I-Latex iwukuhlakazeka okuzinzile (emulsion) kwama-polymer microparticles endaweni enamanzi. Ama-Latex angase abe emvelo noma enziwe.
Ingenziwa ngokwenziwa nge-polymerizing i-monomer efana ne-styrene efakwe emulsified ngama-surfactants.
I-latex njengoba itholakala emvelweni iwuketshezi olubisi olutholakala ku-10% wazo zonke izitshalo eziqhakaza (angiosperms).
Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizomboza:
Yini ekwi-Latex?
I-Latex iyi-polymer yemvelo ekhiqizwa ngendlela yobisi olutholakala egxolweni le enjoloba izihlahla. Lesi sithako sakhiwe nge-emulsion ye-hydrocarbon, okuyingxube yezinhlanganisela zezinto eziphilayo. I-latex yakhiwa amangqamuzana amancane, imisele, namashubhu atholakala egxolweni elingaphakathi lesihlahla.
Umndeni Wenjoloba
I-Latex wuhlobo lwenjoloba oluphuma obisini lwezihlahla zenjoloba, eziyingxenye yomndeni i-Euphorbiaceae. Ezinye izitshalo kulo mndeni zihlanganisa i-milkweed, i-mulberry, i-dogbane, i-chicory, ne-sunflower. Kodwa-ke, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-latex luvela ohlotsheni lwe-Hevea brasiliensis, oludabuka eNingizimu Melika kodwa luchuma emazweni aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia njengeThailand ne-Indonesia.
Inqubo Yokuvuna
Ukuze bavune i-latex, ama-tappers enza uchungechunge lokusikeka emagxolweni esihlahla futhi aqoqe ubisi olunobisi oluphumayo. Inqubo ayisilimazi isihlahla, futhi ingaqhubeka nokukhiqiza i-latex iminyaka efika kwengama-30. I-Latex itholakala ngokuqhubekayo, okuyenza ibe impahla eco-friendly.
Ukubunjwa
I-Latex yakhiwa cishe amaphesenti angu-30 ezinhlayiya zenjoloba, amaphesenti angu-60 amanzi, namaphesenti ayishumi ezinye izinto ezinjengamaprotheni, izinhlaka, noshukela. Amandla nokunwebeka kwe-latex kuvela kuma-molecule amaketanga amade ezinhlayiya zenjoloba.
Izinto Zasekhaya Ezijwayelekile
I-Latex isetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto zasendlini, kufaka phakathi:
- amagilavu
- Amakhondomu
- Amabhaluni
- Amabhendi e-elastic
- Amabhola ethenisi
- Omatilasi abamagwebu
- Izingono zebhodlela lengane
I-University Bachelor of Science in Horticulture
Njengomuntu oneBachelor of Science in Horticulture, ngingakutshela ukuthi inqubo yokukhiqiza i-latex iyajabulisa. Uma uhlehlisa amagxolo esihlahla senjoloba, ungaphazamisa imigudu eveza ubisi lwe-latex olune-milky. Kuyamangaza ukucabanga ukuthi le nto ingashintshwa ibe yimikhiqizo eminingi ehlukahlukene esiyisebenzisa nsuku zonke.
Iqiniso Ngokuthi I-Latex Ivelaphi
I-Latex iyinto yemvelo etholakala emagxolweni ezihlahla zenjoloba, ezizalelwa eNingizimu Melika. Uketshezi olulubisi lwakhiwe ngamaphesenti angu-30 kuya kwangu-40 amanzi kanye namaphesenti angu-60 kuya kwangu-70 ezinhlayiya zenjoloba. Imikhumbi ye-latex ikhula ngokuzungeza amagxolo esihlahla.
Izinhlobo Ezihlukene Zezihlahla Zenjoloba
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezihlahla zenjoloba, kodwa esivame kakhulu isihlahla senjoloba iPará, esichuma ezindaweni ezishisayo. Ivame ukutshalwa emasimini enjoloba, lapho ingavunwa khona ngezinga elikhulu.
