I-Benzene iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali enefomula ethi C6H6. Iwuketshezi olungenambala olunephunga elimnandi elihwamuka ngokushesha lapho livezwe emoyeni. Itholakala nakuwoyela ongahluziwe, kuphethiloli, neminye imikhiqizo eminingi kaphethiloli.
I-hydrocarbon elula enephunga elimnandi kanye nenhlanganisela elula ye-organic enesakhiwo esiyindandatho. Kubuye kubhekwe njenge-halogenated hydrocarbon ngoba iqukethe i-athomu eyodwa noma amaningi e-halogen. Ukwengeza, yaziwa ngokuthi i-benzol noma i-benzene alcohol.
Ake sihlole yonke into eyenza lekhemikhali ihluke.
Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizomboza:
Iyini I-Benzene Kahle?
I-Benzene iwuketshezi olungenambala, oluphuzi ngokukhanyayo noma olubomvu olunephunga elihlukile kanye nomhwamuko. Kuyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali ephilayo enefomula yamangqamuzana i-C₆H₆, eyakhiwe ama-athomu ekhabhoni ayisithupha ahlanganiswe nendandatho ehleliwe ene-athomu ye-hydrogen enamathiselwe kulelo nalelo. Ngenxa yokuthi iqukethe ama-athomu e-carbon ne-hydrogen kuphela, i-benzene ithathwa njenge-hydrocarbon. Ingumzali olula noyisisekelo wezinhlanganisela ezinuka kamnandi futhi ivame ukutholakala kuwoyela ongahluziwe, kuphethiloli, namanye amakhemikhali e-petrochemical.
Isetshenziswa Kanjani I-Benzene?
I-Benzene iyikhemikhali ebalulekile yezimboni esetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni Isakhi irabha, izidakamizwa, namanye amakhemikhali. Ibuye isetshenziswe ngokujwayelekile njenge-a i-solvent ukukhipha amanye amakhemikhali nezinto. Muva nje, ukusetshenziswa kwe-benzene kwehle kakhulu ngenxa yemvelo yayo enobuthi ne-carcinogenic.
Yiziphi Izingozi Ze-Benzene?
I-Benzene iyinto enobuthi ne-carcinogenic engabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kudala umdlavuza kubantu futhi iyimbangela enkulu ye-leukemia. Ukuchayeka kwe-Benzene kungabangela nezinye izinkinga zempilo ezifana ne-anemia, ukulimala kwamasosha omzimba, nezinkinga zokuzala.
Ingatholakalaphi I-Benzene?
- I-Benzene iyingxenye yemvelo kawoyela ongahluziwe futhi itholakala kuphethiloli, kuphethiloli wedizili, nakweminye imikhiqizo ye-petroleum.
- Ingase futhi yakheke ngezinqubo zemvelo ezifana nokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo kanye nemililo yamahlathi.
- I-Benzene ikhona entuthwini kagwayi, okuwumthombo omkhulu wokuchayeka kwababhemayo.
Imithombo Yezimboni Nezokwenziwa Ye-Benzene
- I-Benzene isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni amakhemikhali amaningi ezimboni, okuhlanganisa amapulasitiki, imicu yokwenziwa, irabha, izinto zokuthambisa, odayi, okokuhlanza, izidakamizwa nezibulala-zinambuzane.
- Isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni inayiloni neminye imicu yokwenziwa.
- I-Benzene iphinde isetshenziswe ekugcinweni nasekuthuthweni kukawoyela ongahluziwe neminye imikhiqizo ye-petroleum.
- Izindawo zezimboni neziteshi zikaphethiloli zingangcoliswa i-benzene ngenxa yokuvuza okuvela emathangeni angaphansi komhlaba.
- Izingosi zikadoti nezindawo zokulahla zingaqukatha udoti oyingozi oqukethe i-benzene.
Ubukhona Benzene Emoyeni Namanzi
- I-Benzene iwuketshezi oluphuzi olukhanyayo olungenambala, olunephunga elimnandi elihwamukela emoyeni.
- Ingancibilika emanzini futhi izike phansi noma intante phezulu.
- I-Benzene ingakhishwa emoyeni kusukela ezinqubweni zezimboni nasekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli neminye imikhiqizo ye-petroleum.
- Ingatholakala futhi emoyeni eduze nezindawo zokulahla imfucuza kanye nezindawo zokulahla imfucuza.
