I-Lacquer iyinto eyenziwe nge-resin, etholakala ekusithekeni kwesihlahla noma isinambuzane. Isetshenziselwa ukwakha isiphetho esicwebezelayo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Iwumsebenzi oguquguqukayo ongasetshenziswa ukuvikela nokuhlobisa cishe noma yini kusukela ezinsimbini zomculo kuya ifenisha kuya ezimotweni.
Ake sibheke umlando kanye nokusetshenziswa kwale nto eyingqayizivele.
Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizomboza:
I-Lacquer - Umhlahlandlela Wokugcina
I-Lacquer uhlobo lwezinto ezibonakalayo ezivame ukusetshenziswa njengokuqeda noma enamathela ngokhuni, insimbi, nezinye izindawo. Iyashesha kakhulu ukoma futhi ingaveza indawo ecwebezelayo futhi ebushelelezi uma isetshenziswe kahle. Inhloso eyinhloko ye-lacquer ukuvikela ubuso obuhlanganisayo, ishiya isendlalelo esiqinile nesiqinile esingahlala iminyaka.
Umlando we-Lacquer
I-Lacquer ibilokhu isetshenziswa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ngokukhiqizwa okusukela emuva ku-5000 BCE. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-lacquer kuhlanganisa ukukhipha i-resin emithini kanye nokwengeza ama-wax nezinye izinhlanganisela ukudala ifomu elifanele. Ezikhathini zasendulo, i-lacquer yayivame ukusetshenziselwa ukudala ukuqedwa okumibalabala nokucwebezelayo kufenisha nezinye izinto zokuhlobisa.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-lacquer
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-lacquer, ngayinye enezici zayo eziyingqayizivele kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo. Ezinye zezinhlobo ezidume kakhulu ze-lacquer zihlanganisa:
- I-Nitrocellulose lacquer: Lona uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-lacquer olusetshenziswa ezikhathini zanamuhla. Yaziwa ngesikhathi sayo sokumisa ngokushesha nokusebenzisa okulula.
- I-lacquer esekelwe emanzini: Lolu hlobo lwe-lacquer luphansi kuma-VOC futhi lulungile kulabo abafuna ukuthola inketho eco-friendly.
- I-lacquer yangaphambi kwe-catalyzed: Lolu hlobo lwe-lacquer ludinga umenzi ozinikele ukuthi aphathe umkhiqizo, futhi waziwa ngokuhlala kwawo okuphezulu nokuqedwa okubushelelezi.
- I-lacquer ye-post-catalyzed: Lolu hlobo lwe-lacquer lufana ne-lacquer yangaphambi kwe-catalyzed kodwa ludinga isinyathelo esengeziwe sokususa i-catalyst ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.
- I-lacquer ye-UV-cured: Lolu hlobo lwe-lacquer loma ngokushesha futhi lugcina isicwebezelisi esiphezulu.
Izinzuzo Nezingozi Zokusebenzisa I-Lacquer
Njenganoma yimuphi umkhiqizo, i-lacquer inezinzuzo nezingozi zayo. Nawa amanye amaphuzu abalulekile okufanele uwacabangele:
buhle:
- Inikeza isiphetho esibushelelezi nesicwebezelayo
- Ivikela ubuso obumboziwe
- Yoma ngokushesha
- Ingasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene
bawo:
- Idinga umoya ofanele kanye nempahla yokuphepha ngesikhathi sokufaka isicelo
- Ingabangela izinkinga zezempilo uma ingasetshenziswa kahle
- Kungase kudinge amajazi amaningi ukuze kufakwe kahle
- Kungaba nzima ukususa uma sekufakiwe
Indlela Yokufaka I-Lacquer
Ukufaka i-lacquer kudinga umsebenzi othile nokunaka imininingwane. Nazi izinyathelo ezibalulekile okufanele uzilandele:
- Sande indawo engaphezulu ukuze imbozwe nge-sandpaper ye-fine-grit ukuze udale indawo ebushelelezi.
- Gcoba i-lacquer emajazini amancane, uvumele ijazi ngalinye ukuba lome ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokwengeza elinye.
- Kuye ngohlobo lwe-lacquer esetshenzisiwe, kungase kudinge ukuthungatha phakathi kwamajazi ukuze udale isiphetho esibushelelezi.
- Uma ijazi lokugcina lisetshenzisiwe, vumela i-lacquer ukuba yome ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ubuso.
