I-Acrylic: Ukuqonda Impahla, Ukusetshenziswa Kwayo, Nokwenziwa

I-Acrylic iyi-polymer eyenziwe nge-acrylic acid namanye amakhemikhali. Isetshenziswa kukho konke kusuka kumapende kuya kumapulasitiki kuya kumazinyo okufakelwa. Kodwa kuyini ngempela? Futhi ihluke kanjani kwamanye amapulasitiki? Ake sikubheke lokho.

Konke Odinga Ukukwazi Nge-Acrylic

I-Acrylic i-polymer material eyaziwa ngokuthi ingilazi ye-acrylic. Kuyi-thermoplastic ebonakalayo esetshenziswa kabanzi ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. I-Acrylic ikhiqizwa ku-methyl methacrylate, okuyi-a Isakhi inhlanganisela. Izinto ezibonakalayo zicatshangelwa kakhulu ngenxa yamandla ayo, ukuqina, nokucaca kokubona.

Umlando we-Acrylic

I-Acrylic inomlando omude nodumile. Impahla yaqala ukukhiqizwa yinkampani ebizwa ngokuthi i-Rohm and Haas ngo-1933. Le nkampani yayingomunye wabadlali abavelele emakethe iminyaka eminingi. I-Acrylic yaba umkhiqizo odumile ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo eziphezulu zezulu uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amapulasitiki asobala. Namuhla, i-acrylic isetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni ezahlukene, futhi izinkampani eziningi zikhiqiza izinto.

Izinhlobo ze-Acrylic

I-Acrylic ifika ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo, kuye ngokuthi ifomu elifunayo kanye nesiphetho. Ezinye zezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-acrylic zihlanganisa:

• Ishidi le-Acrylic
• Amabhondi e-Acrylic
• Ama-Acrylic compounds
• I-acrylic eyomile
• I-acrylic eshisayo

Inqubo Yokukhiqiza

Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-acrylic ihlanganisa indlela evumela ukuthi impahla isetshenziswe ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Inqubo ihilela ukushisisa izinto ezingeni lokushisa elithile, okuholela ekuqedeni okuqinile nokungaguquguquki. Kuye ngokuqeda okufunayo, amasu ahlukene angasetshenziswa.

Ingozi Engaba Khona

Nakuba i-acrylic ibhekwa njengento ephephile, izinhlanganisela ezithile ezisetshenziswa ohlelweni lokukhiqiza zingadala umonakalo uma zingaphathwa kahle. Kubalulekile ukwazi ingozi engase ibe khona futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo lapho usebenza nge-acrylic.

I-Acrylic: Impahla Ehlukahlukene Enohlu Olubanzi Lwezakhiwo Nezinketho Zezinto Ezibalulekile

I-Acrylic itholakala ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo, izinhlobo, kanye nokuqedwa, okuyenza ibe yimpahla eguquguqukayo engasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni eziningi ezahlukahlukene. Ezinye zezinketho ezibonakalayo ze-acrylic zihlanganisa:

• Ishidi le-Acrylic: Ishidi le-Acrylic liyinketho ethandwayo yezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi, kufaka phakathi amaphrojekthi we-DIY, ukukhiqiza, nokuningi. Itholakala ngezinhlobonhlobo zobukhulu nobukhulu, okwenza kube lula ukuthola okulingana kahle nezidingo zakho.
• I-Acrylic fiber: I-Acrylic fiber ingenye indlela ehlukile emicu yemvelo efana noboya nokotini. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni izingubo zokugqoka, izingubo zokulala, nezinye izindwangu.
• Izintambo ze-Acrylic nezintambo zamandla: I-Acrylic iyimpahla ephelele yezintambo nezintambo zamandla ngenxa yokumelana kwayo emanzini nomthelela.
• I-Cast acrylic: I-acrylic eyi-Cast iyi-acrylic yekhwalithi ephezulu evame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu. Inomkhawulo osezingeni eliphezulu futhi kulula ukusebenza ngayo.
• I-acrylic enwetshiwe: I-acrylic enwetshiwe iyindlela engabizi kakhulu yokufaka i-acrylic. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni lapho isiphetho esiyisisekelo samukelekile.
• Izingcezu ze-Acrylic zamaphrojekthi we-DIY: Izingcezu ze-Acrylic ziyinketho enhle kumaphrojekthi we-DIY ngoba kulula ukusika nokuma. Atholakala ngebanga elibanzi losayizi nogqinsi, okwenza kube lula ukuthola okufanela kahle iphrojekthi yakho.