Indlela Yokucubungula
Inqubo yokuguqula i-latex ibe irabha ihilela izinyathelo ezimbalwa, ezihlanganisa ukujiya, ukuwasha, nokomisa. Lapho i-coagulation, i-latex iphathwa nge-asidi ukuze ibangele izinhlayiya zenjoloba ukuthi zihlangane ndawonye. Okuqinile okuvelayo kuyagezwa futhi komiswe ukuze kukhishwe amanzi amaningi futhi kwakhiwe impahla yerabha esebenzisekayo.
I-Synthetic Latex vs I-Latex Yemvelo
I-latex yokwenziwa iyindlela evamile kune-latex yemvelo. Yenziwe ngamakhemikhali asekelwe ku-petroleum futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni efana nomatilasi nemicamelo. Nakuba i-latex yokwenziwa ishibhile futhi kulula ukuyikhiqiza, ayinawo amandla afanayo nokuqina njenge-latex yemvelo.
Ukufunda Nge-Latex
Njengombhali oneBachelor of Science in Horticulture, ngifunde okuningi nge-latex nezakhiwo zayo. Ngenkathi ngisebenzela insizakalo yokuhlela ngo-Agasti, ngathola ukuthi i-latex iyinto ethokozisayo enokusetshenziswa okuningi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unentshisekelo ohlotsheni olulula lwe-latex noma izindlela ezihlukene ezingacutshungulwa ngazo, kuhlale kunokuningi ongakufunda mayelana nalesi sithako esisebenzayo.
Ukuvuna I-Latex: Ubuciko Bokukhipha Impahla Ehlukahlukene
- I-Latex iwuketshezi olunobisi olutholakala emagxolweni ezihlahla zenjoloba, ukhuni oluqinile lwendawo eshisayo olutholakala esihlahleni senjoloba sasePará (Hevea brasiliensis).
- Ukuze baqale inqubo yokukhiqiza i-latex, ama-tappers asika amagxolo amancane esihlahleni, aveze obala imikhumbi ye-latex equkethe lolu ketshezi.
- Amagxolo asikwa ngendlela ezungezayo, eyaziwa ngokuthi ama-grooves, evumela ukuthi i-latex iphume esihlahleni futhi iye enkomishini yeqoqo.
- Inqubo yokuvuna i-latex ihlanganisa ukuthepha njalo isihlahla, okuqala lapho isihlahla sesineminyaka eyisithupha ubudala futhi siqhubeke iminyaka engaba ngu-25.
Ukuqoqa ama-sap: Ukudalwa kweLatex eluhlaza
- Lapho amagxolo esesikiwe, i-latex igeleza iphume esihlahleni iye enkomishini yokuqoqa.
- Ama-tappers ajwayele ukuqoqa izinkomishi, azishintshe njengoba kudingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukugeleza okuzinzile kwe-latex.
- Ubisi oluqoqiwe lube seluhlungwa ukuze kukhishwe noma yikuphi ukungcola bese kupakishwa ezigubhu ukuze kuthuthwe.
- Abanye abakhiqizi babhema i-latex ukuze bayilondoloze ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa.
Ukucubungula i-Latex: Kusukela ku-Raw Material kuya kuMkhiqizo Oqediwe
- Ngaphambi kokuba i-latex isetshenziswe, ithola ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali amaningana ukuze isuse ukungcola futhi ithuthukise izici zayo.
- Isinyathelo sokuqala i-prevulcanization, okubandakanya ukushisa okuthambile ukuze kukhishwe amanzi amaningi futhi kusimamise impahla.
- Okulandelayo, i-latex igoqwa ibe amashidi amancane futhi yomiswe ukuze kukhishwe noma yimuphi umswakama osele.
- I-Acid ibe isifakwa emashidini omisiwe ukuze kukhishwe noma yikuphi ukungcola okusele futhi kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zezinto.
- Isinyathelo sokugcina sihlanganisa ukushisa i-latex ukuze udale umkhiqizo ophelile olungele ukusetshenziswa.
Ukubaluleka Kokuphazamisa Isitshalo: Ukuthi Ukuvuna Kusithinta Kanjani Isihlahla Senjoloba
- Nakuba ukuvuna i-latex kuyadingeka ekukhiqizeni irabha, kungase futhi kuphazamise izinqubo zemvelo zesitshalo.
- Amagxolo esihlahla aqukethe imigudu ethutha amanzi nezakhamzimba kuso sonke isitshalo.
