I-Plaster yinto eyenziwe nge-calcium sulfate, esetshenziselwa ukumboza izindonga, uphahla, nezinye izindawo. Nokho, ingase ibe ukhonkolo wokuhlobisa. I-plaster yokuhlobisa iwuhlobo lwe-plasterwork esebenzisa i-plaster njengempahla yokuhlobisa ukwakha nokuhlobisa izindonga zangaphakathi nophahla. Lolu hlobo lobuciko lwamakhulu eminyaka lwavela eYurophu futhi lusetshenziswa kuzo zombili izakhiwo zomlando nesimanje.
Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola umlando, incazelo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-plaster yokuhlobisa.
Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizomboza:
- Kungani i-Decorative Plaster iyisisetshenziswa sokwakha esiphezulu
- Ukuhlola Umhlaba Wokucwebeka Wokuhlobisa Kuyaphela
- Ama-Arches: Isici Sesitayela Nesakhiwo Esingakwazi Ukuguqula Noma Iyiphi Ingaphakathi
- Ukwengeza Ubude Nesitayela Egunjini Lakho Lokudlela elinama-Decorative Plaster Chair Rails
- Ukwengeza Ukuthinta Okubushelelezi Ngamakholomu Oqweqwe Lokuhlobisa
- I-Art of Crafting Cornices
- Ubuhle Be-Domed Decorative Plaster
- Ukwengeza Ukuthinta Okuhle endaweni yakho yomlilo nge-Decorative Plaster
- Ukwengeza Ukuthinta Okubushelelezi Ngezindondo Ze-Decorative Plaster
- Ama-Pilasters: Izinto Zokuhlobisa kanye Nezakhiwo Zokuthuthukisa
- Zitholele Izinhlobonhlobo Ezibanzi Zemikhiqizo Yokuhlobisa
- Isiphetho
Kungani i-Decorative Plaster iyisisetshenziswa sokwakha esiphezulu
Sekungamakhulu eminyaka izingcweti zisebenzisa ukhonkolo wokuhlobisa ukuze zengeze ubuhle nobuhle ezakhiweni. Nazi izibonelo ezidumile ze-plaster yokuhlobisa:
- ISigodlo SaseVersailles eFrance sifaka ukhonkolo owubuciko ophahleni nasezindongeni
- I-Alhambra yaseSpain yaziwa ngemidwebo yayo eyinkimbinkimbi
- I-Taj Mahal e-India ifaka ukhonkolo oluthambile ezindlini zayo nasemakhothameni
Izinzuzo Zokusebenzisa Izingcweti Ze-Plaster Zokuhlobisa
Ukusebenzisa izingcweti ezinekhono ukufaka ukhonkolo wokuhlobisa kungangeza izinzuzo ezengeziwe kuphrojekthi yakho yokwakha. Nazi ezinye izizathu zokucabangela ukusebenzisa izingcweti ze-plaster zokuhlobisa:
- Banobuchwepheshe bokuthola ukunemba nemininingwane ekuklanyweni
- Bangakwazi ukudala izingcezu eziyingqayizivele nezingokwezifiso ukuze zivumelane nezidingo zakho ezithile
- Bangangeza izinga lobuciko nobuciko kuphrojekthi yakho yokwakha
Ukuhlola Umhlaba Wokucwebeka Wokuhlobisa Kuyaphela
Lapho ukhetha isiphetho se-plaster yokuhlobisa, kunezici ezimbalwa okufanele uzicabangele, kufaka phakathi:
- Ubukhulu Bomphezulu: Amaqebelengwane athile asebenza kangcono ezindaweni ezinkudlwana, kuyilapho amanye afaneleka kangcono izindawo ezincane.
- Ukuqina Kwe-Plaster: Ezinye iziqephu zidinga ungqimba olukhulu lwe-plaster kunezinye.
- Isikhathi Esidingekayo Sokomisa: Ezinye iziqephu zidinga isikhathi eside sokumisa kunezinye.
- Impahla Edingekayo: Ukuqedwa okuthile kudinga izinto ezithile namathuluzi okungenzeka angatholakali kalula.
