Umoya oMhlophe: Ubutyhefu, iiPropati zoMzimba, kunye nokunye

Umoya omhlophe (UK) okanye imimoya yezimbiwa (US), eyaziwa ngokuba yi-mineral turpentine, indawo ye-turpentine, imimoya yepetroleum, isolvent naphtha (petroleum), varsol, Stoddard solvent, okanye, ngokubanzi, “ukupeyinta thinner”, lulwelo oluphuma kwi-petroleum olucacileyo, noluselubala olusetyenziswa njengesinyibilikisi esiqhelekileyo sendalo ekupeyinteni nasekuhombiseni.

Umxube we-aliphatic kunye ne-alicyclic C7 ukuya kwi-C12 hydrocarbons, umoya omhlophe usetyenziswa njenge-solvent extraction, njenge-solvent yokucoca, njenge-solvent ye-degreasing kunye ne-solvent kwi-aerosols, ipende, i-preservatives yokhuni, i-lacquers, i-varnishes, kunye nemveliso ye-asphalt.

Kweli nqaku, ndiza kuchaza indlela umoya omhlophe osetyenziswa ngayo kwaye sabelane ngeengcebiso zokhuseleko.

Yazi iiMpahla zoMnyama zoMoya oMhlophe

Umoya omhlophe lulwelo olungenambala kwaye alinavumba. Le propathi iyenza ibe sisinyibilikisi esifanelekileyo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukucolwa kwepeyinti, ukucocwa, kunye nokwehlisa igrisi.

Umxube weMichiza

Umoya omhlophe ngumxube wemichiza eyaziwa ngokuba yipetroleum hydrocarbons. Ukubunjwa ngokuchanekileyo komxube kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nebakala lomoya omhlophe.

Ubuninzi kunye nobunzima

Ubuninzi bomoya omhlophe bumalunga ne-0.8-0.9 g/cm³, into ethetha ukuba ikhaphukhaphu kunamanzi. Ubunzima bomoya omhlophe buxhomekeke kumthamo kunye nobuninzi.

Ukubilisa kunye nokuguquguquka

Umoya omhlophe unomlinganiselo wokubilisa we-140-200 ° C, oku kuthetha ukuba uphuphuma ngokukhawuleza kwiqondo lokushisa. Le propati yenza i-solvent eguquguqukayo enokuthi idibanise lula nomoya.

IiPropati zeMolekyuli kunye neRefraction

Umoya omhlophe unobunzima be-molecular 150-200 g / mol, oku kuthetha ukuba yi-molecule elula. Kananjalo unoluhlu lwe-refractive index ye-1.4-1.5, oku kuthetha ukuba inokugoba ukukhanya.

Viscosity kunye nokunyibilika

Umoya omhlophe une-viscosity ephantsi, oku kuthetha ukuba uhamba ngokulula. Ikwasisinyibilikisi esilungileyo kwiikhompawundi ezininzi ze-organic, kubandakanya ioyile, amafutha, kunye nentlaka.

Ukuphinda kusebenze kunye nokusabela

How to strip wire fast

Share

Watch on

Umoya omhlophe ngokuqhelekileyo ngumchiza ozinzileyo ongadibaniyo nezinto ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, inokusabela kunye nee-oxidizing agents ezinamandla, ezifana ne-chlorine kunye ne-bromine.

IYurophu kunye neMimiselo yoMoya

EYurophu, umoya omhlophe ulawulwa ngummiselo we-REACH (uBhaliso, uVavanyo, uGunyaziso, kunye noThintelo lweMichiza). Ikwaxhomekeke kwimigaqo yongcoliseko lomoya ngenxa yobume bayo obuguquguqukayo.

Umoya oMhlophe: iSwiss Army Knife of Solvents

Umoya omhlophe, okwaziwa ngokuba yimineral spirit, sisinyibilikisi esisebenza ngeendlela ezininzi esinoluhlu olubanzi losetyenziso. Ezinye zezona zinto ziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa komoya omhlophe ziquka:

• Njengomntu obhityileyo wepeyinti esekwe kwioyile, ivanishi, kunye newax.
• Njengearhente yokucoca iibrashi, iirola, kunye nezinye izixhobo zokupeyinta.
• Njenge-degreaser yemigangatho yesinyithi.
• Njengento enyibilikayo yokuprinta ii-inki kunye neetoni zolwelo lokufotokopa.
• Kwimizi-mveliso, isetyenziselwa ukucoca, ukususa amafutha, kunye nokutsalwa kweziyobisi.

