I-Magnetic: Umhlahlandlela ophelele weMagnetic Force and Fields

I-Magnetism iyisigaba sezinto ezibonakalayo eziqondiswa yizibuthe. Imisinga kagesi kanye nezikhathi kazibuthe eziyisisekelo zezinhlayiya eziyisisekelo zibangela inkambu kazibuthe, esebenza kwamanye amaza kanye nezikhathi zikazibuthe.

Zonke izinto ezisetshenziswayo zithonywa ngokwezinga elithile inkambu kazibuthe. Umthelela ojwayeleke kakhulu ukazibuthe ongapheli, anezikhathi kazibuthe eziphikelelayo ezibangelwa i-ferromagnetism.

Amandla Amandla Kazibuthe

Amandla kazibuthe amandla asetshenziswa ezinhlayiyeni ezishajayo ezihamba endaweni kazibuthe. Ingamandla ancikene nesivinini sezinhlayiya ezishajiwe kanye nendawo kazibuthe. La mandla achazwa yi-Lorentz force equation, ethi amandla (F) asebenza ngokushaja (q) ahamba ngesivinini (v) endaweni kazibuthe (B) anikezwa isibalo F = qvBsinθ, lapho θ i-engeli ephakathi kwejubane lokushaja nendawo kazibuthe.

I-Magnetic Force ihlobana kanjani ne-Electric Current?

Amandla kazibuthe ahlobene eduze namandla kagesi. Uma intambo kagesi igeleza ocingweni, idala indawo kazibuthe ezungeze ucingo. Le nsimu kazibuthe ingasebenzisa amandla kwezinye izinto lapho ikhona. Ubukhulu nesiqondiso samandla kuncike emandleni nasekuqondeni kwendawo kazibuthe.

Yiziphi Izinto Ezisetshenziswa Ngamandla Amagnetic?

Amandla kazibuthe angathonya inani elikhulu lezinto ezisetshenziswayo, okuhlanganisa:

• Izinto zikamagnetic ezifana nensimbi, insimbi, ne-nickel
• Izinto zokuqhuba ezifana nethusi ne-aluminium
• Ama-electron eselula ku-conductor
• Izinhlayiya ezishajwe ku-plasma

Izibonelo Zamandla Amagnetic Esenzweni

Ezinye izibonelo zamandla kazibuthe asebenzayo zihlanganisa:

• Ozibuthe bayakhangana noma bayaxoshana
• Izitika ezinamathela esiqandisini noma emnyango ngoba zifakwe uzibuthe
• Induku yensimbi idonselwa kumagnet oqinile
• Intambo ephethe amandla kagesi iphambuka endaweni kazibuthe
• Ukunyakaza okuzinzile kwenaliti yekhampasi ngenxa yamandla kazibuthe woMhlaba

Ichazwa Kanjani I-Magnetic Force?

Amandla kazibuthe achazwa kusetshenziswa amayunithi ama-newton (N) nama-teslas (T). I-tesla iyunithi yamandla kazibuthe, futhi ichazwa njengamandla asebenza ocingweni oluphethe i-current ye-ampere eyodwa ebekwe endaweni efanayo kazibuthe ye-tesla eyodwa. Amandla kazibuthe asebenza entweni alingana nomkhiqizo wamandla kazibuthe kanye nokushajwa kwento.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zezinkambu ezihlotshaniswa neMagnetic Force?

Amandla kazibuthe ahlobene nezinkambu ze-electromagnetic. Inkambu ye-electromagnetic wuhlobo lwenkambu edalwa ukuba khona kwamashaja kagesi namaza. Inkambu kazibuthe iyingxenye yenkundla kazibuthe, futhi idalwe ukunyakaza kwamashaji kagesi.

Ingabe Zonke Izinto Zibhekana Namandla Amagnetic?

Akuzona zonke izinto ezithola amandla kazibuthe. Izinto ezineshaja inetha kuphela noma eziphethe amandla kagesi zizoba namandla kazibuthe. Izinto ezingenayo i-net charge futhi ezingawuphethe ugesi ngeke zibe namandla kazibuthe.

Buyini Ubudlelwano Phakathi Kwezibuthe Zezibuthe Nezindawo Eziqhubayo?

How to strip wire fast

Share

Watch on

Lapho indawo yokuqhuba ibekwe endaweni kazibuthe, ama-electron angaphezulu azothola amandla ngenxa yensimu kazibuthe. La mandla azobangela ukuthi ama-electron anyakaze, okuzodala i-current in the surface. Intando yamanje, yona, idala inkambu kazibuthe ezosebenzisana nenkundla kazibuthe yasekuqaleni, okubangela ukuthi indawo engaphezulu ibe namandla.