- Isitayela Segumbi: Isiphetho osikhethayo kufanele sihambisane nesitayela sonke segumbi.
Izwi Lokugcina
Ukuqedwa kwe-plaster okuhlobisa kunikeza indlela eyingqayizivele nehlaba umxhwele yokwengeza isitayela nomlingiswa kunoma yiliphi igumbi noma indawo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufuna inguqulo epholishelwe kakhulu, yendabuko noma inguqulo yemvelo, kukhona ukuqedwa kokhonkolo okuzohlangabezana nezidingo zakho. Vele ukhumbule ukukhetha ngokucophelela futhi ulandele izindlela nezindlela ezifanele zokuthola imiphumela engcono kakhulu.
Ama-Arches: Isici Sesitayela Nesakhiwo Esingakwazi Ukuguqula Noma Iyiphi Ingaphakathi
Ama-Arches ayingxenye yesakhiwo esisetshenziswe amakhulu eminyaka ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo. Akhiwa ngokuhlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezigobile, ngetshe elingukhiye phezulu ukuze azibambe endaweni. Ama-arches angasetshenziselwa kokubili izinhloso zesitayela nesakhiwo, futhi ayindlela enhle yokufihla izindawo ezingabonakali noma ukwengeza ukunyakaza nokukhululeka endaweni eyisicaba.
Izinhlobo Ezihlukene zama-Arches
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zamakhothamo, ngalinye linesitayela salo esiyingqayizivele kanye nezintandokazi zomlando. Ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zama-arches zihlanganisa:
- Amakhothamo ayindilinga: Lawa makhothamo anomumo oyisiyingi futhi avame ukusetshenziswa ezakhiweni zomlando.
- Amakhothamo acijile: Lawa makhothamo anomumo omncane, ocijile futhi avame ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kweGothic.
- Amakhothamo ayisicaba: Lawa makhothamo anesisekelo esiyisicaba futhi avame ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwesimanjemanje.
Ukusebenzisa ama-Arches Kumklamo Wakho Wangaphakathi
Ama-arches angasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuguqula noma iyiphi ingaphakathi. Nansi eminye imibono ukuze uqale:
- Sebenzisa amakhothamo ukuze uzungeze iminyango noma amafasitela ukuze uthole ukubukeka okuhle kakhulu.
- Engeza ama-arches ophahleni lwakho ukuze udale umuzwa wokuphakama nobuhle.
- Sebenzisa ama-arches ukuze udale indawo okugxilwe kuyo ekamelweni lakho, njengendawo ezungezile yeziko noma i-cornice yokuhlobisa.
- Hlanganisa ama-arches nezinye izakhi ze-plaster zokuhlobisa, njengamakholomu noma ama-pilaster, ukuze udale ukubukeka okuhlangene.
Sekukonke, ama-arches ayinto eguquguqukayo futhi engaphelelwa isikhathi engangeza kokubili isitayela nesakhiwo kunoma iyiphi ingaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe ufuna ukwengeza ubuhle bomlando noma ubuhle besimanje esikhaleni sakho, cabanga ukufaka amakhothamo ekwakhiweni kwakho.
Ukwengeza Ubude Nesitayela Egunjini Lakho Lokudlela elinama-Decorative Plaster Chair Rails
I-chair rail iyibhande elivundlile le-plaster yokuhlobisa eligijima lizungeze umjikelezo wegumbi ekuphakameni kwesitulo, ngokuvamile amayintshi angu-32 kuya kwangu-36 ukusuka phansi. Ekuqaleni yayiklanyelwe ukuvikela izindonga emonakalweni obangelwa izihlalo, kodwa manje isisetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko njengento yokuhlobisa.
Kungani Usebenzisa I-Chair Rail Egunjini Lakho Lokudlela?