Kutheni uMoya oMhlophe usesona sisombululo sigqibeleleyo sokuCoca

Umoya omhlophe sisisombululo esihle kakhulu sokucoca ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo:

• Sisinyibilikisi esinamandla esinokunyibilika kwaye sisuse nawona mabala aqinileyo kunye neentsalela.
• Iba ngumphunga ngokukhawuleza, ingashiyi ntsalela ngasemva.
• Ayina kudla kwaye ikhuselekile ukuba isetyenziswe kwiindawo ezininzi.
• Ayibizi kakhulu kwaye ifumaneka ngokubanzi.

Usetyenziswa njani uMoya oMhlophe ukuCoca

Nanga amanye amacebiso okusebenzisa umoya omhlophe ukucoca:

• Ukucoca iibhulashi kunye nezinye izixhobo zokupeyinta, uthele ixabiso elincinci lomoya omhlophe kwisitya kwaye ucofe izixhobo imizuzu embalwa. Emva koko, sebenzisa isicoci sebrashi okanye isepha ukususa nayiphi na intsalela eseleyo.
• Ukucoca iindawo zentsimbi, sebenzisa umoya omncinci omhlophe kwilaphu elicocekileyo kwaye usule ubuso obucocekileyo.
• Xa usebenzisa umoya omhlophe, hlala usebenza kwindawo enomoya kwaye unxibe iiglavu ukukhusela ulusu lwakho.

Ubutyhefu boMoya oMhlophe: Ukuqonda imingcipheko

Umoya omhlophe, okwaziwa ngokuba yi-mineral spirit okanye i-Stoddard solvent, sisinyibilikisi esisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwimizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo kunye nezicelo zasekhaya. Ngelixa sisicoci esisebenzayo kunye ne-degreaser, kubalulekile ukuqonda imingcipheko yempilo enokubakho ehambelana nokusetyenziswa kwayo.

Ubutyhefu obubukhali

• Umoya omhlophe uthathwa njengento eyityhefu ngenxa yetyhefu ebukhali, oku kuthetha ukuba unokubangela iziphumo ezinobungozi emva kokuvezwa kanye.
• Ukungenwa ngumoya omhlophe kunokukhokelela kuxinzelelo lwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo, okukhokelela ekozeleni, ukucotha kolungelelwaniso, kwaye ekugqibeleni kukho isiqaqa.
• Ukuphefumla umoya omhlophe olwelo kunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu emiphungeni obizwa ngokuba yi-pneumonitis, onokuthi wenzeke ukuba ulwelo lusezele ngqo emiphungeni, umzekelo, ekusezeleni umhlanzo emva kokuginya umoya omhlophe.
• Ukudibana kwesikhumba nomoya omhlophe kunokubangela ukucaphuka kunye ne-dermatitis.

Ubutyhefu obungapheliyo

• Ubutyhefu obungapheliyo bubhekisa kwiziphumo ezinobungozi ezibangelwa kukuvezwa okuphindaphindiweyo okanye ixesha elide kwinto ethile ngexesha elide.
• Ukuba sesichengeni somoya omhlophe emsebenzini kuye kwanxulunyaniswa neengxaki zempilo ezahlukeneyo, ezibandakanya iingxaki zentliziyo, inkumbulo kunye nemiba yokugxila, kunye nokucaphuka okwandileyo.
• Uphononongo luye lwaphawula ukuba abapeyinti abasebenzisa umoya omhlophe ixesha elide banokuba semngciphekweni wokufumana i-chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), isifo se-neurodeergenerative esinokukhokelela kukukhubazeka kunye nokutshintsha ubuntu.
• I-Nordic Occupational Exposure Limit yomoya omhlophe imiselwe kumyinge woxinaniso we-350 mg/m3 kusuku lweeyure ezisibhozo zomsebenzi, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba ukuchanabeka ixesha elide kumoya omhlophe ophezulu kunokuba yingozi kwimpilo yabantu.

Amanyathelo okhuseleko

• Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wetyhefu yomoya omhlophe, kubalulekile ukulandela amanyathelo okhuseleko xa usebenzisa i-solvent.
• Sebenzisa umoya omhlophe kwiindawo ezinomoya owaneleyo okanye iindawo ezivaliweyo ezixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokungenisa umoya ukuthintela ukuphefumla kwe-solvent.
• Nxiba iiglavu zokhuselo kunye nempahla ukuthintela ukudibana kwesikhumba nomoya omhlophe.
• Kuphephe ukuginya umoya omhlophe, kwaye ufune unyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba ukungeniswa okanye ukulangazelela kuzisa.
• Ukuba usebenza ngomoya omhlophe emsebenzini, landela izikhokelo zempilo nokhuseleko emsebenzini ukuze unciphise ukuba sesichengeni kunye nomngcipheko wokuba netyhefu.