Buyini Ubudlelwano Phakathi Kwe-Magnetic Force kanye Nobukhulu Bejubane Lento?

Amandla kazibuthe asebenza entweni alingana nobukhulu besivinini sento. Lapho into ihamba ngokushesha, amandla kazibuthe azoqina.

Umlando Othakazelisayo Wamazibuthe

• Igama elithi “uzibuthe” livela egameni lesiLatini elithi “magnes,” elibhekisela ohlotsheni olukhethekile lwetshe elitholakala eTurkey eNtabeni i-Ida.
• AmaShayina asendulo athola ama-lodestones, okungozibuthe bemvelo abenziwe nge-iron oxide, eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-2,000 edlule.
• Usosayensi oyiNgisi uWilliam Gilbert waqinisekisa okwaphawulwa ngaphambili mayelana nezakhiwo zikazibuthe ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-16, kuhlanganise nokuba khona kwezigxobo kazibuthe.
• Usosayensi ongumDashi uChristian Oersted wathola ubudlelwano phakathi kukagesi kanye nezibuthe ngo-1820.
• Isazi sefiziksi esingumFulentshi u-Andre Ampere sandise umsebenzi ka-Oersted, safunda ubudlelwano phakathi kukagesi namandla kazibuthe futhi sathuthukisa umqondo wendawo kazibuthe.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kozibuthe Abahlala Phakade

• Eminyakeni yokuqala kazibuthe, abacwaningi babenesithakazelo ekukhiqizeni omazibuthe abanamandla nabanamandla kakhulu.
• Ngawo-1930, abacwaningi baseSumitomo benza ingxubevange yensimbi, i-aluminium, ne-nickel eyakhiqiza uzibuthe onamandla amakhulu kunanoma iyiphi into yangaphambilini.
• Ngawo-1980, abacwaningi e-Academy of Sciences eMoscow bethula uhlobo olusha lukazibuthe owenziwe ngenhlanganisela ye-neodymium, iron, ne-boron (NdFeB), okuwuzibuthe oqine kakhulu otholakala kwezobuchwepheshe namuhla.
• Ozibuthe besimanje bangakhiqiza amandla kazibuthe anamandla afinyelela ku-52 mega-Gauss-oersteds (MGOe), amakhulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-0.5 MGOe ekhiqizwa amatshe okuhlala.

Iqhaza Lezizibuthe Ekukhiqizeni Amandla

• Ozibuthe badlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kukagesi, ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizeni amandla aphuma ezinjinini zomoya kanye namadamu aphehlwa ugesi ngamanzi.
• Omazibuthe baphinde basetshenziswe kumamotho kagesi, atholakala kukho konke kusukela ezimotweni kuya ezintweni zasendlini.
• Intshisekelo kozibuthe ivela ekhonweni labo lokukhiqiza insimu kazibuthe, engasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza amandla kagesi.

Ikusasa Lomazibuthe

• Ososayensi bafunda izinto ezintsha kanye nentuthuko kumagnetism, okuhlanganisa nokusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile kanye nama-alloys.
• Uzibuthe we-neo uwuhlobo olusha lukazibuthe olunamandla kunanoma yimuphi uzibuthe wangaphambili futhi unamandla okuguqula insimu ye-magnetism.
• Njengoba ukuqonda kwethu ngozibuthe kuqhubeka nokukhula, bazodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emiphakathini ethuthuke kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe.

Ukuhlola Umhlaba Othakazelisayo Wezibuthe

I-Magnetism yimpahla yezinto ezithile ezinayo, ezivumela ukuthi zihehe noma zixoshe ezinye izinto. Izinhlobo ze-magnetism zihlanganisa:

• I-Diamagnetism: Lolu hlobo lwe-magnetism lukhona kuzo zonke izinto futhi lubangelwa ukunyakaza kwama-electron kumpahla. Lapho into ibekwe endaweni kazibuthe, ama-electron entweni azokhiqiza amandla kagesi aphikisana nenkundla kazibuthe. Lokhu kubangela umphumela wokwenqaba obuthakathaka, ngokuvamile ongabonakali.

• I-Paramagnetism: Lolu hlobo lukazibuthe lukhona kuzo zonke izinto zokwakha, kodwa lubuthakathaka kakhulu kune-diamagnetism. Ezintweni ze-paramagnetic, izikhathi kazibuthe zama-electron azihambelani, kodwa zingakwazi ukuqondisa insimu yamagnetic yangaphandle. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi impahla ikhangeke kancane kumandla kazibuthe.