Ukwengeza isitimela sesihlalo endlini yakho yokudlela kungaletha ukuthinta kobuhle nobunkimbinkimbi esikhaleni. Kungasiza futhi ukuhlakaza izindonga ngokubukeka futhi wengeze ukuphakama ekamelweni, okwenza kube nomuzwa obanzi. Ezinye izinzuzo zifaka:
- Ukuvikela izindonga kuma-scuffs kanye nokuklwebheka okubangelwa izihlalo
- Ukudala umngcele obonakalayo phakathi kokwelashwa okuhlukile odongeni noma imibala yokupenda
- Ukunikeza indawo yokulenga umsebenzi wobuciko noma izibuko ngaphandle kokulimaza izindonga
Ukukhetha Isihlalo Esilungile Sesitimela Sephrojekthi Yakho
Lapho ukhetha isitimela sesihlalo segumbi lakho lokudlela, cabangela izici ezilandelayo:
- Isitayela: Khetha umzila wesitimela ohambisana nokuhlotshiswa okukhona kwegumbi lakho lokudlela. Uma unesikhala sendabuko, khetha isitimela sesihlalo esihlotshiswe kakhulu esinemininingwane eyinkimbinkimbi. Egumbini lokudlela lesimanje, isitimela sesihlalo esilula, esilula singase sifaneleke kakhulu.
- Ubude: Ubude obujwayelekile bomzila wesitimela bungama-intshi angu-32 kuya kwangu-36 ukusuka phansi, kodwa ungakwazi ukulungisa lokhu ngokusekelwe ekuphakameni kwezihlalo zakho kanye nesikali sonke segumbi.
- Material: Ama-rails ezihlalo angenziwa ngezinto ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nokhonkolo, ukhuni, nensimbi. I-Plaster iyinketho ethandwayo yokuqina kwayo nekhono lokubunjwa libe yizimo nemiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi.
- Umbala: Cabangela ukudweba isitulo sesitimela umbala ohlukile kunezinye izindonga ukuze udale umehluko futhi wengeze intshisekelo ebonakalayo.
Ukufakwa nokulondolozwa
Ukufaka umzila wesitimela kuwumsebenzi olula ongaqedwa ngempelasonto ngamathuluzi nezinto zokwakha ezifanele. Nawa amanye amathiphu okufaka nokunakekela:
- Linganisa ubude bezihlalo zakho bese umaka udonga lapho ufuna ukuya khona isitimela sesitulo.
- Sebenzisa ileveli ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi isitimela sesitulo siqondile.
- Vikela umzila wesihlalo odongeni nge-adhesive noma izipikili.
- Gcwalisa noma yiziphi izikhala noma izimbobo zezinzipho nge-spackle nesihlabathi bushelelezi.
- Penda umzila wesihlalo nezindonga njengoba uthanda.
- Ukuze ugcine ujantshi wakho wesitulo, mane usule phansi ngendwangu emanzi njengoba kudingeka ukuze ususe uthuli nokungcola.
Ukwengeza Ukuthinta Okubushelelezi Ngamakholomu Oqweqwe Lokuhlobisa
Amakholomu ayindlela enhle kakhulu yokwengeza ukuthinta kobuhle nokuba yinkimbinkimbi kunoma iyiphi indawo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufuna ukwakha umnyango omuhle wendlu yakho noma ihhovisi, noma umane wengeze into yokuhlobisa ekamelweni, amakholomu ayisinqumo esihle kakhulu. Nazi ezinye izizathu zokuthi kungani:
- Amakholomu ahlukahlukene futhi angasetshenziswa kuzilungiselelo ezihlukahlukene, kusukela kwendabuko kuye kwesimanje.
- Ziza ngebanga losayizi nezitayela, ngakho-ke ungakhetha okulingana kahle kwendawo yakho.
- Zingasetshenziswa njengesici esizimele noma njengengxenye yesikimu esikhulu sokuhlobisa.
Amakholomu Opulasi: Ukubukeka Kwakudala Okunokusonteka Kwesimanje
Amakholomu e-Plaster ayisinqumo esithandwayo kulabo abafuna ukudala ukubukeka kwakudala nge-twist yesimanje. Nazi ezinye izizathu zokuthi kungani:
- Amakholomu opulasi angaqedwa ngezinhlobonhlobo zendlela yokwenza, kusukela ebushelelezi kuya kokuthungwe kakhulu, ukuze afanele ukunambitheka kwakho siqu.
- Angapendiwa noma aqedwe ukuze afane nokuhlobisa kwakho okukhona.
