oluqulunqwe ikakhulu ngepolyvinyl chloride (PVC). Isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kuluhlu lweemveliso ukusuka kwi-flooring ukuya kwi-siding ukuya ekugqumeni udonga. Xa imveliso ibizwa ngokuba yi "vinyl," idla ngokuba yi-shorthand yePVC yeplastiki.
Imbali yeVinyl
Igama elithi "vinyl" livela kwigama lesiLatini elithi "vinum," elithetha iwayini. Eli gama laqala ukusetyenziswa ngeminyaka yoo-1890 ukubhekisa kudidi lweplastiki eyenziwe nge-oyile ekrwada. Ngeminyaka yoo-1920, usokhemisti ogama linguWaldo Semon wafumanisa ukuba iPVC inokuguqulwa ibe yiplastiki ezinzileyo, ekwaziyo ukumelana neekhemikhali. Oku kufunyanisiweyo kukhokelele kuphuhliso lweemveliso zevinyl esizaziyo namhlanje.
IiMveliso eziPhambili ezenziwe ngeVinyl
IVinyl yimathiriyeli eguquguqukayo enokusetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso, kubandakanya:
- Umquba
- Amacala
- Ukugubungela udonga
- Ukusonga ngokuzenzekelayo
- Rekhoda iialbham
Ukudlala iiRekhodi zeVinyl
Iirekhodi zeVinyl yifomati ekumgangatho ophezulu yokudlala umculo. Ziqulunqwe ngeplastiki yePVC kwaye zicinezelwe kwii-LPs (iirekhodi ezidlala ixesha elide) ezibamba i-grooves equlethe ulwazi oluvakalayo. Iirekhodi zeVinyl zidlalwa kwi-33 1/3 okanye i-45 rpm kwaye zinokubamba iingoma ezihlukeneyo ezikhethwe ngumphulaphuli.
Ixabiso leVinyl
Iirekhodi zeVinyl zinexabiso eliphezulu kwihlabathi lomculo. Zihlala zifunwa ngabaqokeleli kunye nabathandi bomculo ngomgangatho wabo wesandi kunye nokubaluleka kwembali. Iirekhodi zeVinyl nazo ziyifomathi eyaziwayo ye-DJs kunye nabavelisi bomculo.
Iimveliso ezifanayo kwiVinyl
IVinyl isoloko isetyenziswa ngokufanayo negama elithi “irekhodi” okanye “i-albhamu.” Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iifomati zokudlala umculo ezifana nevinyl, kubandakanya:
- Iikhasethi
- IiCD
- Ukulandwa kwedatha
Ukusuka kwiGranulate ukuya kwiVinyl eNxulubilikayo: Inkqubo yokuDala iMathiriyeli eLungileyo nefikelelekayo
IVinyl luhlobo lweplastiki eyenziwe nge-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) granulate. Ukwenza i-vinyl, i-granulate ifudunyezwe kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu malunga ne-160 degrees Celsius ide ingene kwi-viscous state. Ngeli xesha, i-vinyl inokubunjwa ibe ngamaqebengwana e-vinyl amancinci anobunzima be-160 grams.
Ukubumba iVinyl
Iikeyiki zevinyl zifakwa kubumba olufudunyezwa ukuya kutsho kwi-180 degrees celsius, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ivinyl eyomeleleyo inyibilike. Emva koko i-vinyl ivunyelwe ukuba ipholile kwaye ilukhuni kwi-mold, ithathe ifom efunwayo.
Ukongeza iTyuwa kunye nePetroleum
Ukuvelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zevinyl, abavelisi banokongeza ityuwa okanye i-petroleum kumxube we-vinyl. Ubungakanani betyuwa okanye i-petroleum eyongeziweyo iya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwevinyl olufunekayo.
Ukudibanisa i-resin kunye nomgubo
Iinkqubo ze-Electrolytic zingasetyenziselwa ukubonelela nge-resin ekhuselekileyo kwaye ehambelanayo ye-vinyl. Le resin ke ixutywe kunye nomgubo ukudala ukuhambelana okufunwayo kwevinyl.