Ukusetshenziswa Okuvamile kwe-Lacquer
I-Lacquer isetshenziselwa izinjongo ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise:
- Ukudala isiphetho esicwebezelayo kwifenisha nezinye izinto zokuhlobisa
- Ukuvikela izinsimbi zomculo, njenge-maple nomlotha, emonakalweni
- Ukwengeza ungqimba lwesivikelo endaweni yensimbi ukuvimbela ukugqwala nomunye umonakalo
Umehluko Phakathi Kwe-Lacquer nokunye Ukuqeda
Nakuba i-lacquer iwuhlobo oludumile lokuqeda, akuyona kuphela inketho etholakalayo. Nansi umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-lacquer nezinye iziqephu:
- I-Lacquer yoma ngokushesha kunezinye iziqephu, njenge-varnish ne-shellac.
- I-Lacquer ihlala isikhathi eside kunezinye iziqephu futhi ingakwazi ukumelana nokuguga nokukhala.
- I-Lacquer ihlotshaniswa nezinga eliphezulu lama-VOC, elingabangela izinkinga zezempilo uma lingasetshenziswa kahle.
I-Etymology Ethakazelisayo ye-Lacquer
Igama elithi "lacquer" linomlando ocebile futhi oyinkimbinkimbi, nencazelo yawo kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo eziguqukayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-alternative yasendulo ye-lacquer yesimanje yayiyinto engokwemvelo ye-resinous etholakala ekusithekeni kwezinambuzane ze-lac. Igama elithi “lacquer” lisuselwa egameni lesiPheresiya elithi “lak” nelesiHindi elithi “lākh”, womabili asho ukuthi “izinkulungwane eziyikhulu”. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kuthatha inani elithile lezinambuzane ukukhiqiza inani elincane le-resinous material.
Ukuhunyushwa kwe-Lacquer
Igama elithi "lacquer" liye lahunyushelwa ezilimini eziningi phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, kuhlanganise isiLatini, isiFulentshi, isiPutukezi, isi-Arabhu, nesiSanskrit. NgesiLatini, igama le-lacquer lithi "laca", kuyilapho ngesiFulentshi elithi "laque". NgesiPutukezi, igama elithi “lacca”, kanti ngesi-Arabhu lithi “lakk”. NgesiSanskrit, igama le-lacquer lithi “lākshā”, elisuselwe esenzweni esithi “laksha”, okusho ukuthi “ukumaka noma ukugqoka”.
Ukuthandwa Okungapheli kwe-Lacquer
Naphezu kokuhumusha okuningi nokuhlukahluka kwegama elithi "lacquer", impahla ngokwayo iye yahlala ingashintshi kuwo wonke umlando. Ukuduma kwayo okungapheli kuwubufakazi bokusebenza kwayo okuhlukahlukene nokuqina, kanye nekhono layo lokuthuthukisa ubuhle banoma iyiphi indawo esetshenziswa kuyo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isetshenziswe ezikhathini zasendulo noma ukukhiqizwa kwesimanje, i-lacquer iyaqhubeka nokuba yinto eyigugu kakhulu futhi efunwa kakhulu.
Izinhlobo ezi-5 ze-Lacquer kanye nokuqedwa kwazo okuhlukile
1. I-Nitrocellulose Lacquer
I-Nitrocellulose lacquer ingenye yezinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu futhi ezivame ukusetshenziswa ze-lacquer phakathi kwezingcweti nabakhiqizi. Kuyi-lacquer yendabuko esetshenziswe izinsimbi zomculo isikhathi eside. Izithako eziyinhloko ezibangela ukomiswa kwe-nitrocellulose lacquer yizincibilikisi ezisebenzayo ezihwamuka ngokushesha. Lolu hlobo lwe-lacquer luzwela kakhulu kumakhemikhali athile futhi lungalimala kalula. Amagama ajwayeleke kakhulu e-sheen e-nitrocellulose lacquer kusukela kokuncane kakhulu kuya kokucwebezela kakhulu yilawa: isicaba, i-matte, igobolondo leqanda, i-satin, i-semi-gloss, ne-gloss.
2. I-Lacquer Esekelwe Ngamanzi
I-lacquer esekelwe emanzini iwuhlobo olusha lwe-lacquer oluya ngokuya luthandwa ngenxa yezindawo zalo ezinobungani bemvelo. Ifana ne-nitrocellulose lacquer ngokwenqubo yayo yokomisa, kodwa iqukethe amanzi esikhundleni se-solvents. I-lacquer esekelwe emanzini iyisinqumo esihle kulabo abazwela kumakhemikhali athile futhi bafuna isikhathi sokumisa ngokushesha. Amazinga we-sheen we-lacquer esekelwe emanzini ajwayelekile futhi afaka isicaba, i-matte, i-satin, ne-gloss.
