Igolide liyikhemikhali elinophawu lwe-Au (kusuka) kanye nenombolo ye-athomu engu-79. Ngendlela elimsulwa ngayo, liyinsimbi ekhanyayo, ebomvu kancane ephuzi, eminyene, ethambile, ethambile futhi edonsayo.
Ngokwekhemikhali, igolide liyinsimbi yoguquko kanye neqembu le-11 element. Ingenye yezakhi zamakhemikhali ezingasebenzi kancane, futhi iqinile ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile.
Ngakho-ke insimbi ivela kaningi ngendlela yamahhala ye-elemental (yomdabu), njengama-nuggets noma okusanhlamvu, emadwaleni, emithanjeni nase-alluvial deposits. Kwenzeka ochungechungeni lwesixazululo esiqinile esinento yomdabu yesiliva (njenge-electrum) futhi ihlanganiswe ngokwemvelo ngethusi ne-palladium.
Okungavamile, kwenzeka kumaminerali njengamakhompiyutha egolide, ngokuvamile nge-tellurium (i-tellurides yegolide).
Inombolo ye-athomu yegolide engu-79 iyenza ibe ngesinye sezici zezinombolo ze-athomu eziphakeme ezenzeka ngokwemvelo endaweni yonke, futhi ngokwesiko kucatshangwa ukuthi yakhiqizwa ku-supernova nucleosynthesis ukuze kukhishwe uthuli okwakhiwe ngalo iSolar System.
Ngenxa yokuthi uMhlaba wawuncibilikile lapho usanda kwakhiwa, cishe lonke igolide elikhona eMhlabeni lacwila emnyombweni weplanethi.
Ngakho-ke iningi legolide elikhona namuhla oqweqweni kanye nesiphuku soMhlaba kucatshangwa ukuthi lalethwa eMhlabeni kamuva, ngenxa yethonya le-asteroid ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kwamabhomu okunamandla, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine edlule.
Igolide limelana nokuhlaselwa ama-asidi ngamanye, kodwa lingancibilika nge-aqua regia (“royal water” [nitro-hydrochloric acid], eqanjwe kanjalo ngoba incibilikisa “inkosi yensimbi”).
Ingxube ye-asidi idala ukwakheka kwe-anion yegolide ye-tetrachloride encibilikayo. Izinhlanganisela zegolide nazo ziyancibilika ezixazululweni ze-alkaline ze-cyanide, ezisetshenziswe ezimayini.
Incibilika ku-mercury, yakha ama-alloys e-amalgam; ayincibiliki ku-nitric acid, encibilikisa isiliva nezinsimbi eziyisisekelo, impahla osekuyisikhathi eside isetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba khona kwegolide ezintweni, okubangela igama elithi test test.
Le nsimbi bekuyinsimbi eyigugu futhi efunwa kakhulu yemali, ubucwebe, nobunye ubuciko kusukela kudala ngaphambi kokuqala komlando orekhodiwe.
Esikhathini esedlule, izinga legolide lalivame ukusetshenziswa njengenqubomgomo yezimali ngaphakathi naphakathi kwezizwe, kodwa izinhlamvu zemali zegolide zayeka ukwenziwa njengohlobo lwemali ejikelezayo ngawo-1930, futhi izinga legolide lomhlaba (bheka isihloko ukuze uthole imininingwane) ekugcineni layekwa uhlelo lwemali ye-fiat ngemuva kuka-1976.
Inani lomlando legolide lalisekelwe ekuyivelakaleni kwalo okumaphakathi, ukuphatha kalula nokuxutshwa, ukuncibilika kalula, ukungagqwali, umbala ohlukile, kanye nokungasebenzeki kwezinye izakhi.
Isamba samathani egolide ayizi-174,100 asembiwe emlandweni wesintu, ngokusho kwe-GFMS kusukela ngo-2012. Lokhu cishe kulingana nama-troy ounces ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5.6 noma, ngokomthamo, cishe 9020 m3, noma ikhiyubhu engama-21 m ohlangothini.
Ukusetshenziswa komhlaba wonke kwegolide elisha elikhiqizwayo cishe ku-50% kubucwebe, ama-40% ekutshalweni kwezimali, kanye no-10% embonini.
Ukuguquguquka okuphezulu kwegolide, ukudumba, ukumelana nokugqwala nokunye okuningi kokusebenza kwamakhemikhali, kanye nokusebenza kukagesi kuholele ekuqhubekeleni phambili nokusetshenziswa kwezixhumi zikagesi ezingagqwali kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemishini yekhompyutha (ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuyinhloko kwezimboni).
Igolide libuye lisetshenziswe ekuvikeleni i-infrared, ekukhiqizeni ingilazi enemibala, nasekufakeni amaqabunga egolide. Usawoti othile wegolide usasetshenziswa njengama-anti-inflammatories kwezokwelapha.
Ngingu-Joost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Tools Doctor, umakethi wokuqukethwe, kanye nobaba. Ngiyakuthanda ukuzama okokusebenza okusha, futhi kanye nethimba lami ngidale izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2016 ukuze ngisize abafundi abathembekile ngamathuluzi namathiphu okwenza.