UkuSetyenziswa okuninzi kweVinyl: Isixhobo esiNyezo
IVinyl lukhetho oludumileyo kwishishini lokwakha kunye nolwakhiwo ngenxa yeendleko eziphantsi kunye nokubonelela ngokubanzi. Isetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso ezinje nge-siding, iifestile, ii-membrane zokuphahla enye, ukubiyela, ukuhombisa, ukugquma eludongeni, kunye nomgangatho. Esona sizathu siphambili sokuthandwa kwayo kukuqina kunye nokuqina, okwenza kube yinto eyomeleleyo kunye nexesha elide lokukhetha iimfuno zokwakha. Ukongezelela, i-vinyl idinga ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi okuphantsi kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi xa kuthelekiswa nezinto zendabuko ezifana neenkuni kunye nentsimbi.
Umbane kunye nocingo
IVinyl nayo iyinto ephambili kwishishini lombane, apho isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukuvelisa i-wire kunye ne-cable insulation ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezintle zombane. Ifumaneka kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo kunye neefom, okwenza ukuba zilungele uluhlu olubanzi lweemfuno. Ukuveliswa kocingo lwe-vinyl kunye nokufakelwa kwentambo kuye kwanda ngezigidi zeetoni ngonyaka ngamnye, okwenza kube yenye yezona ndawo zinkulu zokuvelisa i-vinyl.
Iphepha kunye nePolymer
Iphepha leVinyl kunye nepolymer nazo ziyimveliso ebalulekileyo kwishishini levinyl. Iphepha leVinyl lisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwimveliso yeendonga zokugubungela, umgangatho, kunye nezinye izinto zokuhombisa ngenxa yobuninzi bayo kunye nokulula ukusika indalo. I-polymer vinyl, kwelinye icala, luhlobo olutsha lwevinyl oluveliswa ukufezekisa iipropati ezinqwenelekayo ezifana nokunyuka kokusebenza, ipropati yebhayoloji, kunye noyilo lwendalo.
Umculo kunye nokuLula
IVinyl ikwafumaneka ngokuqhelekileyo kushishino lomculo, apho isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iirekhodi ngenxa yomgangatho wayo obalaseleyo wesandi. Iirekhodi zeVinyl zisathandwa phakathi kwabathandi bomculo ngenxa yesandi sabo esinamandla kunye nokulula. Ukongezelela, i-vinyl lukhetho oludumileyo kubasebenzisi abafuna ukugcinwa okuphantsi kunye nezinto ezilula ukuzisebenzisa, okwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo yokukhetha uluhlu olubanzi lweemfuno.
Iziphumo ezibi kunye noPhando
Ngelixa i-vinyl iyinto eguquguqukayo kunye nethandwayo, ayinayo imiphumo emibi. Imveliso yeVinyl kunye nokulahlwa kunokubangela ingozi kwindalo kunye nempilo yabantu, okwenza ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba iinkampani ziphande kwaye zifumane iindlela ezingcono zokuvelisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwevinyl. Uphando lwangoku lujolise ekufumaneni iindlela zokunciphisa impembelelo engalunganga ye-vinyl ngelixa igcina iimpawu zayo ezintle.
Ukusebenza ngeVinyl: Isikhokelo esiluncedo
- Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukusebenza ngevinyl, qiniseka ukuba ufumana ivenkile elungileyo ebonelela ngeemveliso ezahlukeneyo zevinyl ezivela kubenzi abahlukeneyo.
- Qwalasela uhlobo lwevinyl oludingayo kwiprojekthi yakho, njengoko kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo ezifana nevinyl eqhelekileyo, ephakathi kunye neyomeleleyo.
- Nje ukuba ube nephepha lakho le-vinyl, qala ngokulijonga ukuba kukho naziphi na izinto ezingaphezulu okanye inkunkuma enokuthi ibambelele kuyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa.
- Sika iphepha le-vinyl kwisayizi oyifunayo kunye nokumila usebenzisa i-blade echanekileyo. Khumbula ukuba uqaphele kwaye ushiye intwana yezinto ezingaphezulu ukwenza inkqubo ibe lula.
Ukongeza iVinyl kwiProjekthi yakho
- Nje ukuba iziqwenga zakho zevinyl zisikwe kubungakanani obuchanekileyo kunye nokumila, lixesha lokuzongeza kwiprojekthi yakho.