• I-Ferromagnetism: Lolu hlobo lukazibuthe yilona olujwayeleke kakhulu futhi yilokho abantu abaningi abacabanga ngakho lapho bezwa igama elithi "magnet." Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-Ferromagnetic zikhangwa kakhulu ngozibuthe futhi zingagcina izakhiwo zazo kazibuthe ngisho nangemva kokuba insimu yangaphandle kazibuthe isusiwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izikhathi kazibuthe zama-electron entweni ziqondaniswe ohlangothini olufanayo, zikhiqiza insimu enamandla kazibuthe.

Isayensi Ngemuva Kwezibuthe

I-Magnetism ikhiqizwa ukunyakaza kwamashaji kagesi, njengama-electron, endaweni. Amandla kazibuthe akhiqizwa yilawa mashaji angachazwa njengesethi yemigqa eyakha insimu kazibuthe. Amandla okusebenza kazibuthe ayahluka kuye ngenani lezindleko ezikhona kanye nezinga eziqondaniswe ngalo.

Ukwakheka kwempahla nakho kudlala indima ezicini zayo kazibuthe. Ezintweni ze-ferromagnetic, isibonelo, izikhathi kazibuthe zama-molecule ziqondaniswe ohlangothini olufanayo, zikhiqiza insimu enamandla kazibuthe. Kuzinto ze-diamagnetic, izikhathi kazibuthe ziqondiswe ngokungahleliwe, okuholela kumphumela obuthakathaka wokuhlehlisa.

Ukubaluleka Kokuqonda I-Magnetism

I-Magnetism iyisici esibalulekile sodaba esisebenza okuningi. Ezinye zezindlela i-magnetism esetshenziswa ngayo zifaka:

• Izinjini zikagesi namajeneretha: Lezi zixhobo zisebenzisa izizibuthe ukuze zikhiqize ukunyakaza noma ukukhiqiza ugesi.

• Isitoreji sikazibuthe: Izinkambu zikamagnetic zisetshenziselwa ukugcina idatha kuma-hard drive kanye nezinye izinhlobo zemidiya yokugcina kazibuthe.

• I-imaging yezokwelapha: I-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) isebenzisa amandla kazibuthe ukukhiqiza izithombe ezinemininingwane yomzimba.

• I-Levitation Magnetic: Izinkambu zikaMagnetic zingasetshenziswa ukuzulazula izinto, ezisebenza kwezokuthutha nokukhiqiza.

Ukuqonda uzibuthe kubalulekile nakososayensi nonjiniyela abasebenza ngezinto. Ngokuqonda izici kazibuthe zento esebenzayo, bangakwazi ukuklama izinto ezinezici ezithile kazibuthe zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene.

Ukuhlola Izinkambu Zezibuthe Ezintweni

Amandla kazibuthe achazwa ngamayunithi e-ampere imitha ngayinye (A/m). Ukuqina kwendawo kazibuthe kuhlobene nokuminyana kokuguquguquka kazibuthe, okuyinani lemigqa yakazibuthe edlula endaweni ethile. Isiqondiso senkundla kazibuthe sichazwa yi-vector, ekhomba lapho amandla kazibuthe ekhokhiswa khona kahle ehamba ensimini.

Iqhaza Lama-Conductor kuMagnetic Fields

Izinto ezihambisa ugesi, njengethusi noma i-aluminium, zingathintwa amandla kazibuthe. Lapho ugesi kagesi ugeleza ku-conductor, insimu kazibuthe ikhiqizwa e-perpendicular isiqondiso sokugeleza kwamanje. Lokhu kwaziwa njengomthetho wesandla sokudla, lapho isithupha sikhomba khona lapho ukugeleza kwamanje, kanye neminwe isonga ibheke endaweni kazibuthe.

Izinhlobo Ezithize Zezinto Ezizibuthe

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziqondile zezinto ezibonakalayo: i-ferromagnetic ne-paramagnetic. Izinto zokwakha ze-Ferromagnetic, njenge-iron, i-nickel, ne-cobalt, zinamandla kazibuthe futhi zingasebenza uzibuthe. Izinto ezisetshenziswa yiParamagnetic, njenge-aluminiyamu neplatinamu, zinendawo kazibuthe ebuthakathaka futhi azibutheki kalula.