Ukusebenza nge-Acrylic

Lapho usebenza nge-acrylic, kunezinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekile okufanele uzikhumbule:

• Ukusika: I-Acrylic ingasikwa kusetshenziswa amathuluzi ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa amasaha, ama-routers, nama-laser cutters.
• Isibopho: Ibhondi ye-Acrylic ibopha kahle ngezinamatheliso nezincibilikisi, okwenza kube lula ukuzuza isibopho esiqinile.
• I-Thermoforming: I-Acrylic ilula ukwenza i-thermoform, okwenza kube lula ukufeza ukuhlukahluka kobukhulu nobukhulu.
• Isikhathi nezinga lokushisa: Uma usebenza nge-acrylic, kubalulekile ukukhumbula isikhathi nezimfuneko zokushisa zohlobo oluthile lwe-acrylic osebenza ngalo.

Imikhiqizo Namagama Adumile

Eminye yemikhiqizo edume kakhulu namagama emhlabeni we-acrylic afaka:

• I-Plexiglas: I-Plexiglas iwuphawu oludumile lweshidi le-acrylic elaziwa ngokucaca kwalo okuphakeme kanye nezakhiwo zesimo sezulu.
• I-Lucite: I-Lucite iwuphawu oludumile lwe-acrylic elaziwa ngokuphela kwayo okuphakeme nokusebenza kalula.
• I-Optix: I-Optix iwuphawu oludumile lwe-acrylic ekhishwe elaziwa ngezindleko zalo eziphansi kanye nokuqeda okuyisisekelo.
• I-Acrylite: I-Acrylite iwuphawu oludumile lweshidi le-acrylic elaziwa ngokumelana nomthelela ophakeme nokucaca.

I-Chemistry Behind Acrylic: Ukuqonda Amakhemikhali Nezinto Zokusebenza

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I-Acrylic iyi-polymer, okusho ukuthi yakhiwe ngezinhlanganisela ezakhiwe ngokuhlanganisa ama-monomers ndawonye. Ama-monomer asetshenziselwa ukwakha i-acrylic aziwa ngokuthi ama-acrylates, okuyizinhlanganisela eziqukethe isibopho esiphindwe kabili phakathi kwama-athomu ekhabhoni. Lapho lawa ma-acrylate enziwe i-polymerized, enza uchungechunge olude lwama-molecule akha umkhiqizo wokugcina we-acrylic.

Ukuhlola Isakhiwo namabhondi e-Acrylic

Isakhiwo se-acrylic sifana namanye amapulasitiki, kodwa sinezinhlanganisela ezengeziwe ezenza kube okuyingqayizivele. I-Acrylic yakhiwa ngokukhipha i-molecule eqalayo ekwakhiweni eyaziwa ngokuthi i-methyl methacrylate. Lokhu kudala inhlanganisela entsha ebizwa nge-poly(methyl methacrylate), eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-PMMA. I-PMMA ewumphumela yakha isisekelo semikhiqizo ye-acrylic.

Amabhondi ku-acrylic akhiwa ngokuxhumanisa ama-athomu ekhabhoni kanye namabhondi amabili. Lezi zibopho ziqinile kakhulu futhi zakha isakhiwo esifana neketango esinikeza i-acrylic amandla ayo aphezulu nokunwebeka. Izibopho ezimbili zenza kube lula ukuthi amaqembu engeziwe ahlanganiswe neketanga, okwenza izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto ze-acrylic.

Ukuqonda Inqubo Ye-Acrylic Polymerization

Inqubo ye-acrylic polymerization ilula. Iqala nge-monomer, okuyi-molecule enekhono lokusabela namanye ama-molecule ukuze yakhe i-polymer. Endabeni ye-acrylic, i-monomer i-methyl methacrylate.

Ama-monomers abe esehlanganiswa ndawonye ukuze akhe iketango le-polymer. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokukhipha i-molecule encane, njengamanzi noma i-acetone, ku-monomer. Inhlanganisela ewumphumela bese yenza isibopho nenye i-monomer, futhi inqubo iyaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho iketango le-polymer seliqedile.

Ukuhlola Izinhlobo Ezihlukene Zezinto Ze-Acrylic

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zezinto ze-acrylic, ngayinye enezici zayo eziyingqayizivele kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo. Ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezinto ze-acrylic zihlanganisa:

• Ishidi le-Acrylic: Leli shidi lepulasitiki elisobala elivame ukusetshenziswa embonini yezokwakha.
• I-Acrylic fiber: Lena i-synthetic fiber evame ukusetshenziswa ezimpahleni nakwezinye izindwangu.
• I-Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA): Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-acrylic futhi lusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa izimpawu, izibonisi, nezindawo zokukhanyisa.