- Ukusika amagxolo kuphazamisa le migudu, okungase kuthinte ukukhula nempilo yesihlahla.
- Ukuze banciphise umthelela wokuvuna, ama-tappers asebenzisa isimiso esivamile sokuthepha futhi bazungezisa izihlahla abavuna kuzo ukuze banikeze isikhathi sokuphola kwamagxolo.
Ukudalwa Kwerabha: Ukusuka kuLatex kuya kokubalulekile
Inqubo yokukhiqiza injoloba iqala ngokuvunwa ubisi olumhlophe, noma i-latex, ezihlahleni zenjoloba. Lokhu kuhilela ukusika amagxolo esihlahla nokuqoqa uketshezi ezitsheni, inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi ukucofa. I-latex ibe isiyekwa ukuthi igeleze futhi iqoqwe ezinkomishini, ezibekwe ngokufanelekile emiseleni noma emiculweni esikwe esihlahleni. Ama-tappers aqhubeka nokwengeza izinkomishi njengoba ukugeleza kwe-latex kukhula, futhi azisuse njengoba ukugeleza kuncipha. Ezindaweni ezinkulu, i-latex ivunyelwe ukuhlangana enkomishini yokuqoqa.
Ukucwenga kanye nokucubungula i-Latex ibe yi-Rubber
Uma i-latex isiqoqiwe, iyacolisiswa ibe yirabha elungele ukusetshenzelwa ukuhweba. Ukwakhiwa kwerabha kuhilela izinyathelo ezimbalwa, ezihlanganisa:
- Ukuhlunga i-latex ukuze kukhishwe noma yikuphi ukungcola
- Ukupakisha i-latex ehlungiwe ezigubhini zokuthutha
- Ukubhema i-latex ene-asidi, okubangela ukuthi ibambene futhi yakhe izigaxa
- Ukugingqa i-latex ehlanganisiwe ukukhipha noma yimaphi amanzi amaningi
- Ukomisa i-latex egoqiwe ukuze kukhishwe noma yimuphi umswakama osele
- Imithi yokwelapha yangaphambi kwe-vulcanization yokwenza irabha iqine kakhudlwana
Ukushisisa Okumnene futhi Kuphazamise Isitshalo
Ukwakhiwa kwenjoloba kuhlanganisa nokushisa okuthambile nokuphazamisa isitshalo. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuthepha isihlahla, okuphazamisa imigudu lapho i-latex igeleza khona. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kuvumela i-latex ukuthi igeleze ngokukhululekile futhi ijwayele ukuhlangana endaweni yokuqoqwa. I-latex ibe isishisiswe ibe izinga lokushisa eliphansi, eliphazamisa ukuthambekela kwemvelo kwesitshalo kokujiya i-latex. Le nqubo yokushisisa ibizwa ngokuthi i-prevulcanization.
Ukucutshungulwa Kokugcina Nokukhiqiza
Uma i-latex isicutshunguliwe futhi yacwengwa, isilungele ukukhiqizwa kokugcina. Injoloba ixubene namakhemikhali afanelekile nezithasiselo ukuze kwakhiwe izinto ezidingekayo, njengokunwebeka nokuqina. Khona-ke injoloba ibunjwa ibe izimo nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, njengamasondo, amagilavu, neminye imikhiqizo.
I-Synthetic Latex: I-Plastic Alternative
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-latex yokwenziwa kuhilela inqubo elula yokuxuba izinhlanganisela ezimbili ze-petroleum, i-Styrene ne-Butadiene, ndawonye. Le ngxube ibe isishisisiwe, okuholela ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali okukhiqiza i-latex yokwenziwa. Umkhiqizo owumphumela ube usupholiswa bese ukwakhiwa ube yizinhlobonhlobo zomumo nezinhlobo, kuye ngezidingo ezithile zemakethe.
Yiziphi Izinzuzo ze-Synthetic Latex?
