Ukugqwala: Kuyini nokuthi Ungazigcina Kanjani Izinto Zakho Ziphephile

Ukugqwala kuyi-iron oxide, ngokuvamile i-oxide ebomvu eyakhiwe ukusabela kwe-redox yensimbi nomoya-mpilo phambi kwamanzi noma umswakama womoya. Izinhlobo eziningana zokugqwala zihlukaniseka kokubili ngokubonakalayo nange-spectroscopy, futhi zakha ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene.

Kulesi sihloko, ngizofaka izinto eziyisisekelo zokugqwala, okuhlanganisa izimbangela zayo nokuvimbela.

Iyini i-Flaky Coat? Ukuqonda Ukugqwala Nezimbangela Zako

Ukugqwala igama elivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuchaza i-oxidation yensimbi noma insimbi. Ngobuchwepheshe, ukugqwala kuyi-iron oxide, ikakhulukazi i-hydrated iron(III) oxide eyakhiwa lapho insimbi isabela nomoya-mpilo namanzi lapho kukhona umoya. Lokhu kusabela kwaziwa ngokuthi ukugqwala futhi kwenzeka lapho insimbi ichayeka emoyeni nasemanzini isikhathi eside, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwejazi eliphehlayo elibomvu ngokubomvu.

Kwenzeka Kanjani Ukugqwala?

Lapho insimbi noma insimbi ihlangana nomoya-mpilo namanzi, kwenzeka ukusabela okuholela ekwakhekeni kwe-iron oxide. Lokhu kusabela kubangelwa ukuba khona kwamanzi noma umswakama womoya, okwenza insimbi igle futhi yakhe i-hydrous iron(III) oxides nensimbi(III) oxide-hydroxide. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ijazi le-flaky eliphumela lingasakazeka futhi libangele ukwakheka kwe-pitting noma umgodi ezinsimbi ezingavikelekile, ukunciphisa amandla abo.

Ingabe Ukugqwala Kungavinjelwa?

Nakuba ukugqwala kuyisenzakalo esingenakugwemeka phakathi neminyaka edlule, kungavinjelwa kalula noma kuphathwe ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise:

• Ukufaka isivikelo endaweni yensimbi ukunciphisa ukuchayeka emoyeni kanye nomswakama.
• Ukuhlanza njalo nokomisa izindawo zensimbi ukuze unciphise ukuba khona kwamadiphozithi kanye nomswakama.
• Ukugwema izindawo ezivalekile, imifantu, nezikhala lapho umswakama unganqwabelana khona futhi kubangele ukugqwala kusakazeke ngokushesha.
• Ukusebenzisa insimbi engagqwali noma ezinye izinsimbi ezikwazi ukumelana nokugqwala ezindaweni lapho ukugqwala kuyinkinga evamile.

Iyini Imithelela Yokugqwala?

Ukugqwala kungaba nemiphumela eminingana ezindaweni zensimbi, okuhlanganisa:

• Ukunciphisa amandla nokuqina kwensimbi.
• Ukudala imigodi emincane noma ejulile engasakazeka ngokushesha futhi ibangele omunye umonakalo.
• Ukwenza ubuso bensimbi bube banzi futhi bube nezimbotshana, okungaholela ekwandeni kokugqwala.
• Ukudala umfantu noma igebe elingabamba umswakama futhi libangele ukugqwala kusakazeke ngokushesha.
• Ukuba negalelo ekwakhekeni komgodi noma ukwakheka kwe-cavity ezinsimbi ezingavikelekile.

Ukusabela Kwamakhemikhali: Isayensi Ngemuva Kokugqwala

Ukugqwala kuyinqubo yamakhemikhali eyenzeka lapho i-ayoni ichayeke emoyeni nasemanzini. Inqubo yokugqwala iwumphumela wochungechunge oluyinkimbinkimbi lokuhlangana kwamakhemikhali okuhlanganisa inhlanganisela yamangqamuzana okusansimbi, umoya-mpilo, namanzi. Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okuyinhloko okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokugqwala yi-oxidation yensimbi, ekhiqiza i-iron oxide.

Iqhaza Lomoya-mpilo Nomswakama

Umoya-mpilo kanye nomswakama yizici ezibalulekile ezenza ukugqwala kwenzeke. Lapho i-iron ichayeke emoyeni, ihlangana nomoya-mpilo yakhe i-iron oxide. Amanzi ayadingeka ukuze kube nokugqwala ngoba athwala umoya-mpilo kanye nezinye izakhi ezidingekayo ukuze kusebenze amakhemikhali.

Ukusabela Kwekhemikhali Kokugqwala

Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kokugqwala yilokhu: 4Fe + 3O2 → 2Fe2O3. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ama-athomu amane ensimbi ahlangana nama-molecule amathathu omoya-mpilo ukuze akhiqize ama-athomu amabili e-iron oxide. Inqubo yokugqwala iqala lapho i-ayoni ifakwa kwi-iron(II) ion nge-oxygen. I-iron(II) ions bese ihlangana nama-molecule amanzi ukuze yakhe i-iron hydroxide. Le nhlanganisela ibe i-oxidize iqhubeke yenze i-iron oxide, ebonakala njengesikali esibomvu esinsundu esivame ukusihlanganisa nokugqwala.