- I-Benzene ingangcolisa imithombo yamanzi okuphuza eduze nezindawo zezimboni nezindawo zokulahla.
Ukuhlolwa Kwezokwelapha Kwe-Benzene Exposure
- Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bangenza izivivinyo ukuze bathole ukuthi ingabe othile uchayeke ngokweqile ku-benzene.
- Ukuhlolwa kokuphefumula kungenziwa ngokushesha ngemva kokuchayeka ukuze kukale ngokunembile amazinga e-benzene.
- Ama-metabolites e-benzene angatholwa ekuhlolweni komchamo, okubonisa ukuchayeka ekhemikhalini.
- Izimpawu zokuchayeka ngokweqile ku-benzene zingabandakanya ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okungajwayelekile, isiyezi, ikhanda elibuhlungu, nokudideka.
- Uma usola ukuthi uke wachayeka kwi-benzene, thintana nodokotela noma isikhungo sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Izinyathelo Zokuvimbela Zokuchayeka Kwe-Benzene
- Ukuze uvimbele ukuchayeka ngokweqile ku-benzene, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela emsebenzini nasekhaya.
- Ukungenisa umoya ngendlela efanele kanye nezinto zokuzivikela kufanele zisetshenziswe ezimeni zezimboni lapho kukhona i-benzene.
- Uphethiloli neminye imikhiqizo kaphethiloli kufanele igcinwe futhi isetshenziswe ezindaweni ezinomoya omuhle.
- Uma usola ukuthi uchayeke ngokweqile ku-benzene, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha ukuze unqume ngokunembile izinga lakho lokuchayeka.
Ukuhlola Ukusetshenziswa Okuningi Kwe-Benzene
I-Benzene iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali eguquguqukayo kakhulu esetshenziswa kabanzi ezinqubweni ezahlukahlukene zezimboni. Ezinye zezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ze-benzene zihlanganisa:
- Ukukhiqizwa kwemicu yokwenziwa: I-Benzene isetshenziswa ekwenzeni inayiloni neminye imicu yokwenziwa.
- Ukulungiswa kwezinto zokugcoba kanye nama-rubber: I-Benzene isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izinto zokugcoba nama-rubber.
- Ukwenziwa kwezihlanzi nezibulala-zinambuzane: I-Benzene isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izinto zokuhlanza nezibulala-zinambuzane.
- Ukukhiqizwa kwamapulasitiki nama-resin: I-Benzene isetshenziswa ekwenzeni amapulasitiki nama-resin.
- Ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa: I-Benzene isetshenziswa njengenhlanganisela ephakathi ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwamakhemikhali amasha nezinto zokwakha.
Izingozi Zokuchayeka KweBenzene
Nakuba i-benzene iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali ebalulekile, ibuye ihlotshaniswe nenani lezingozi zempilo. Ukuchayeka ku-benzene kungadala izinkinga eziningi zempilo, ezihlanganisa:
- Ukuluma komlomo nomphimbo
- Isiyezi kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu
- I-nausea nokuhlanza
- Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ku-benzene kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza.
Funda kabanzi nge-Benzene
Uma ungathanda ukufunda kabanzi nge-benzene, kunezinto ezimbalwa ongazenza:
- Thatha isifundo samakhemikhali: Ukufunda nge-benzene nezinye izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali yingxenye ebalulekile yanoma yisiphi isifundo samakhemikhali.
- Xhumana nochwepheshe: Uma udinga ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana ne-benzene, ungathintana nochwepheshe kulo mkhakha.
- Thatha umhlahlandlela: Miningi imihlahlandlela etholakalayo engakusiza ufunde kabanzi nge-benzene nokusetshenziswa kwayo.
Isiphetho
Ngakho, i-benzene iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali enefomula ethi C6H6 futhi itholakala kuwoyela ongahluziwe nakuphethiloli. Isetshenziselwa ukwenza imicu yokwenziwa, okokugcoba, nezidakamizwa, kodwa futhi iwumdlavuza.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ubungozi be-benzene nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani ekuchayekeni. Ngakho-ke, ungesabi ukubuza imibuzo futhi uthole amaqiniso. Ungakwena lokhu!
Ngingu-Joost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Tools Doctor, umakethi wokuqukethwe, kanye nobaba. Ngiyakuthanda ukuzama okokusebenza okusha, futhi kanye nethimba lami ngidale izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2016 ukuze ngisize abafundi abathembekile ngamathuluzi namathiphu okwenza.
