I-Fiberglass: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Womlando Wawo, Amafomu, kanye Nezicelo

I-Fiberglass (noma i-fibreglass) iwuhlobo lwepulasitiki eqiniswe ngefayibha lapho i-fibre yokuqinisa igxile ngokukhethekile. ingilazi i-fiber. I-fiber yengilazi ingase ihlelwe ngokungahleliwe kodwa ngokuvamile ilukwa ibe umata.

I-matrix yepulasitiki ingase ibe ipulasitiki eshisayo- evame kakhulu i-epoxy, i-polyester resin- noma i-vinylester, noma i-thermoplastic. Imicu yengilazi yenziwe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zengilazi kuye ngokusetshenziswa kwe-fiberglass.

Ukudiliza I-Fiberglass: I-Ins kanye Nokuphuma Kwalolu hlobo Olujwayelekile Lwepulasitiki Eqiniswe Nge-Fiber

I-fiberglass, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-fibreglass, iwuhlobo lwepulasitiki eqiniswe ngefayibha esebenzisa imicu yengilazi. Le micu ingahlelwa ngokungahleliwe, ifakwe eshidini elibizwa ngokuthi i-strand mat eqoshiwe, noma ilukwe ibe indwangu yengilazi.

Yiziphi Izinhlobo Ezihlukene Ze-Fiberglass?

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, i-fiberglass ingaba sesimweni semicu ehlelwe ngokungahleliwe, umata osikiwe oyintambo, noma elukwe ngendwangu yengilazi. Nalu ulwazi oluthe xaxa ngakunye:

• Imicu ehlelwe ngokungahleliwe: Le micu ivame ukusetshenziswa ekwandeni nasekufakweni kwezinye izinto lapho kudingeka khona izinga eliphezulu lokuguquguquka.
• I-strand mat eqotshiwe: Leli ishidi le-fiberglass elenziwe lacaba futhi lacindezelwa. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezikebhe nakwezinye izinhlelo lapho kufunwa indawo ebushelelezi.
• Indwangu yengilazi elukiweyo: Lena indwangu eyenziwe ngemicu ye-fiberglass ehlanganiswe ndawonye. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni lapho kudingeka khona izinga eliphezulu lamandla.

Yiziphi Ezinye Izicelo Ezivamile Ze-Fiberglass?

I-Fiberglass isetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukwakhiwa kwezikebhe
• Izingxenye zezimoto
• Izingxenye ze-Aerospace
• Ama-wind turbine blades
• I-insulation yokwakha
• Amachibi okubhukuda kanye nobhavu oshisayo
• Ama-Surfboards nezinye izinto zezemidlalo zamanzi

Uyini Umehluko Phakathi KweCarbon Fiber neFiberglass?

I-Carbon fiber kanye ne-fiberglass zombili izinhlobo zepulasitiki eqiniswe nge-fiber, kodwa kunomehluko obalulekile phakathi kwalokhu okubili:

• I-Carbon fiber inamandla futhi iqinile kune-fiberglass, kodwa futhi ibiza kakhulu.
• I-Fiberglass iguquguquka kakhulu kune-carbon fiber, okwenza kube ukukhetha okungcono ezinhlelweni zokusebenza lapho izinga elithile lokuguquguquka lidingeka.

I-Fiberglass Yenziwa Kabusha Kanjani?

I-fiberglass ingaphinda igaywe, kodwa inqubo inzima kakhulu kunokuvuselela ezinye izinto ezifana ne-aluminium noma iphepha. Nazi izindlela ezimbalwa ezisetshenziswayo:

• Ukugaya: I-Fiberglass ingagaywa ibe yizicucu ezincane futhi isetshenziswe njengento yokugcwalisa kweminye imikhiqizo.
• I-Pyrolysis: Lokhu kuhilela ukushisa i-fiberglass ekushiseni okuphezulu lapho ungekho umoya-mpilo. Amagesi atholakalayo angasetshenziswa njengophethiloli, futhi izinto ezisele zingasetshenziswa njenge-a izinto zokugcwalisa (nansi indlela yokusebenzisa izigcwalisi).
• Ukugaywa kabusha kwemishini: Lokhu kuhilela ukudiliza i-fiberglass ibe izingxenye zayo futhi iphinde isetshenziswe ukwenza imikhiqizo emisha.

Umlando Othakazelisayo we-Fiberglass

• I-Fiberglass yatholwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 ngengozi lapho umcwaningi e-Corning Glass Works echitha ingilazi encibilikisiwe esitofini futhi ebona ukuthi yenza imicu emincane lapho iphola.

• Umcwaningi, u-Dale Kleist, wenze inqubo yokwenza le micu futhi inkampani yakhangisa ngawo njengenye indlela ye-asbestos.

Ukumaketha kwe-Fiberglass

• Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, i-fiberglass yayisetshenziselwa izinhlelo zempi ezifana nama-radomes nezingxenye zendiza.