- Qinisekisa ukuba umphezulu wongeza i-vinyl kuyo icocekile kwaye yomile ngaphambi kokubeka i-vinyl kuyo.
- Qaphela ngokucophelela ukuxhaswa kwe-vinyl kwaye uyibeke phezulu, ukuqala ukusuka kwelinye icala kwaye usebenze indlela yakho ukuya kwelinye.
- Sebenzisa isixhobo esifana ne-squeegee ukucinezela ngobunono i-vinyl phezu komhlaba, uqinisekise ukuba akukho amaqamza omoya okanye imibimbi.
- Jonga i-vinyl ngamaxesha ukuqinisekisa ukuba ibambelele ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ulungelelanise njengoko kufuneka.
Ukugqibezela iProjekthi yakho yeVinyl
- Nje ukuba wongeze zonke iziqwenga zevinyl kwiprojekthi yakho, thatha inyathelo emva kwaye uwuthande umsebenzi wakho!
- Khumbula ukucoca nayiphi na imathiriyeli engaphezulu kunye nezibonelelo ozisebenzisileyo ngexesha lenkqubo.
- Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba ufuna i-vinyl okanye iimpahla ezininzi, ungakhathazeki. IVinyl ifumaneka ngokubanzi kwaye kukho abenzi abaninzi kunye neentlobo onokukhetha kuzo.
- Ngomsebenzi omncinci kunye nomonde, ukusebenza nge-vinyl kunokuba yinkqubo elula kwaye inomvuzo.
Ngaba iVinyl ikhuselekile ngokwenene? Masifumanise
Ipolyvinyl chloride, eyaziwa ngokuba yivinyl, yenye yezona plastiki zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, ikwayeyona plastiki inetyhefu kwimpilo yethu kunye nokusingqongileyo. I-PVC iqulethe imichiza eyityhefu efana ne-phthalates, ilothe, i-cadmium, kunye ne-organotins, enokubangela iingxaki zempilo ezinzulu ezifana nomhlaza, iziphene zokuzalwa, kunye nokuphazamiseka kokukhula.
Iphulo lokuphelisa iPVC
Ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-30, ezempilo ekhokelayo, ubulungisa bendalo esingqongileyo, kunye nemibutho echatshazelwe yimpilo kwilizwe liphela nakwihlabathi belikhankasela ukuyiphelisa le plastiki inetyhefu. Le mibutho ibandakanya iGreenpeace, iSierra Club, kunye neQela eliSebenzayo lokusiNgqongileyo, phakathi kwabanye. Baye bafuna ukupheliswa kwePVC kwiimveliso ezifana neethoyi, ukupakishwa, kunye nezinto zokwakha.
Indlela Yokuhlala Ukhuselekile
Ngelixa i-PVC isasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiimveliso ezininzi, kukho amanyathelo onokuwathatha ukunciphisa ukuvezwa kwakho kule plastiki inetyhefu:
- Ziphephe iimveliso ezenziwe ngePVC nanini na kunokwenzeka, ezinje ngamakhethini eshawa, umgangatho wevinyl, kunye nezinto zokudlala zeplastiki.
- Jonga iimveliso ezenziwe ngezinto ezikhuselekileyo, ezifana nerabha yendalo, abicah, okanye iglasi.
- Ukuba kufuneka usebenzise iimveliso zePVC, zama ukukhetha ezo zibhalwe “njenge-phthalate-free” okanye “i-lead-free.”
- Ukulahla ngokufanelekileyo iimveliso ze-PVC ukuthintela ukuba zikhuphe iikhemikhali eziyityhefu kwindawo engqongileyo.
Umjikelo woBomi weVinyl: Ukusukela kwiNdalo ukuya kuLahla
I-Vinyl yenziwe ngokudibanisa i-ethylene, ephuma kwigesi yendalo okanye i-petroleum, kunye ne-chlorine, efumaneka kwityuwa. I-vinyl resin enesiphumo idityaniswa kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo zokudibanisa ukuyinika iimpawu ezinqwenelekayo, ezifana nokuguquguquka, ukuqina, kunye nombala.