Ukuqonda Izakhiwo Zekhemikhali ze-Acrylic

I-Acrylic inenani lezinto zamakhemikhali eziyenza ibe yinto ekahle yokusetshenziswa okubanzi. Ezinye zalezi zakhiwo zihlanganisa:

• Ukungafihli: I-Acrylic yinto esobala evumela ukukhanya ukuthi kudlule kuyo kalula.
• I-Elasticity: I-Acrylic iyinto enwebeka kakhulu enganwetshwa futhi igotshwe ngaphandle kokuphuka.
• Ukumelana nesimo sezulu: I-Acrylic iyinto ehlala isikhathi eside engamelana nokuchayeka ezintweni ngaphandle kokuwohloka.

Ukukhipha I-Versatility ye-Acrylic: Umhlahlandlela Wokusetshenziswa Kwayo Okujwayelekile

I-Acrylic iyinto enikeza ukucaca okuphezulu, okwenza kube ukukhetha okudumile kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukucaca. Ukusebenziseka kwayo ngezindlela eziningi futhi kwenza kube lula ukuyibumba ibe yizimo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso, iyenze ibe into esetshenziswayo yezimboni ezahlukahlukene. Nazi ezinye izindlela ezivamile zokusebenzisa i-acrylic:

• Amashidi e-Acrylic asetshenziselwa amafasitela, ukukhanya kwesibhakabhaka, nezindawo zasemanzini ngenxa yokucaca kanye nemvelo engasindi.
• Izipikili ze-Acrylic ziyindlela ethandwayo ye-nail polish yendabuko ngenxa yokuqina kwazo nokuguquguquka ekuklanyeni.
• Upende we-Acrylic uyintandokazi phakathi kwamaciko ngemibala yawo egqamile kanye nekhono lokunamathela ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene.
• Ifenisha ye-Acrylic iyinketho ethandwayo ezindlini zanamuhla ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okucacile kanye nemiklamo eyenziwe ngokwezifiso.

I-Acrylic Yokusebenza Kahle Kwezamandla kanye Nokumelana Nomthelela Ophakeme

I-Acrylic yaziwa nangokusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokumelana nomthelela omkhulu, okuyenza ibe yinto ethembekile yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene. Nazi ezinye izinto ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ze-acrylic:

• Amalensi e-Acrylic asetshenziswa ezingilazini zamehlo, amalensi ekhamera, nama-binoculars ngenxa yemvelo yawo engasindi kanye nokumelana nomthelela omkhulu.
• Izithiyo zokuphepha ze-Acrylic zisetshenziswa emabhange, eminyuziyamu, nakwezinye izindawo ezivikeleke kakhulu ngenxa yekhono lazo lokumelana nomthelela nokuvimbela ukugqekezwa.
• Imishini yezokwelapha ye-Acrylic, njengama-incubator nemishini yokuhlinza, isetshenziswa ngenxa yekhono labo lokugcina indawo eyinyumba futhi imelana nokulimala okuvela kumakhemikhali.

I-Acrylic yokutholakala kalula nokwenza ngokwezifiso

I-Acrylic iyinto etholakala kalula, okwenza kube ukukhetha okungabizi kakhulu ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene. Ukutholakala kwayo kalula futhi kwenza kube lula ukwenza ngezifiso izinhlelo ezithile. Nazi ezinye izindlela ezivamile zokusebenzisa i-acrylic:

• Izimpawu ze-Acrylic ziyinketho ethandwayo emabhizinisini ngenxa yokufinyeleleka kwawo kanye nekhono lokwenza ngokwezifiso ama-logo nemiklamo.
• Imiklomelo ye-Acrylic kanye nezindondo kuyisinqumo esidumile sokubona impumelelo ngenxa yokukwazi ukuthengeka kanye nekhono lokwenza ngokwezifiso ngamagama nezinsuku.
• Okhiye be-Acrylic nobucwebe kuyisinqumo esidumile sokwenza kube ngokwakho ngenxa yokufinyeleleka kwabo namandla okwenziwa ngokwezifiso ngamagama nemiklamo.

Ukuguquguquka nokutholakala kwe-Acrylic kuyenza ibe yinketho edumile ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene. Ukucaca kwayo okuphezulu, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, kanye nokumelana nomthelela kuyenza into ethembekile yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukubonakala nokuqina. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amafasitela, izinto zezokwelapha, noma izipho eziqondene nawe, i-acrylic iwumsebenzi ongabunjwa ukuze uvumelane nanoma yisiphi isidingo.