I-Electromagnet: Idivayisi Enamandla Eqhutshwa Ugesi

I-electromagnetic iwuhlobo lukazibuthe olwakhiwe ngokusebenza kwamandla kagesi ngocingo. Intambo ivamise ukugoqwa indikimba eyenziwe ngensimbi noma enye impahla kazibuthe. Isimiso esisekelwe kukazibuthe kagesi ukuthi lapho amandla kagesi egeleza ocingweni, adala insimu kazibuthe ezungeze ucingo. Ngokusonga ucingo lube ikhoyili, inkambu kazibuthe iyaqiniswa, futhi uzibuthe owumphumela unamandla kakhulu kunozibuthe ovamile ohlala njalo.

Alawulwa Kanjani Ama-Electromagnets?

Amandla kazibuthe kagesi angalawuleka kalula ngokushintsha inani lamandla kagesi ageleza kuwo. Ngokwandisa noma ukunciphisa inani lamanje, inkambu kazibuthe ingaba buthakathaka noma iqiniswe. Izigxobo zikazibuthe kagesi zingahle zihlehliswe ngokuhlehlisa ukuhamba kukagesi. Lokhu kwenza ama-electromagnets abe usizo kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza.

Yiziphi Ezinye Izivivinyo Ezijabulisayo Ngama-Electromagnets?

Uma unentshisekelo kusayensi engemuva kozibuthe kagesi, ziningi izivivinyo ezijabulisayo ongazizama ekhaya. Nansi imibono embalwa:

• Dala uzibuthe we-electromagnet olula ngokusonga intambo esipikili bese uyixhuma ebhethrini. Bona ukuthi zingaki iziqeshana zamaphepha ongazithatha ngozibuthe wakho we-electromagnetic.
• Yakha injini elula usebenzisa uzibuthe kagesi nebhethri. Ngokuphenyisisa i-polarity yebhethri, ungenza injini ijikeleze iye kolunye uhlangothi.
• Sebenzisa uzibuthe kagesi ukuze udale ijeneretha elula. Ngokuphotha ikhoyili yocingo ngaphakathi kwendawo kazibuthe, ungakwazi ukukhiqiza inani elincane likagesi.

Sekukonke, ukuba khona kozibuthe kagesi kukweleta usizo lwakho eqinisweni lokuthi angalawulwa kalula ngogesi, okuwenza abe yingxenye ebalulekile kumadivaysi amaningi nasezinhlelweni zokusebenza.

I-Dipoles Magnetic: Izakhiwo Zokwakha Zezibuthe

I-dipoles yamagnetic yizisekelo eziyisisekelo ze-magnetism. Ziyiyunithi encane kakhulu yamagnetism futhi zakhiwe ngozibuthe abancane ababizwa ngokuthi ama-electron. Lawa ma-electron akhona kuma-molecule ezinto ezibonakalayo futhi anekhono lokudala insimu kazibuthe. I-dipole yamagnetic imane iyiluphu yamanje eyakhiwe ngamashaji avumayo kanye namabi.

Umsebenzi weMagnetic Dipoles

I-dipoles yamagnetic idlala indima esebenzayo ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kwezinhlanganisela eziningi. Zivame ukuba khona ocingweni olujwayelekile kanye nesekethe, futhi ukuba khona kwazo kuhlobene ngokuqondile namandla kazibuthe. Amandla kazibuthe anikezwa indawo yeluphu kanye ne-current egeleza kuyo.

Ukubaluleka kwama-Dipoles Magnetic kuSayensi Yezokwelapha

I-dipoles yamagnetic ibaluleke kakhulu kwisayensi yezokwelapha. Zisetshenziselwa ukwakha omazibuthe abancane abangasetshenziswa ukuxilonga nokwelapha izimo ezehlukene zezokwelapha. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-dipoles magnetic kwisayensi yezokwelapha kubizwa ngokuthi imaging resonance magnetic (MRI). I-MRI iyindlela yezokwelapha enomsindo nephephile esebenzisa i-dipoles kazibuthe ukudala izithombe zangaphakathi emzimbeni.

Isiphetho

Ngakho-ke, kazibuthe isho into ekhangayo noma exosha umazibuthe. Kungamandla ahlobene nogesi kanye nozibuthe. Ungayisebenzisa ukuze ubambe izinto efrijini noma wenze ikhampasi ibheke enyakatho. Ngakho, ungesabi ukuyisebenzisa! Akuyona inkimbinkimbi njengoba kubonakala. Khumbula nje imithetho futhi uzophila.

Ngingu-Joost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Tools Doctor, umakethi wokuqukethwe, kanye nobaba. Ngiyakuthanda ukuzama okokusebenza okusha, futhi kanye nethimba lami ngidale izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2016 ukuze ngisize abafundi abathembekile ngamathuluzi namathiphu okwenza.