- Amakholomu e-Plaster aqinile futhi ahlala isikhathi eside, okuwenza abe utshalomali olukhulu lwekhaya lakho noma ihhovisi.
Ukusebenzisa Isitayela: I-Corinthian, Doric, kanye ne-Ionic Capitals
Uma kuziwa kumakholomu, inhloko-dolobha iyingxenye yokuhlobisa ehlezi phezulu kwekholomu. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zosonhlamvukazi:
- I-Corinthian: Lesi sihloko sihlanganisa amaphethini amaqabunga ayinkimbinkimbi futhi ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa kuzilungiselelo ezihlotshiswe kakhulu.
- U-Doric: Le mali ilula ekwakhiweni kwayo futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ezilungiselelweni ezingasho lutho.
- I-Ionic: Le mali eyinhloko ihlanganisa imiqulu futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa kuzilungiselelo ezinhle kakhulu.
Buka Ikhathalogi Yethu Yeku-inthanethi Yokukhuthazwa
Uma ufuna ugqozi lwephrojekthi yakho elandelayo ye-plaster yokuhlobisa, qiniseka ukuthi ubheka ikhathalogi yethu eku-inthanethi. Lapha, uzothola uhla lwamakholomu esamende, kanye neminye imikhiqizo ye-plaster yokuhlobisa, ukukusiza ukudala ukubukeka okuhle kwekhaya lakho noma ihhovisi.
I-Art of Crafting Cornices
Ama-cornices ama-plaster moldings asetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni phakathi kophahla nezindonga. Basebenzela ukuthuthukisa isitayela segumbi ngenkathi futhi bemboza ngobunono ukuhlangana phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili. Ama-cornices ayaziwa nangokuthi ukufisa noma ukuhlanganisa.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Cornices
Ama-cornices eza ngezinhlobonhlobo zomumo nosayizi, kusukela ekubunjweni okude kuya kumaphethini aphindayo phezu kwezindonga. Amanye ama-cornice akhiwe ngemidwebo eqoshiwe, kanti amanye afaka imininingwane yezakhiwo njengamakholomu noma ama-pilaster. Ama-Cornices angaphinde azungeze iminyango, akhulise indawo futhi enze umnyango omkhulu.
Ukufaka ama-Cornices
Ukwenza ama-cornices kuwubuciko obunekhono obudinga ukunemba nokunaka imininingwane. Le nqubo ihilela ukubumba ukhonkolo lube sesimweni nosayizi oyifunayo, bese ulufaka ophahleni nasezindongeni. Umkhiqizo oqediwe ungashiywa ungenalutho noma upendwe ukuze ufane nomhlobiso wegumbi.
Izinzuzo zama-Cornices
Ama-Cornices engeza ukuthinta kobuhle nobunkimbinkimbi kunoma yiliphi igumbi. Zingasetshenziselwa ukwakha umuzwa wokuphakama esikhaleni noma ukudonsela ukunaka kwesici esithile, njengendawo yomlilo noma umsebenzi wobuciko. Ama-Cornices aphinde afeze injongo engokoqobo ngokufihla izintambo ezingabukeki noma izihlanganisi ezingalingani phakathi kosilingi nezindonga.
Ama-Cornices ku-Design yesimanje
Ngenkathi ama-cornices ayekade eyisisekelo sokuklama kwendabuko, manje asetshenziswa nasezindaweni zesimanjemanje. Ama-cornices esimanje ngokuvamile afaka imigqa ehlanzekile kanye nokwakheka okulula, engeza ukuthinta okucashile kokuyinkimbinkimbi kunoma yiliphi igumbi.
Ubuhle Be-Domed Decorative Plaster
I-Domes ingenye yezimo ezimangalisa kakhulu ku-plaster wokuhlobisa. Ziyifomu lendabuko eliye lasetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo amakhulu eminyaka. Indawo eyi-concave yama-dome idonsela iso phezulu futhi idale indawo egxilile emaphakathi kunoma yiliphi igumbi.