• Ngemva kwempi, i-fiberglass yathengiswa ukuze isetshenziswe izinto ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa izikebhe zemikhumbi, izinduku zokudoba, nemizimba yezimoto.

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• Ukufakwa kwe-fiberglass kwasungulwa ngeminyaka yawo-1930s futhi ngokushesha kwaba yinto ethandwayo yokukhetha izindlu nezakhiwo.

• Isasetshenziswa kabanzi namuhla futhi ingatholakala ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zemvilophu yokwakha, kuhlanganise nezindonga, ophahleni, namagumbi angaphansi.

• Ukufakwa kwe-fiberglass kusebenza kahle ekwehliseni ukulahleka kokushisa kanye nokudluliswa komsindo.

I-Fiberglass iyimpahla efanelekile yokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene, ngenxa yesisindo sayo esingasindi, amandla aphezulu, nokumelana okuhle kakhulu namanzi namakhemikhali. Nazi ezinye zezindlela ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu zamafomu e-fiberglass:

• Ukwakhiwa: I-Fiberglass ivame ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu zokuvikela kanye nekhono lokuvikela ukulimala kwamanzi.

• Iziqukathi: Iziqukathi ze-Fiberglass zidumile embonini yokudla, njengoba zinikeza ukuvikelwa nokugcinwa okuhle kakhulu kwemikhiqizo yokudla ebucayi.

• Ukwakhiwa Kwesikebhe: I-Fiberglass iyinto ethandwayo yokwakha izikebhe, ngenxa yesisindo sayo esincane namandla aphezulu.

• Amakhava: Izembozo ze-Fiberglass zivame ukusetshenziswa embonini yezokwakha ukuze kuvikelwe izinto ezibucayi ezintweni.

• Izingxenye Ezibunjiwe: I-Fiberglass iyinto efanelekile yokukhiqiza izingxenye ezibunjiwe, ngenxa yekhono layo lokuthatha izimo namafomu ahlukene.

Ukudala Imikhiqizo ye-Fiberglass: Inqubo Yokukhiqiza

Ukuze kwakhiwe i-fiberglass, inhlanganisela yezinto ezingavuthiwe ezifana ne-silica, isihlabathi, i-limestone, ubumba lwe-kaolin, ne-dolomite ziyancibilika esithandweni zize zifinyelele endaweni encibilikayo. Ingilazi encibilikisiwe ibe isikhishwa ngamabhulashi amancane noma ama-spinnerets ukuze kukhiqizwe ama-extrusions amancane abizwa ngokuthi ama-filaments. Le micu ilukwa ndawonye ukuze yenze into efana nendwangu engabunjwa ibe yinoma yikuphi ukuma okufunayo.

Ukwengezwa kwama-resin

Ukwandisa ukusebenza nokuqina kwe-fiberglass, izinto ezengeziwe ezifana nama-resin zengezwa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Lezi zinhlaka zixutshwa nemicu elukiwe futhi zibunjwe ngendlela oyifunayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-resin kuvumela ukwanda kwamandla, ukuguquguquka, nokumelana nesimo sezulu nezinye izici zangaphandle.

Amasu Okukhiqiza Athuthukile

Ngamasu okukhiqiza athuthukile, i-fiberglass ingabunjwa ibe yizimo ezinkulu, ikwenze ilungele ukwakha imikhiqizo emisha. Ukusetshenziswa kwamata e-fiberglass kuvumela ukudalwa kwemikhiqizo ekhanyayo neqinile engafanelana nezinhlelo eziningi zokusebenza. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ingasikwa ukuze ivumelane nesimo esifiselekayo kanye nosayizi womkhiqizo, okwenza kube indawo ekahle yezinto ezikhona.

I-Versatility yezicelo ze-Fiberglass

I-Fiberglass iyimpahla engasindi futhi ehlala isikhathi eside eyanda kakhulu ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile. Ihlanganisa imicu yengilazi ehlanganiswe ne-polymer ukuze kwakhiwe izinto eziqinile neziguquguqukayo ezingasetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza.

I-Carbon Fiber ne-Glass-Reinforced Plastic vs Fiberglass: The Battle of the Fibers

Ake siqale ngezincazelo ezithile. I-Fiberglass iyinhlanganisela eyenziwe ngemicu yengilazi emihle kanye nesisekelo se-polymer, kuyilapho i-carbon fibre iyinhlanganisela eyenziwe nge-carbon fibers kanye nesisekelo se-polymer. Ipulasitiki eqiniswe ngengilazi (GRP) noma ipulasitiki ye-fiberglass-reinforced (FRP) iyinhlanganisela yezinto ezenziwe nge-polymer matrix eqiniswe ngemicu yengilazi. Kokubili i-carbon fibre kanye nepulasitiki eqiniswe ingilazi yizinhlobo zezinhlanganisela, okusho ukuthi zenziwa ngokuhlanganisa izinto ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezinezakhiwo ezihlukene ukuze kwakhiwe into entsha enezakhiwo ezisezingeni eliphezulu.

