Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba yintoni enika ikhandlela lakho olithandayo ukuguda kwalo kunye nokugqiba okukhazimlayo? Okanye ingaba i-lipstick oyithandayo ihlala njani imini yonke? Impendulo ikwisithako esinye esiqhelekileyo: umthwebeba. Iwax yinto esebenza ngeendlela ezininzi eyenziwe ngezinto zendalo ezifana nezityalo nezilwanyana, kwaye isetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo.
Iiwax zihlala ziqinile kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi kwaye zinendawo yokunyibilika ephezulu. Zingenziwa kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo, kodwa zonke zabelana ngeempawu ezifanayo zokwenza into eqinileyo kwaye igudileyo, kunye nokwenza ukuba ibengezele. Oku kwenza iwax ibe sisithako esibalulekileyo kwiimveliso ezininzi, kubandakanya izinto zokuthambisa, ukutya, kunye namakhandlela.
Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-wax kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo, ukusuka kwizinto zokuthambisa ukuya ekutyeni ukuya kubugcisa. Uya kufunda malunga neempawu ezizodwa ze-bewax, ukuguquguquka kwe-wax yesoya, kunye nobuhle be-carnauba wax. Ke, masingene kwihlabathi elinomdla lewax kwaye sifumanise ukuba yintoni eyenza ibaluleke kangaka.
Kule posi siza kugubungela:
I-Wax: Into eNcangathi ePakisha i-Punch
I-wax ibhekisa kudidi olwahlukeneyo lwekhompawundi eziphilayo ezine-lipophilic, izinto eziqinileyo ezithambileyo ezikufutshane namaqondo obushushu akwindawo engqongileyo. Ziquka iialkanes eziphezulu kunye neelipids, ezineendawo zokunyibilika ngaphezulu kwe-40 °C, zinyibilika ukunika ulwelo lwe-viscosity ephantsi. I-wax luhlobo lwento eqinileyo egxininise kakhulu kwaye inamandla, ibangela ukuthungwa okuncangathi kunokuba nzima ukusebenza.
Iintlobo zeWax
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-wax, nganye ihambelanayo kunye nokuthungwa kwayo. Ezinye zezona ntlobo zidumileyo ze-wax ziquka:
- I-Wax ecocekileyo: Olu hlobo lwe-wax lwenziwe kwiikhompawundi zezityalo ezicocekileyo kwaye aluqulathanga naziphi na izongezo okanye iikhemikhali.
- I-Wax emnyama: Olu hlobo lwe-wax lwenziwa kumagqabi esityalo se-cannabis kwaye saziwa ngokuba namandla aphezulu.
- I-Dab Wax: Olu hlobo lwe-wax lwenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-extraction, ebandakanya ukuphazamisa izinto zesityalo ukuze kubangele ukuba ioli ibe yikristale. Imveliso ephumayo yi-gooey substance elukhuni kunewax esulungekileyo kodwa ithambe kunewax evuthulukayo.
Ukwenziwa kweWax
Inkqubo yokwenza i-wax inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-wax eveliswayo. Nangona kunjalo, indlela eqhelekileyo ibandakanya ukukhupha iikhompawundi kwizinto zesityalo kwaye emva koko uhlambulule imveliso ephuma kuyo nayiphi na i-solvents eseleyo. Le nkqubo iphumela kwimveliso egxininiswe kakhulu elungele abasebenzisi abafuna amava okukhawulezayo nanamandla kakhulu.
Ukunyanzeliswa kunye namandla
Ii-arhente zokunyanzeliswa ziye zabika ukuba iisampulu ze-wax zine-avareji ye-70-90% ye-THC, eyenza enye yeendlela ezinamandla kakhulu ze-cannabis ezikhoyo. Uxinzelelo lwe-THC kwi-wax lunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-wax eveliswayo, kunye nezinye iindidi eziqulethe ukuya kuthi ga kwi-99% THC.
Ibali eliNcincisayo leNdlela yeWax eyabakho ngayo
Iiwax bezisetyenziswa ngabantu kangangeenkulungwane, kodwa zazivela phi? Nantsi imbali emfutshane yokuba iwax yendalo yabakho njani:
- Izityalo: Iwax yendalo inokufunyanwa kwizityalo ezifana neembotyi zesoya, imithi yesundu, kunye nejojoba. Le wax itsalwa kwiimbewu, emagqabini okanye kwiziqhamo zesityalo yaye isetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso eyahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka izinto zokuthambisa, amakhandlela nokutya.
- Izilwanyana: Omnye umthombo wewax yendalo zizilwanyana. Ngokomzekelo, umkhaba wenyosi uveliswa ziinyosi ukuze zakhe izisele zazo. I-Lanolin, into efana ne-wax, iphuma kwisikhumba segusha kwaye isetyenziswa kwiimveliso zokunakekelwa kwesikhumba.