Ikhiqizwe kabusha ku-Miniature
Abadwebi bezakhiwo nabaklami sekuyisikhathi eside bekhangwa ubuhle bezindlu, futhi lokhu kuye kwaholela ekuvuselelweni kwesithakazelo kuleli fomu lendabuko. Namuhla, ama-domes angaphindwa ngama-miniature, okwenza kube yisinqumo esithandwayo sokuklama kwangaphakathi.
Ukubukeka Okuphelile Komdwebo Odwetshiwe
Uphahla olubunjiwe oluqedwe nge-plaster yokuhlobisa lungakha ukubukeka okuvulekile nokuhle kunoma yiliphi igumbi. Ingaphezulu ledome lingaqedwa ngezindlela ezihlukene, okuhlanganisa imiphetho ene-scalloped noma iqabunga legolide. Umdwebo odongeni ungapendwe phezu kwedome, wengeze ungqimba olwengeziwe lobuhle nokuthakaselayo ekamelweni.
I-Capitol Dome
Esinye sezibonelo ezidume kakhulu zophahla olubunjiwe yi-Capitol Dome e-Washington DC Lesi sakhiwo esiyisithonjana siqedwa ngokhonkolo wokuhlobisa futhi siyisibonelo esimangalisayo sobuhle nobukhulu obungafinyelelwa ngaleli fomu lendabuko.
Ukwengeza Ukuthinta Okuhle endaweni yakho yomlilo nge-Decorative Plaster
Izindawo ezizungezile zeziko ziyizinto zokuhlobisa ezikhonkolo ezizungeze indawo yokucima umlilo. Zenzelwe ukuthuthukisa ukubukeka kweziko futhi zengeze ukuthinta kobuhle kunoma yiliphi igumbi. Indawo ezungezile yomlilo iza ngezitayela nemiklamo ehlukahlukene, kusukela kokulula nokungasho lutho kuye kokuhlotshiswe ngokuningiliziwe.
Kungani Khetha I-Decorative Plaster Yendawo Yakho Yomlilo Ezungezile?
I-plaster yokuhlobisa iyinketho ethandwayo yezindawo ezizungezile zomlilo ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo nokuqina. Ingabunjwa ibe yinoma imuphi umumo noma idizayini, ikuvumela ukuthi udale ukubukeka okuhlukile futhi komuntu siqu kwendawo yakho yomlilo. I-plaster yokuhlobisa nayo ayikwazi ukumelana nomlilo, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuphephile ukusetshenziswa eduze kweziko.
Ukwengeza Ukuthinta Okubushelelezi Ngezindondo Ze-Decorative Plaster
Izindondo zikakhonkolo zokuhlobisa ziyizicucu zikakhonkolo ezibaziwe ezisetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa nokuhlobisa usilingi. Zenziwe ngobubanzi obuhlukene futhi zitholakala ngemiklamo ehlukahlukene engahlangana nezinye izinto ezibunjwayo, uphahla olunephaneli noma olunamapulangwe, nezingcezu ze-mantel.
Ama-Pilasters: Izinto Zokuhlobisa kanye Nezakhiwo Zokuthuthukisa
Ama-Pilaster asetshenziselwa ukugcizelela ubuhle bezindonga ngokungeza ukujula nobukhulu. Zivusa ukubukeka kwezakhiwo zakudala futhi zingasetshenziswa ukulingisa ukubukeka kwamakholomu e-ionic noma aseKorinte. Ama-pilaster angenziwa nge-plaster noma izinto ezingezona ezemvelo futhi angapendwa ukuze ahambisane nombala wezindonga noma ukunquma.
Yiziphi i-Pilaster Capitals kanye ne-Mouldings?
Izihloko ze-Pilaster ziyizinto zokuhlobisa ezisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa phezulu kwe-pilaster. Zingaba lula noma zihlotshiswe futhi zingasetshenziswa ukulingisa ukubukeka kwenhloko yekholomu. I-Pilaster moldings yizinto zokuhlobisa ezisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa isisekelo se-pilaster. Zingasetshenziselwa ukulingisa ukubukeka kwesisekelo sekholomu noma ukwengeza izakhi zokuhlobisa ezengeziwe ku-pilaster.
Ama-Pilaster Angasetshenziswa Kanjani Ekufakeni Okuhlobisa?