Imiphumela Yokugqwala Kwensimbi

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Ukugqwala kungaba nemiphumela emibi eminingana ensimbi, okuhlanganisa ukuphehla, ukugqwala, nokuba buthakathaka kwesakhiwo. Ukugqwala kwenzeka lapho i-ayoni ichayeke emoyeni nasemswakeni, futhi i-iron oxide eba umphumela iyinsimbi ebuthaka futhi ephuka kalula engaphephuka kalula. Lokhu kungabangela ukuba insimbi ibe buthakathaka futhi igcine ingaphumeleli. Endabeni yebhuloho noma esinye isakhiwo, ukugqwala kungaba ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngokuphepha.

Ukuvimbela Ukugqwala

Ukuvimbela ukugqwala kudinga ukususa ubukhona bomswakama nomoya-mpilo. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokugcina insimbi yomile futhi iyimboze ngongqimba oluyisivikelo, njengopende noma amafutha. Enye indlela yokuvimbela ukugqwala ukusebenzisa insimbi okungenzeka ukuthi ingagqwali, njengensimbi engagqwali noma insimbi emsulwa.

Ukubaluleka Kokuqonda Ukugqwala

Ukuqonda ukusebenza kwamakhemikhali okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokugqwala kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni nasekwelapheni ukugqwala. Ukugqwala kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ehlanganisa inhlanganisela yezinhlanganisela eziningana kanye nokusabela kwe-electrochemical. Ngokuqonda izici ezibalulekile kanye nokusabela okuhilelekile ekugqwaleni, singanqanda futhi siphathe kangcono ukugqwala ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke.

Kungani Ukugqwala Kuyingozi Yezokuphepha nokuthi Kuyigwenywa Kanjani

Ukugqwala akuyona nje indaba yezimonyo, kungadala izingozi ezinkulu zokuphepha ekwakhiweni namathuluzi. Nasi isizathu:

• Ukugqwala kwenza buthaka ubuqotho besakhiwo sezingxenye zensimbi, kubeka engozini abasebenzisi abavamile nabadlulayo.
• Amathuluzi anezingxenye ezigqwalile angaphuka noma angasebenzi kahle, abangele ukulimala okubi noma ngisho nokufa.
• Ukugqwala kungangcolisa futhi konakalise imikhiqizo, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwezimali kubakhiqizi nakubathengi ngokufanayo.

Izingozi Zezempilo Zokugqwala

Ukugqwala akuyona nje ingozi engokomzimba, kungadala nezingozi zempilo ngenxa yalezi zizathu ezilandelayo:

• Ukugqwala kungafukamela amagciwane, kuhlanganise ne-tetanus, engabangela izifo ezimbi kakhulu uma ingena emzimbeni ngenxeba lokubhoboza, njengasezinzipho ezigqwalile.
• Izindawo ezikhula nokugqwala, njengangaphandle noma ezindaweni eziswakeme, zingaba yingozi kubantu abanezinkinga zokuphefumula njengoba ukugqwala kuyi-oxide engaba yingozi uma ihogelwa.

Ukuvimbela Ukugqwala kanye Nokuqinisekisa Ukuphepha

Ukuvimbela ukugqwala nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha, izinyathelo ezilandelayo zingathathwa:

• Izimiso zokuhlola njalo kufanele zibe khona ukuze kuhlonzwe futhi kubhekwane nokukhula kokugqwala ekwakhiweni namathuluzi.
• Umthetho kufanele ube khona ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abakhiqizi banesibopho sokukhiqiza imikhiqizo ephephile nengenayo ukugqwala.
• Ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo esiza ekuvimbeleni ukugqwala, njengama-rust inhibitors nama-coatings, kungasebenza ngempumelelo ekumiseni ukugqwala.
• Inhlanganisela yokusabela kwamakhemikhali, umoya kanye nomswakama yizona zimbangela eziyinhloko zokugqwala, ngakho-ke ukugcina izingxenye zensimbi zomile futhi zihlanzekile kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukugqwala.

Qaphela! Lezi Zizinto Zijwayele Ukugqwala

Insimbi iyingxube yensimbi nekhabhoni, okwenza kube ukukhetha okudumile ekwakheni nasekukhiqizeni. Nokho, insimbi nayo ingenye yezinsimbi ezigqwalile ezibaluleke kakhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinsimbi, insimbi igqwala ngokushesha uma iqhathaniswa, ikakhulukazi lapho ibhekene namanzi nomoya-mpilo. I-Steelcast kanye ne-ironwrought yizinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene zensimbi ezingagqwala.