Ukusuka kwiPetroleum ukuya kwiSynthetics: Imvelaphi yeeWaxes zokwenziwa
Nangona iiwax zendalo bezikho kangangeenkulungwane, iiwax zokwenziwa ziyinto entsha. Nantsi indlela eze ngayo:
- I-petroleum: Iiwax zokwenziwa zithathwe kwi-petroleum, i-fossil fuel. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukusulungekiswa kwe-oyile ekrwada ukuvelisa iindidi ngeendidi zewax ezineempawu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba.
- I-Synthetics: Ukongeza kwi-wax esekwe kwi-petroleum, ii-wax zokwenziwa zingenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo. Ezi wax zenziwe ngokudibanisa imichiza eyahlukeneyo ukuvelisa into efana ne-wax.
Ukuwekisa: Ukusetyenziswa kweWax yangoku
Namhlanje, iwax isetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo, kuquka izinto zokuthambisa, amakhandlela nokutya. Enye yezona zinto ziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwe-wax kukususa iinwele. Ukuweksa kubandakanya ukufaka iwax eshushu esikhumbeni uze uyisuse, kunye neenwele, ukushiya ulusu lugudile kwaye lungenaenwele. I-waxing inokwenziwa kunye ne-wax yendalo kunye neyokwenziwa, kwaye uhlobo ngalunye lunesethi yalo yezinto ezibonakalayo kunye neempawu.
I-Wax Chemistry: Iimolekyuli eziNgxaki eziKhonza uMsebenzi olula
Iiwax luhlobo lwelipid equlathe iasidi enamafutha omde edityaniswe kwikhonkco elide lotywala. I-alcohol inokuqulatha naphi na ukusuka kwi-12 ukuya kwi-32 i-athomu ye-carbon, kwaye i-asidi enamafutha inokuqulatha iindidi ze-aliphatic (i-straight-chain) okanye i-cyclic (i-ring-shaped) izakhiwo. Iqondo lokuhluthwa kwe-asidi enamafutha liyahluka, kunye namanye ama-wax aqulethe ibhondi enye kuphela phakathi kwe-athomu ye-carbon (ihluthi), ngelixa ezinye ziqulethe iibhondi eziphindwe kabini (ezingenasiphelo).
Iiwax kwiNdalo
Iiwax zifumaneka kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zebhayoloji kwindalo, kubandakanywa umphezulu wezityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Basebenza umsebenzi ophambili njengento enqabileyo, ekhuselayo ekhuselayo enceda ukuxhathisa amanzi kunye nezinye izinto zokusingqongileyo. Eminye imizekelo yeewax ezifumaneka kwindalo ziquka:
- Umkhaba wenyosi, oveliswa ziinyosi ukwakha amanqatha azo obusi
- I-Carnauba wax, eveliswa ngamagqabi omthi wesundu we-carnauba
- I-Lanolin, eveliswa ngamadlala e-sebaceous egusha kwaye isetyenziswa kwizinto zokuthambisa kunye neemveliso zokhathalelo lwesikhumba
- I-Cutin, i-polymer ene-waxy efumaneka kwi-cuticle yamagqabi esityalo kunye neziqu
Iimpawu zeMichiza yeeWax
Ii-wax zihlala ziqinile kwiqondo lokushisa legumbi kwaye zinezinga eliphezulu lokunyibilika, ezivumela ukuba zisebenze njengento yokugcina amandla kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo. Eyona ndawo yokunyibilika kwewax ixhomekeke kulwakhiwo lwekhemikhali, enamatyathanga amade kunye neebhondi ezigcweleyo ezikhokelela kwiindawo eziphezulu zokunyibilika. Iiwax zikwaqhelekile ukuba yi-hydrophobic, okuthetha ukuba azinyibiliki emanzini.
Ukusetyenziswa kweeWax kwimizi-mveliso
Iiwax zineendlela ezininzi zokusetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso, kubandakanya:
- Ukwenza amakhandlela, apho iiwax ezifana nekhava okanye iparafini zisetyenziswa njengeyona nto iphambili
- Ukuveliswa kokutya, apho i-wax isetyenziselwa ukugquma okanye ukugcinwa kweentlobo ezithile zokutya
- Izithambiso kunye neemveliso zokhathalelo lomntu, apho i-wax isetyenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuqina okanye ukubonelela ngomqobo wokukhusela ulusu.
- Iipolishi kunye neengubo, apho i-wax isetyenziselwa ukunika umaleko okhuselayo okanye ukukhanya kwimigangatho efana nemigangatho, iimoto kunye nefenitshala.