Ama-Pilaster angasetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa udaka izicelo, okuhlanganisa:
- Sika iminyango, amafasitela, nezibuko
- Iziko elizungezile
- Ama-Cornices
- Imisebenzi
- Izindondo
Ama-Pilasters angasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ubuhle banoma yiliphi igumbi futhi angenziwa ngokwezifiso ukuze avumelane nanoma yisiphi isitayela sokuklama.
Zitholele Izinhlobonhlobo Ezibanzi Zemikhiqizo Yokuhlobisa
Imikhiqizo ye-plaster yokuhlobisa iza ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, izitayela, nemiklamo, okwenza kube lula ukuthola umkhiqizo ophelele wanoma iyiphi iphrojekthi ethile. Eminye yemikhiqizo ethandwa kakhulu ye-plaster yokuhlobisa ihlanganisa:
- Ama-Cornices: Lawa ama-plaster okuhlobisa okuhlobisa asetshenziselwa ukuvala imiphetho lapho kuhlangana khona izindonga nosilingi. Ziza ngezitayela nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, futhi zingasetshenziswa ukwengeza ukuthintwa kobuhle nobunkimbinkimbi kunoma yiliphi igumbi.
- Ama-Medallions: Lena imiklamo ye-plaster yokuhlobisa evame ukutholakala ophahleni nasezindongeni. Ziza ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene nezitayela, futhi zingasetshenziswa ukwengeza ukuthinta kwekilasi nobuhle kunoma yiliphi igumbi.
- Izindawo ezizungezile zeziko: Lezi yimiklamo ye-plaster yokuhlobisa esetshenziselwa ukuzungeza nokuvikela izindawo zokubasa. Ziza ngezitayela nemiklamo ehlukahlukene, futhi zingasetshenziswa ukwengeza ukuthinta ukufudumala nokunethezeka kunoma yiliphi igumbi.
Ukukhiqiza kanye Nesicelo
Ukwenziwa kanye nokusetshenziswa okufanele kwemikhiqizo ye-plaster yokuhlobisa kuwumkhuba obucayi futhi odla isikhathi odinga izinga elithile lekhono nolwazi. Ezinye zezinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho usebenza ngemikhiqizo ye-plaster yokuhlobisa zifaka:
- I-Material: Imikhiqizo ye-plaster yokuhlobisa ngokuvamile yenziwa ngengxube ye-plaster namanzi, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa okulula kanye nezikhathi zokumisa ngokushesha.
- Ubukhulu: Ubukhulu bemikhiqizo ye-plaster yokuhlobisa bungahluka kuye ngomkhiqizo othile kanye nomphumela oyifunayo.
- Isikhathi sokusetha: Isikhathi sokusetha semikhiqizo ye-plaster yokuhlobisa singahluka kuye ngokuthi umkhiqizo othile kanye nomkhiqizi.
- Impahla: Izimpahla ezifanele, okuhlanganisa ingxube, ikhava, nokuvikela, zibalulekile ekwakhiweni okufanele nasekusetshenzisweni kwemikhiqizo kakhonkolo yokuhlobisa.
- Usizo lochwepheshe: Ochwepheshe abanolwazi banganikeza ulwazi olubalulekile nesiqondiso uma kuziwa ekusebenzeni ngemikhiqizo ye-plaster yokuhlobisa.
Isiphetho
Ngakho-ke, yilokho kuphela okudingeka ukwazi mayelana ne-plaster yokuhlobisa. Kuyindlela enhle yokwengeza ubuhle obengeziwe nobuhle esikhaleni sakho.
Ungayisebenzisa ezindongeni nophahla, futhi kuyindlela enhle yokwengeza ubuhle obungokomlando esikhaleni sakho. Ngakho-ke, ungesabi ukuhlola wonke amathuba eliwanikezayo.
Ngingu-Joost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Tools Doctor, umakethi wokuqukethwe, kanye nobaba. Ngiyakuthanda ukuzama okokusebenza okusha, futhi kanye nethimba lami ngidale izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2016 ukuze ngisize abafundi abathembekile ngamathuluzi namathiphu okwenza.