I-latex ye-synthetic inikeza izinzuzo ezihlukahlukene ngaphezu kwe-latex yemvelo, okuhlanganisa:
- Ivamise ukuthengeka kakhulu kune-latex yemvelo
- Itholakala kabanzi emakethe
- Iqinile ngokwemvelo futhi inikeza umuzwa ongaguquguquki
- Igcina isimo sayo isikhathi eside
- Akuthintwa ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, okuyenza ikhululeke ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezishisayo nezipholile
- Ivamise ukudubeka kakhulu kune-latex yemvelo
- Ingakhiqizwa ngezindlela ezahlukene kanye nemikhiqizo, kuye ngezidingo ezithile zemakethe
Yini Okufanele Uyicabangele Lapho Ukhetha Phakathi Kwe-Latex Yemvelo Neyokwenziwa?
Lapho ukhetha phakathi kwe-latex yemvelo neyokwenziwa, kunezinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzicabangele, okuhlanganisa:
- Izidingo zakho ezithile kanye nezintandokazi zakho
- Izinzuzo ezingaba khona kanye nezithiyo zohlobo ngalunye lwe-latex
- Ikhwalithi nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ekwenzeni umkhiqizo
- Inkampani noma umkhiqizo okhiqiza umkhiqizo
- Intengo ozimisele ukuyikhokhela umkhiqizo
I-Latex vs Rubber Debate: Uyini Umehluko?
Irabha, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iwumkhiqizo oqediwe owenziwe nge-latex yemvelo noma yokwenziwa. Ngokujwayelekile isho into ehlala isikhathi eside, engangeni manzi, futhi enwebekayo ehlanganisa ama-microparticles e-polymer esixazululweni esinamanzi. Igama elithi 'iraba' liphethe incazelo yangempela uma kuqhathaniswa 'ne-latex,' ebhekisela kuhlobo oluwuketshezi lwento.
Yimiphi Imehluko Eyinhloko?
Ngenkathi i-latex nerabha zivame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana, kunomehluko othile phakathi kwalokhu okubili:
- I-Latex iwuketshezi lwerabha, kanti irabha iwumkhiqizo oqediwe.
- I-Latex iyimpahla yemvelo ekhiqizwa emanzini ezihlahla zenjoloba, kuyilapho irabha ingaba yemvelo noma yokwenziwa futhi ngokuvamile isekelwe ku-petrochemical.
- I-Latex iyanwebeka kakhulu futhi imelana namazinga okushisa, kuyilapho irabha inganwebeka kancane futhi inokumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphansi.
- I-Latex ivamise ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yabathengi neyezokwelapha, kanti irabha ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini zezimoto nezokwakha.
- I-Latex inephrofayili ehlukile eyenza ifanele ukusetshenziswa kwezinkulungwane zansuku zonke, okuhlanganisa ukupheka, kuyilapho irabha ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile.
- I-Latex inhle kakhulu ensizakalweni yokuzamazama komhlaba futhi ibambe kahle emadolobheni anokuchayeka okuphezulu kumazinga okushisa namanzi, kuyilapho irabha ingcono ukugcinwa nokubamba.
Yiziphi Izinzuzo ze-Latex?
I-Latex inikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zenjoloba, okuhlanganisa:
- Kuyimpahla yemvelo enobungani bemvelo futhi esimeme.
- Iyanwebeka kakhulu futhi imelana namazinga okushisa, okuyenza ifaneleke uhla olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza.
- Ayingeni manzi futhi imelana namakhemikhali amaningi, okwenza ilungele ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yabathengi neyezokwelapha.
- Kulula ukuyikhiqiza futhi ingatholakala ngobuningi ezindaweni ezishisayo.
- Kuyinto ethandwa kakhulu kulabo abanokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile, njengoba ngokuvamile ayinazo izingxenye ezifanayo namarabha okwenziwa.
Isiphetho
Ngakho-ke usunakho- konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana ne-latex. Kuyi-polymer yemvelo ekhiqizwe into enobisi etholakala emagxolweni ezihlahla zenjoloba. Yimpahla enhle yazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto zasendlini, kusukela kumagilavu kuya kumakhondomu kuya kumabhaluni. Ngakho ngesikhathi esilandelayo lapho ufuna okokusebenza ongakusebenzisa, cabangela i-latex!
Ngingu-Joost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Tools Doctor, umakethi wokuqukethwe, kanye nobaba. Ngiyakuthanda ukuzama okokusebenza okusha, futhi kanye nethimba lami ngidale izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2016 ukuze ngisize abafundi abathembekile ngamathuluzi namathiphu okwenza.