Ukusebenzisa uMoya oMhlophe kwiVenkile ye-DIY: Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi

Ewe, ungasebenzisa umoya omhlophe kwivenkile ye-DIY njengepeyinti encinci okanye i-solvent. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezithile ekufuneka uzigcine engqondweni ngaphambi kokuba uyisebenzise.

Kutheni uMoya oMhlophe usenokungabi lolona khetho lulungileyo kuwe

Umoya omhlophe sisinyibilikisi esithandwayo esisetyenziselwa ukubhitya nokususa ipeyinti, ipolishi kunye nezinye izinto. Nangona kunjalo, inokuba nevumba elinamandla elinokubangela isiyezi okanye isicaphucaphu. Ukongezelela, ukubonakaliswa kwexesha elide kumoya omhlophe kunokubangela ukudibanisa ne-dermatitis, okwenza kube yinkxalabo yokhuseleko lokusetyenziswa rhoqo.

Iimveliso ezizezinye ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

Ukuba ufuna ukunqanda i-downsides yomoya omhlophe, kukho ezinye iimveliso zokuqwalasela. Ezinye zezi ziquka:

• Mineral spirits: Indawo yomoya omhlophe ongenatyhefu kwaye onevumba elibi.
• I-Turpentine: Isinyibilikisi semveli esisulungekiswe kakhulu kwaye sisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwipeyinti yeoli. Iyaziwa ngobuchule bayo obugqwesileyo bokudiliza ipeyinti kunye nepolisha.
• Izinyibilikisi ezisekelwe kwisitrasi: Enye indlela yendalo entsha ngokufanelekileyo kwaye icetyiswa kakhulu ziingcali. Iqulathe umxube wamaxolo e-citrus peel kwaye ikhuselekile ukusebenzisa kunezinyibilikisi zesintu.

Umahluko phakathi koMoya oMhlophe kunye neeMveliso ezizezinye

Nangona umoya omhlophe ukhethwa ngabantu abaninzi, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba akuyena kuphela ukhetho olukhoyo. Nazi ezinye iiyantlukwano phakathi komoya omhlophe kunye neemveliso ezizezinye:

• Imimoya yamaminerali lukhetho olukhuselekileyo lokusetyenziswa rhoqo kwaye lunevumba elibi.
• I-Turpentine icocwe kakhulu kwaye iqhele ukusetyenziswa kwipeyinti yeoli, ngokungafaniyo nomoya omhlophe osetyenziselwa izinto ezahlukeneyo.
• Izinyibilikisi ezisekelwe kwiCitrus yimveliso emitsha ecetyiswa kakhulu ziingcali ngeempawu zayo zendalo kunye neenzuzo zokhuseleko.

Ukukhetha i-Solvent eLungileyo: Umoya omhlophe vs. Turpentine

Xa kuziwa kwi-oyile yokupeyinta izinyibilikisi, umoya omhlophe kunye ne-turpentine zezona zikhetho ziqhelekileyo. Ngelixa zombini zinokunceda ukufezekisa ukuhambelana okufanelekileyo kwaye zinyibilikise amasuntswana epeyinti eqinile, kukho ukungafani okuphambili ekufuneka kuqwalaselwe:

• Umoya omhlophe wenziwa ngepetroleum distillate, ngelixa iturpentine yenziwe ngentlaka yendalo ekhutshwa emithini.
• Umoya omhlophe ubonwa ukhuselekile kwaye unetyhefu encinci kune-turpentine, kodwa nawo awunawo amandla.
• I-Turpentine ivakalelwa ngakumbi kwizixhobo ezithambileyo kunye nezikhethekileyo zetsimbi, ngelixa umoya omhlophe womelele kwaye kulula ukuwucoca.
• Ukhetho phakathi kokubini luxhomekeke kwiimfuno zakho kunye nenqanaba lovakalelo lomsebenzi wakho.

Ukukhetha isinyibilikisi esiLungileyo soMsebenzi wakho

Xa kuziwa ekukhetheni phakathi komoya omhlophe kunye ne-turpentine, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uziqwalasele:

