I-light-emitting diode (LED) ingumthombo wokukhanya wesemiconductor enamalead amabili. Kuyi-pn-junction diode, ekhipha ukukhanya uma yenziwe yasebenza.
Ziwusizo kakhulu kumabhentshi okusebenza, amaphrojekthi wokwakha ukukhanyisa, ngisho namathuluzi kagesi ngokuqondile ngoba zisebenzisa amandla amancane futhi zikhipha umthombo wokukhanya oqinile futhi ozinzile.
Yilokho okufunayo lapho ukhanyisa iphrojekthi, ukukhanya okungacwayizi futhi okunganikwa amandla kalula, kusukela kubhethri noma ithuluzi ngokwalo ngisho.
Lapho i-voltage efanelekile isetshenziswa emithonjeni, ama-electron angaphinde ahlangane nezimbobo zama-electron ngaphakathi kwedivayisi, akhiphe amandla ngendlela yama-photons.
Lo mphumela ubizwa ngokuthi i-electroluminescence, futhi umbala wokukhanya (ohambisana namandla e-photon) unqunywa igebe lebhande lamandla le-semiconductor.
I-LED ivamise ukuba yindawo encane (ngaphansi kuka-1 mm2) futhi izingxenye zokubona ezihlanganisiwe zingase zisetshenziselwe ukulolonga iphethini yayo yemisebe.
Ebonakala njengezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezisebenzayo ngo-1962, ama-LED akudala akhipha ukukhanya kwe-infrared okunamandla aphansi.
Ama-LED e-infrared asasetshenziswa kaningi njengama-elementi okudlulisa kumasekhethi okulawula ukude, njengalawo akuzilawuli kude zezinhlobonhlobo zama-electronics omthengi.
Ama-LED okuqala abonakalayo akhanyayo nawo abenamandla aphansi, futhi akhawulelwe kokubomvu. Ama-LED esimanje ayatholakala kuwo wonke amaza abonakalayo, ama-ultraviolet, namaza e-infrared, anokukhanya okuphezulu kakhulu.
Ama-LED asekuqaleni ayevame ukusetshenziswa njengezibani zezinkomba zemishini kagesi, esikhundleni sezibani ezincane ze-incandescent.
Ngokushesha apakishwa ekufundweni kwezinombolo ngendlela yokuboniswa kwezingxenye eziyisikhombisa, futhi ayevame ukubonakala kumawashi edijithali.
Intuthuko yakamuva kuma-LED iwavumela ukuthi asetshenziselwe ukukhanyisa imvelo nomsebenzi.
Ama-LED anezinzuzo eziningi kunemithombo yokukhanya ye-incandescent ehlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, impilo ende, ukuqina komzimba okuthuthukisiwe, usayizi omncane, nokushintsha okusheshayo.
Ama-diode akhipha ukukhanya manje asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene njengokukhanyisa kwezindiza, amalambu ezimoto, ukukhangisa, ukukhanya okuvamile, amasignali ethrafikhi, nokubaneka kwamakhamera.
Kodwa-ke, ama-LED anamandla ngokwanele okukhanyisa kwegumbi asabiza kakhulu, futhi adinga ukulawulwa okunembe kakhudlwana kwamanje nokushisa kunemithombo yesibani ehlangene ye-fluorescent yokukhishwayo okufanayo.
Ama-LED avumele umbhalo omusha, izibonisi zevidiyo, nezinzwa ukuthi zithuthukiswe, kuyilapho amanani azo okushintsha aphezulu nawo ewusizo kubuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana obuthuthukile.
Ngingu-Joost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Tools Doctor, umakethi wokuqukethwe, kanye nobaba. Ngiyakuthanda ukuzama okokusebenza okusha, futhi kanye nethimba lami ngidale izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2016 ukuze ngisize abafundi abathembekile ngamathuluzi namathiphu okwenza.