Indwangu ye-Acrylic: Impahla Ehlukahlukene futhi Ethengekayo

Indwangu ye-Acrylic ikhiqizwa ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-polymerization, ehilela ukusabela ama-monomers athile ndawonye ukuze enze inhlanganisela enkulu. I-polymer ewumphumela ibe isiphothwa ibe imicu engalukwa noma ilukwe ibe yindwangu. Indwangu ye-Acrylic ingakhiqizwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kuye ngokuthi umkhiqizo wokugcina oyifunayo. Ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zendwangu ye-acrylic zihlanganisa:

• I-acrylic evamile: Lolu uhlobo oluvame ukukhiqizwa lwendwangu ye-acrylic futhi isetshenziswa emikhiqizweni eminingi.
• I-Super acrylic: Lolu hlobo lwendwangu ye-acrylic lukhiqizwa kusetshenziswa iketango elide le-polymer, elidala indwangu eqinile futhi ehlala isikhathi eside.
• I-acrylic enwetshiwe: Lolu hlobo lwendwangu ye-acrylic luqukethe inani elikhulu le-acrylonitrile monomer, elenza likwazi ukumelana nokulimala okuvela ekushiseni namakhemikhali.

Yiziphi Izinzuzo Zendwangu Ye-Acrylic?

Indwangu ye-Acrylic inezinzuzo eziningi ezenza kube yisinqumo esithandwayo embonini yendwangu. Ezinye zezinzuzo eziphawuleka kakhulu zendwangu ye-acrylic zihlanganisa:

• Ukufinyeleleka: Indwangu ye-Acrylic ngokuvamile ishibhile ukuyikhiqiza kunemicu yemvelo efana noboya noma ukotini, okwenza kube ukukhetha okudumile kubakhiqizi.
• I-Versatility: Indwangu ye-Acrylic ingakhiqizwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kuye ngezidingo zemakethe.
• Ukuthamba: Indwangu ye-Acrylic inomuzwa othambile futhi onethezekile abantu abaningi abawukhethayo kuneminye imicu yokwenziwa njengenayiloni.
• Ukuqina: Indwangu ye-Acrylic imelana kakhulu nokulimala okuvela ekushiseni nakumakhemikhali, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle emikhiqizweni ezovezwa kulezi zici.
• Kulula ukuyinakekela: Indwangu ye-Acrylic ingawashwa ngomshini futhi yomiswe, okwenza kube ukukhetha okulula kubantu abangenaso isikhathi sokugeza izandla noma ukuhlanza okomile.

Yini Okufanele Uyazi Ngendwangu Ye-Acrylic?

Uma ucabangela ukusebenzisa indwangu ye-acrylic iphrojekthi noma umkhiqizo, kunezinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzikhumbule:

• Indwangu ye-Acrylic ingonakaliswa izinsimbi ezishisayo noma okomisa, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo yokunakekelwa ngokucophelela.
• Indwangu ye-Acrylic ingase ingaphefumuli njengemicu yemvelo efana nekotini noma uvolo, okungenza kube lula ukugqoka lapho kushisa.
• Abanye abantu bangase babone umehluko omncane ekuzizweni kwendwangu ye-acrylic uma kuqhathaniswa nemicu yemvelo, kodwa lokhu ikakhulukazi kuyindaba yombono womuntu siqu.
• Indwangu ye-Acrylic isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yendwangu futhi ingatholakala emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene, kusukela ekugqokeni kuya ekuhlobiseni kwasekhaya.
• Indwangu ye-Acrylic iyinto eyingqayizivele futhi ethengekayo enikeza uhla lwezinzuzo kanye nokusetshenziswa okungase kube khona kubakhiqizi nabathengi ngokufanayo.

Ukusuka ku-Petroleum kuya Endwangu: Inqubo Ethakazelisayo Yokwenza I-Acrylic Fiber

I-Acrylic fiber isetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo, kufaka phakathi:

• Izembatho: Izindwangu ze-Acrylic zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza amajezi, amasokisi, nezinye izingubo zezulu elibandayo ngenxa yokufudumala nokuqina kwazo.
• Impahla yasekhaya: Izindwangu ze-Acrylic zisetshenziselwa ukwenza izingubo zokulala, i-upholstery, nezinye izinto zasendlini ngenxa yokumelana kwazo namabala nokufiphala.
• Izicelo zezimboni: Imicu ye-Acrylic isetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi amasistimu okuhlunga, okokufaka, kanye nezingubo zokuvikela.

Isiphetho

Ngakho-ke usunakho, ukungena nokuphuma kwe-acrylic. Yimpahla enhle yazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto, kusukela kwezobuciko kuye kwezimpahla zokugqoka kuya kufenisha, futhi kulula kakhulu ukusebenza nayo. 

Ngakho-ke qhubeka uzame!

Ngingu-Joost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Tools Doctor, umakethi wokuqukethwe, kanye nobaba. Ngiyakuthanda ukuzama okokusebenza okusha, futhi kanye nethimba lami ngidale izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2016 ukuze ngisize abafundi abathembekile ngamathuluzi namathiphu okwenza.