• Uhlobo lwepeyinti oyisebenzisayo: Ezinye iipeyinti zifuna uhlobo oluthile lwesinyibilikisi, ngoko qiniseka ukuba ufunda imiyalelo yomenzi ngononophelo.
• Inqanaba lovakalelo lomsebenzi wakho: Ukuba usebenza kwindawo ebuthathaka okanye ethile, i-turpentine inokuba lolona khetho lulungileyo. Ukuba usebenza kwindawo enzima okanye ekunzima ukufikelela kuyo, umoya omhlophe unokuba lula ukuwusebenzisa.
• Inkqubo yokugcina: Umoya omhlophe unokugcinwa ngaphandle komonakalo omkhulu, ngelixa i-turpentine kufuneka ibekwe kwindawo eqinile kunye neyodwa ukukhusela umonakalo okanye ukulimala komzimba.
• Ukufumaneka kwimarike: Umoya omhlophe uxhaphake kakhulu kwaye uyafumaneka kwimarike, ngelixa i-turpentine inokufuna umzamo othe kratya wokufumana inguqulelo esulungekileyo neyimfuneko.
• Ukugcinwa kunye neemfuno zokusetyenziswa: Umoya omhlophe kulula ukuwugcina kunye nokusetyenziswa, ngelixa i-turpentine idinga inkqubo ecokisekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa.

Ukuthintela Umonakalo kunye nokuPhunyezwa kwesiphumo esigqibeleleyo

Nokuba yeyiphi i-solvent oyikhethayo, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uzikhumbule ukunqanda umonakalo kunye nokufezekisa iziphumo ezigqibeleleyo:

• Jonga uhlobo kunye nebakala le-solvent ngaphambi kokuyixuba nepeyinti yakho.
• Sebenzisa ubungakanani obufanelekileyo be-solvent ukufezekisa ukuhambelana okufanelekileyo.
• Qaphela xa usebenzisa i-solvent, njengoko inokuchaphazela umphumo wokugqibela.
• Coca izixhobo zakho ngokufanelekileyo emva kokusetyenziswa ukuthintela naziphi na iintwana zepeyinti ukuba zingabambeki.
• Isinyibilikisi sigcine kude kuwo nawuphi na umthombo wobushushu okanye idangatye ukuthintela nayiphi na ingozi yomlilo.

Yintoni omawuyenze ukuba udibana noMoya oMhlophe

Umoya omhlophe sisinyibilikisi esiqhelekileyo esisetyenziswa kwiimveliso zabathengi ezifana neepeyinti kunye neevanishi. Ukuba uthe ngempazamo wadibana nomoya omhlophe, nazi iingcebiso eziqhelekileyo onokuzilandela:

• Zikhusele ngokunxiba iiglavu, iiglasi, kunye nemaski ukuba kunokwenzeka.
• Ukuba ungenise umoya omhlophe, musa ukukugabha. Funa iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza.
• Ukuba uphefumle umoya omhlophe, hamba uye kwindawo engenamoya kwaye ufune iingcebiso zonyango ukuba ufumana iziphumo ezibi zempilo.
• Ukuba umoya omhlophe ungcolise impahla yakho, yisuse impahla uze uyihlambe ngesepha namanzi.
• Ukuba umoya omhlophe udibana nolusu lwakho, hlamba indawo echaphazelekayo ngesepha namanzi.
• Ukuba umoya omhlophe udibana namehlo akho, nkcenkceshela ngamanzi ubuncinane imizuzu eyi-15 kwaye ufune iingcebiso zonyango.

Ukubonakaliswa emsebenzini

Abo basebenza ngomoya omhlophe kwindawo yobuchwephesha kufuneka balandele imilinganiselo eyongezelelweyo yokhuseleko:

• Qinisekisa ukuba indawo leyo inomoya owaneleyo kwaye unxibe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela.
• Yilumkele imida ekhuselekileyo yokuba sesichengeni kwaye uqinisekise ukuba iyanyanzeliswa kwindawo osebenza kuyo.
• Ukuba uye waginya okanye uphefumlele umoya omhlophe, funa unyango ngokukhawuleza.
• Ukuba umoya omhlophe ungcolise impahla yakho, yisuse impahla uze uyihlambe ngesepha namanzi.
• Ukuba umoya omhlophe udibana nolusu lwakho, hlamba indawo echaphazelekayo ngesepha namanzi.
• Ukuba umoya omhlophe udibana namehlo akho, nkcenkceshela ngamanzi ubuncinane imizuzu eyi-15 kwaye ufune iingcebiso zonyango.

isiphelo

Ke, yiloo nto umoya omhlophe - isinyibilikisi esekwe kwipetroleum esisetyenziselwa ukucoca nokupeyinta. Ngumzekelo ogqibeleleyo wento engeyongozi enokuba yingozi xa isetyenziswe ngokungafanelekanga. Ke, lumka kwaye wonwabe nayo!

NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weZixhobo zeGqirha, umthengisi womxholo, kunye notata. Ndiyathanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha, kwaye kunye neqela lam ndiye ndenza amanqaku ebhlog anzulu ukusukela ngo-2016 ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngezixhobo kunye neengcebiso zokwenza.