Amandla Nesisindo Isilinganiso

Uma kuziwa emandleni, i-carbon fiber inesilinganiso samandla esisindweni esicishe siphindwe kabili kunese-fiberglass. I-Industrial carbon fiber inamandla angaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-20 kune-fiberglass ehamba phambili, okuyenza ibe yinto ebusayo ezimbonini lapho amandla nesisindo kuyizinto ezibalulekile. Kodwa-ke, i-fiberglass iseyinketho ethandwayo ezinhlelweni lapho izindleko ziyinkinga enkulu.

Ukukhiqiza Nokuqinisa

Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-carbon fibre ibandakanya ukuncibilika nokuphotha izinto ezinotha ngekhabhoni zibe imicu, bese ihlanganiswa ne-polymer ewuketshezi ukuze kube lula ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlanganisela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-fiberglass yenziwa ngokuluka noma ngokubeka amacansi engilazi noma izindwangu esikhunjeni bese wengeza i-polymer ewuketshezi ukuze kuqiniswe okokusebenza. Zombili izinto zokwakha zingaqiniswa ngemicu eyengeziwe ukuze kwandiswe amandla nokuqina kwazo.

Ukushintshelana kanye Nezakhiwo

Ngenkathi i-carbon fibre kanye ne-fiberglass zivame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana, zinezakhiwo ezahlukene zemishini. I-carbon fiber iqinile futhi inamandla kune-fiberglass, kodwa futhi i-brittle futhi ibiza kakhulu. I-fiberglass, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iguquguquka futhi ingabizi kakhulu kune-carbon fiber, kodwa ayinamandla kangako. Ipulasitiki eqiniswe ngengilazi iwela endaweni ethile phakathi kwakho kokubili ngokwamandla nezindleko.

I-Recycling Fiberglass: Enye Indlela Eluhlaza Yezidingo Eziqinile

I-Fiberglass yinto eqinile futhi eqinile engamelana nokushisa, amanzi, namakhemikhali. Kuyisinqumo esidumile sokufaka ama-insulation, izikebhe, izimoto, nokwakhiwa. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhulunywa ngokulahla i-fiberglass endala, akulula kangako. I-fiberglass yenziwe ngepulasitiki kanye nemicu yengilazi, engakwazi ukubola. Uma ingaphathwa kahle, ingadedela ubuthi endaweni ezungezile futhi ilimaze izilwane zasendle nakubantu.

Inqubo Yokwenza kabusha I-Fiberglass

Ukwenza kabusha i-fiberglass kuthatha inqubo ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-thermal recycling. I-fiberglass ishiselwa ekushiseni okuphezulu, okuguqula ama-organic compounds epulasitiki abe yigesi. Le gesi iyaqoqwa futhi icwengisiswe ukuze ikhiqize kokubili igesi namafutha. Igesi iyafana negesi yemvelo futhi ingasetshenziselwa uphethiloli. Amafutha angasetshenziswa esikhundleni sikawoyela ongahluziwe kweminye imikhiqizo.

Umkhiqizo Wokugcina Osebenzisekayo

I-fiberglass egaywe kabusha ingasetshenziswa njengenye indlela ye-fiberglass entsha ezinhlelweni eziningi. Ingasetshenziselwa ukwakha izikebhe, izimoto, nezindlu. Ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukwahlukanisa, izindonga zolwandle, nezinye izidingo ezikhethekile. I-fiberglass egaywe kabusha iqinile futhi iqinile, njenge-fiberglass entsha, kodwa futhi iluhlaza futhi iyasimama.

Isimangalo Sopondo Wesigidi

Ngokusho kwewebhusayithi ye-Fiberglass Recycling, abakhiqizi baseNyakatho Melika naseziteshini zokudlulisa zaseCanada kanye nezikhungo zokugaywa kabusha bamukela i-postconsumer fiberglass, okuhlanganisa izikebhe ezindala, izimoto, ne-styrofoam. Iwebhusayithi ithi baphinda basebenzise amaphawundi angaphezu kwebhiliyoni e-fiberglass unyaka ngamunye. Leli inani elibalulekile elisiza ekunciphiseni ukungcola nokuvikela imvelo.

Isiphetho

Ngakho-ke, i-fiberglass iyinto eyenziwe ngemicu yengilazi, esetshenziselwa izinto ezihlukahlukene. Iqinile, ingasindi, futhi imelana namanzi, futhi isinesikhathi eside ikhona. Ngethemba ukuthi manje sewazi okwengeziwe ngakho.

Ngingu-Joost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Tools Doctor, umakethi wokuqukethwe, kanye nobaba. Ngiyakuthanda ukuzama okokusebenza okusha, futhi kanye nethimba lami ngidale izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2016 ukuze ngisize abafundi abathembekile ngamathuluzi namathiphu okwenza.