Ukudalwa kweeMveliso zeVinyl
Nje ukuba i-vinyl resin yenziwe, ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza iimveliso ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya:
- Umgangatho weVinyl
- Ukujikeleza kweVinyl
- Iifestile zeVinyl
- Izinto zokudlala zeVinyl
- Iirekhodi zeVinyl
Inkqubo yokuvelisa nganye yezi mveliso inokuhluka kancinci, kodwa ngokubanzi ibandakanya ukufudumeza kunye nokubumba i-vinyl resin kwifom efunwayo.
Ukunyanga kunye nokugcinwa kweeMveliso zeVinyl
Ukwandisa ixesha lokuphila kweemveliso zevinyl, kubalulekile ukuzikhathalela ngokufanelekileyo. Nanga amacebiso ambalwa:
- Coca iimveliso zevinyl rhoqo ngesepha ethambileyo kunye nesisombululo samanzi
- Kuphephe ukusebenzisa iikhemikhali ezirhabaxa okanye izicoci eziabrasive
- Gcina iimveliso ze-vinyl ngaphandle kwelanga elithe ngqo, elinokubangela ukubola kunye nokuqhekeka
- Lungisa nawuphi na umonakalo kwiimveliso ze-vinyl ngokukhawuleza ukuze uthintele ukuguga kunye nokukrazula
IVinyl: iRekhodi eNgekho-Ngoko-Ngoko-Singqongileyo
Iirekhodi zeVinyl zenziwe ngePolyvinyl chloride, okanye iPVC, eluhlobo lweplastiki. Nangona kunjalo, imveliso yePVC ayihambelani ncam nokusingqongileyo. Ngokutsho kweGreenpeace, i-PVC yeyona plastiki eyonakalisayo kokusingqongileyo ngenxa yokukhutshwa kweekhemikhali ezinetyhefu, ezisekelwe kwiklorini ngexesha lemveliso. Le michiza inokwakheka emanzini, emoyeni nakwindlela yokutya, nto leyo ebangela umonakalo ebantwini nakwizilwanyana zasendle.
Impembelelo yeVinyl kwiNdawo
Iirekhodi zeVinyl zinokuba yinto ethandekayo kubathandi bomculo, kodwa banempembelelo embi kwindalo. Nazi ezinye zeendlela ukuveliswa kwevinyl kunye nokusetyenziswa okuchaphazela ngayo okusingqongileyo:
- Imveliso ye-PVC ikhupha iikhemikhali eziyingozi emoyeni nasemanzini, igalelo kungcoliseko kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
- Iirekhodi zeVinyl azinakonakala kwaye zinokuthatha amakhulu eminyaka ukudilika kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma.
- Ukuveliswa kweerekhodi ze-vinyl kufuna ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo engahlaziywayo, njengeoli kunye negesi yendalo.
Yintoni Esinokuyenza Ngayo?
Nangona kunokubonakala ngathi akukho nto ingako sinokuyenza ukwenza imveliso yevinyl kwaye sisebenzise indalo esingqongileyo, kukho izinto ezimbalwa esinokuzenza ukwenza umahluko:
- Ukuxhasa iilebhile zerekhodi ezisebenzisa izinto ezico-friendly kunye neendlela zokuvelisa.
- Thenga iirekhodi zevinyl ezisetyenzisiweyo endaweni yezintsha ukunciphisa imfuno yemveliso entsha.
- Lahla ngokufanelekileyo iirekhodi zevinyl ezingafunwayo ngokuzihlaziya okanye ngokunikela ngazo endaweni yokuba uzilahle.
isiphelo
Ngoko ke unayo-imbali yevinyl, kwaye kutheni isaziwa kakhulu namhlanje. Yimathiriyeli eguquguqukayo esetyenziselwe yonke into ukusuka kumgangatho ukuya eludongeni ukuya kwiirekhodi zecwecwe, kwaye ibisetyenziswa ngaphezulu kwenkulungwane. Ke kwixesha elizayo xa ubona imveliso yevinyl, uya kuyazi kakuhle ukuba yintoni na!
NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weZixhobo zeGqirha, umthengisi womxholo, kunye notata. Ndiyathanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha, kwaye kunye neqela lam ndiye ndenza amanqaku ebhlog anzulu ukusukela ngo-2016 ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngezixhobo kunye neengcebiso zokwenza.