3. I-Lacquer Yangaphambili Ye-Catalyzed
I-lacquer yangaphambi kwe-catalyzed iwuhlobo lwe-lacquer oluvame ukutholakala ezitolo ezisebenza ngokhuni. Kungumkhiqizo onezingxenye ezimbili oqala ukwelapha ngokushesha nje lapho izingxenye ezimbili zihlanganiswa ndawonye. Lolu hlobo lwe-lacquer luhloselwe ukuthwala izinga eliqinile lokuvikela futhi luyisinqumo esihle kulabo abafuna ukuqedwa okuphezulu. I-lacquer pre-catalyzed iyatholakala ngamaleveli e-sheen ahlukene, okuhlanganisa isicaba, i-satin, ne-gloss.
4. I-Acrylic Lacquer
I-Acrylic lacquer iyinhlobo eyingqayizivele ye-lacquer enikeza isiphetho esibushelelezi futhi esilula ukuhlanza. Ivame ukusetshenziswa ensimbi futhi iyisinqumo esihle kulabo abafuna isiphetho esihle, esihlanzekile. I-Acrylic lacquer ivumela ukuthi kube nemiphumela ehlukahlukene ukuze ingezwe ekugcineni, kufaka phakathi umbala nokuthungwa. Amazinga we-sheen we-acrylic lacquer afaka isicaba, i-matte, i-satin, ne-gloss.
5. Ukuguqulwa kwe-Varnish Lacquer
Ukuguqulwa kwe-varnish lacquer kuwuhlobo lwe-lacquer olutholakala phakathi kwe-lacquer yendabuko kanye ne-polyurethane yesimanje. Kuyinhlanganisela enezingxenye ezimbili ezihloselwe ukuvikela nokuvimbela ukulimala kwezinkuni. I-varnish yokuguqula i-lacquer ihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi iyisinqumo esihle kulabo abafuna ukuphela okuhlala isikhathi eside. Amazinga we-sheen walolu hlobo lwe-lacquer ahlanganisa i-matte, i-satin, ne-gloss.
Okukhona Kumiksi: I-Nitty-Gritty Yezixazululi Ze-Lacquer Ezivamile Nezithasiselo
I-Lacquer iwukuphela kwezinkuni ezithandwayo ezisetshenziswe amakhulu eminyaka. Iwukuphela kwezinto ezihlukahlukene futhi ezihlala isikhathi eside ezingasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, kusukela kufenisha kuya kwezinsimbi zomculo. Kodwa-ke, inqubo yokudala i-lacquer ihilela ukusetshenziswa kwe-solvents kanye izithasiselo lokho kungaba yingozi empilweni yomuntu. Nazi ezinye izincibilikisi ezivame kakhulu ezitholakala ku-lacquer:
- I-Toluene: Lesi sincibilikisi sivame ukusetshenziswa ku-lacquer ngoba ihwamuka ngokushesha futhi ishiye isiphetho esibushelelezi. Kodwa-ke, inobuthi obukhulu futhi ingabangela ikhanda, isiyezi, ngisho nokuquleka uma ihogelwe kakhulu.
- I-Xylenes: Lezi zincibilikizi ziyafana ne-toluene futhi zivame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlangana nayo. Zinobuthi futhi zingabangela izinkinga zokuphefumula, ikhanda elibuhlungu, nesiyezi.
- I-Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK): Lesi sincibilikisi sivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-lacquers ezimbonini ngoba sisebenza kahle kakhulu ekuhlakazeni ama-resin nezinye izinto. Kodwa-ke, iphinde ivuthe kakhulu futhi ingabangela ukucasuka kwesikhumba nezinkinga zokuphefumula uma ihogeliwe.
- I-Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (MIBK): Lesi sincibilikisi siyefana ne-MEK futhi sivame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa naso. Iphinde ivuthe kakhulu futhi ingabangela ukucasuka kwesikhumba kanye nezinkinga zokuphefumula.
- I-Formaldehyde: Lesi sithasiselo sisetshenziswa kwezinye izinhlobo ze-lacquer ukuyisiza yome ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, futhi i-carcinogen eyaziwayo futhi ingabangela izinkinga zokuphefumula uma ihogeliwe.