- Iphepha kunye noshicilelo, apho i-wax isetyenziselwa ukulawula ukufunxwa kwe-inki kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wokushicilela
Iiwax kumalahle kunye nePetroleum
Ii-wax zikwafumaneka kwiidiphozithi zamalahle kunye ne-petroleum, apho zihlala zibizwa ngokuba "zii-wax ezimnyama" ngenxa yombala wazo. Ezi wax ngokuqhelekileyo ziyimixube entsonkothileyo yeemolekyuli kwaye aziqondwa kakuhle njengeeweksi zendalo. Nangona kunjalo, zisabaluleke kakhulu njengoko zinokusetyenziswa njengezixhobo zokuqala zeemveliso ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya izinto zokuthambisa, iiplastiki, kunye nezinye izinto zoshishino.
Ukusetyenziswa okuninzi kwe-Wax: Ngakumbi kuneyokukhuselwa nje
I-wax isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zokugqiba kunye amalaphu, ukusuka kwi-wax yemoto ukuya kugqitywa kwesikhumba. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukukhusela umphezulu kumanzi kunye nezinye izinto. I-wax inokuqulatha iikhompawundi ezibonelela ngeenzuzo ezongezelelweyo, ezifana nokukhuselwa kwe-UV okanye iipropati ezichasayo. Olunye usetyenziso oluqhelekileyo lwe-wax ekugqityweni kunye neengubo ziquka:
- Okuphakathi ekudaleni ukugqiba ngokwesiko
- Vala imiphetho yeenkuni kunye nesikhumba
- Ukugqiba ukugxotha amanzi kwizinto zangaphandle
- Ukugqitywa okuqinileyo kwemigangatho kunye nefenitshala
- Ukugqitywa okukodwa kobugcisa kunye nemisebenzi yezandla
Iwax kwiMveliso
I-wax ikwayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokwenziwa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa njenge-arhente yokukhulula ukungunda, kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezincamathelayo, ii-inki kunye neepeyinti. Ezinye iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwe-wax kwimveliso ziquka:
- Ukwakha iimold for casting metal parts
- Ukudala i-adhesives yesiko kwizicelo ezithile
- Ukwenza isiseko sepeyinti kunye neenki
- Ukulawula iqondo lobulukhuni kwizinto eziphathekayo
Iwax ekutyeni nakwezinye izinto
I-wax ayisetyenziswanga nje kwizicelo zemizi-mveliso- ikwafumaneka rhoqo ekutyeni nakwezinye izinto zemihla ngemihla. Ezinye iintlobo zewax zithathwa njengento emnandi, kwaye zinokubiza kakhulu. Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kwe-wax ekutyeni nakwezinye izinto kubandakanya:
- Ukugquma iziqhamo kunye nemifuno ukwandisa ubomi babo beshelufu
- Ukwenza umaleko wangaphandle weentlobo ezithile zeeshizi
- Ukwenza iqokobhe eliqinileyo kwiilekese kunye neetshokolethi
- Ukubonelela ngengubo yokukhusela kwiipilisi kunye neepilisi
Natural vs. Synthetic Wax
Iwax inokuveliswa kwizinto ezahlukahlukeneyo zendalo, kuquka amalahle, irayisi, kwaneoli ebomvu yesundu. Iiwax zokwenziwa zikwakhona, kwaye zenziwa ngokwesiqhelo kwikhonkco elintsonkothileyo lokusabela kweekhemikhali. Uhlobo lwe-wax olusetyenzisiweyo luxhomekeke kumsebenzi ojoliswe kuwo, kunye nomgangatho wolawulo olufunekayo kwiipropati zalo. Olunye ulwahlulo oluphambili phakathi kwe-wax yendalo kunye neyenziweyo ibandakanya:
- Iwax yendalo ngokuqhelekileyo icingelwa ukuba ihambelana nokusingqongileyo
- I-wax ye-Synthetic inokuhambelana ngakumbi kwiipropati zayo
- I-wax yendalo isenokungabi nayo ikhonkco elikhulu lamacandelo afumaneka kwi-wax yokwenziwa
isiphelo
Yiloo nto ke iwax eyiyo – into eyenziwe ngezityalo okanye izilwanyana esetyenziselwa ukukhusela nokupholisha umphezulu. Isetyenzisiwe kangangeenkulungwane ngeenjongo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwikhandlela ukuya kwizinto zokuthambisa ukuya kukutya.
Awukwazi ukungahambi kakuhle ngokuwaksa okuncinci ngoku kwaye emva koko!
NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weZixhobo zeGqirha, umthengisi womxholo, kunye notata. Ndiyathanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha, kwaye kunye neqela lam ndiye ndenza amanqaku ebhlog anzulu ukusukela ngo-2016 ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngezixhobo kunye neengcebiso zokwenza.