- I-Methanol: Lesi sici sivame ukusetshenziswa ku-lacquer ngoba ihwamuka ngokushesha futhi ishiye isiphetho esibushelelezi. Nokho, inobuthi obukhulu futhi ingabangela ubumpumputhe, ukulimala kwesibindi, ngisho nokufa uma idliwe.
Izithasiselo ezisetshenziswa ku-Lacquer
Ngaphandle kwama-solvents, i-lacquer iqukethe nezinhlobonhlobo zezithasiselo ezisiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza nokubukeka kwayo. Nazi ezinye izengezo ezivame kakhulu ezitholakala ku-lacquer:
- Ama-Plasticizers: Lezi zithako zisiza ukwenza i-lacquer ibe nezimo futhi imelane nokuqhekeka nokuxebuka.
- I-UV Stabilizers: Lezi zithako zisiza ukuvikela i-lacquer emiphumeleni elimazayo yokukhanya kwelanga nezinye izinhlobo zemisebe ye-UV.
- Okomisa: Lezi zithako zisiza ukusheshisa inqubo yokomisa futhi zithuthukise ubulukhuni nokuqina kwesiphetho.
- Izingulube: Lezi zithako zisetshenziselwa ukunikeza i-lacquer umbala wayo futhi zingenziwa ngezinto ezihlukahlukene zemvelo nezokwenziwa.
- Ama-resin: Lezi zithako zisiza ukuhlanganisa ezinye izithako futhi zithuthukise ukunamathela nokuqina kwesiphetho.
Ingabe I-Lacquer Izinkuni Ezilungile Ziqedile Kuwe?
- I-Lacquer iyisiphetho esiguquguqukayo esingasetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinkuni, kusukela kukhuni oluqinile kuya kumsayiphuresi.
- Ukufaka i-lacquer kulula futhi kudinga imishini encane. Ungayigcoba ngebhulashi noma uyifuthoze.
- I-Lacquer yoma ngokushesha, okusho ukuthi ungasebenzisa amajazi amaningi ngesikhathi esifushane.
- Isikhathi sokumisa ngokushesha siphinde sisho ukuthi ungakwazi ukuhamba esitezi esiqediwe phakathi namahora ngemva kokusigcoba.
- I-Lacquer iyindlela engabizi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye iziqephu, ezifana nokuqedwa okusekelwe kumafutha.
- I-Lacquer itholakala kabanzi futhi ifika ezinkulungwaneni zezinketho, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwezinkuni kanye nesiphetho esifunayo.
- I-Lacquer idala isiphetho esiqinile futhi esiqinile esingahlala iminyaka.
Ukukhetha Ukuqeda Okungcono Kakhulu Kwezinkuni Zakho
- Cabangela uhlobo lwezinkuni oluqedayo kanye nokubukeka okufunayo ofuna ukukufeza.
- Hlola umswakama wezinkuni ngaphambi kokufaka noma yikuphi ukuqedwa ukuze uvimbele izinkinga ezansi komugqa.
- Hlola ukuqedwa okuhlukile endaweni encane yokhuni ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ujabule ngomphumela.
- Kuye ngokhuni nokuqedwa, kungase kudingeke ukuthi usebenzise amajazi amaningi ukuze ufinyelele ukubukeka okufunayo nokuqina.
- Njalo vumela isiphetho some ngokugcwele ngaphambi kokufaka amajazi engeziwe noma ukuhamba esitezi esiqediwe.
- Cabangela izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwenketho ngayinye yokuqeda ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo esingujuqu.
Isiphetho
Ngakho-ke, lokho kuyi-lacquer yakho- into esetshenziselwa ukumboza izindawo ukuze uzivikele futhi uzihlobise. I-Lacquer isetshenziswe amakhulu eminyaka futhi inomlando ocebile kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo.
Manje kufanele wazi umehluko phakathi kwe-lacquer ne-varnish, futhi kungani i-lacquer iyisinqumo esingcono sokuqeda. Ngakho-ke, qhubeka futhi uzame!
Ngingu-Joost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Tools Doctor, umakethi wokuqukethwe, kanye nobaba. Ngiyakuthanda ukuzama okokusebenza okusha, futhi kanye nethimba lami ngidale izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2016 ukuze ngisize abafundi abathembekile ngamathuluzi namathiphu okwenza.