I-Cast Iron: Ayinamandla Kakhulu Ngokuphikisana Nokugqwala

I-cast iron iyingxubevange equkethe i-iron, ikhabhoni, namanani omkhondo wezinye izakhi. Yakha lapho insimbi encibilikisiwe ithela ukhonkolo, yingakho igama. I-cast iron yaziwa ngokumelana kwayo nokuguga, kodwa ayinamandla kangako ekugqwaleni. Izinto ezisansimbi zingagqwala njalo, ikakhulukazi uma zichayeke emanzini nomoya-mpilo.

I-Iron Esetshenzisiwe: Igqwala Ngaphansi Kwensimbi Ne-Cast Iron

Insimbi egayiwe iwuhlobo olumsulwa lwensimbi oluqukethe ikhabhoni encane kakhulu. Kuyaziwa ngokumelana nokugqwala nokugqwala, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo kwefenisha yangaphandle kanye nezinto zokuhlobisa. Insimbi egayiwe igqwala kancane kunensimbi nensimbi ewuketshezi, kodwa isadinga ukuvikelwa emanzini nomoya-mpilo.

Insimbi Engagqwali: Isivikelo Sokugqwala

Insimbi engagqwali iyingxubevange equkethe insimbi, i-chromium, kanye namanani okulandela umkhondo wezinye izakhi. Inhlanganisela yalezi zakhi yenza ungqimba oluvikelayo oluvikela insimbi ekugqwaleni nokugqwala. Insimbi engagqwali icishe ingakwazi ukugqwala, okuyenza ibe yintandokazi ezintweni zasekhishini, okokwelashwa, kanye nefenisha yangaphandle.

Indlela Yokuvimbela Ukugqwala

Ukuvimbela ukugqwala kudinga ukufaka isivikelo noma isivikelo ensimbi. Nawa amanye amathiphu okuvimbela ukugqwala:

• Sula njalo noma iyiphi insimbi evezwe emanzini.
• Susa noma yiziphi izindawo zokugqwala ngokuzisula ngengxube yamanzi noviniga.
• Gcoba ijazi likapende ensimbi ukuyivikela emanzini kanye nomoya-mpilo.

Khumbula, i-iron nama-alloys kuphela aqukethe i-iron angagqwala. Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukugwema ukugqwala, khetha izinsimbi njengensimbi engagqwali noma insimbi ekhandiwe.

Izinsimbi Ezihlala Zicwebezela: Umhlahlandlela Wezinto Ezingagqwali

Ukugqwala kuyinkinga yezinto eziningi zensimbi, ezibangela ukuthi zigle futhi ziwohloke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa bewazi yini ukuthi kunezinsimbi ezimelana nokugqwala nokugqwala? Kulesi sigaba, sizohlola izici zalezi zinsimbi nokuthi kungani zikwazi ukuhlala zicwebezela futhi zibukeka zintsha ngisho nangemva kweminyaka yokusetshenziswa.

Izinsimbi Ezingagqwali

Nazi ezinye zezinsimbi ezaziwa ngokumelana nokugqwala nokugqwala:

• Insimbi Engagqwali: Lolu hlobo lwensimbi luqukethe i-chromium, ephendulana nomoya-mpilo ukuze yakhe ungqimba oluvikelayo ebusweni bensimbi. Lolu ngqimba luvikela insimbi ekugqwaleni futhi luyisize imelane nokugqwala.

• I-Aluminium: Njengensimbi engagqwali, i-aluminium yenza isendlalelo se-oxide esivikelayo lapho sichayeke emoyeni. Lesi sendlalelo sincane futhi sisobala, ngakho asithinti ukubukeka kwensimbi. I-Aluminium nayo ayisindi futhi kulula ukusebenza ngayo, okwenza kube ukukhetha okudumile ezinhlelweni eziningi.

• Ithusi: I-Copper iyinsimbi yemvelo evimbela ukugqwala evame ukusetshenziswa ezintambo zikagesi namapayipi. Lapho ichayeke emoyeni nasemanzini, ithusi lakha i-patina eluhlaza okotshani evikela insimbi ekugqwaleni okwengeziwe.

• Ithusi: Ithusi liyingxube yethusi ne-zinc, futhi lihlukaniswa “njengensimbi ephuzi.” I-Brass imelana nokugqwala kanye nokubola, futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ezintweni zokuhlobisa nezinsimbi zomculo.

• Ithusi: Ithusi liyingxube yethusi nezinye izakhi, njenge-tin, i-aluminium, noma i-nickel. Iyaziwa ngokuqina kwayo nokumelana nokugqwala, futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ezithombeni eziqoshiwe, izinsimbi, nezinye izinto ezivezwa izakhi.

• Igolide NePlatinum: Lezi zinsimbi eziyigugu zimelana kakhulu nokugqwala nokubola, okuzenza zilungele ubucwebe nezinye izinto zokuhlobisa.

Indlela Izinsimbi Ezimelana Ngayo Nokugqwala

Ngakho-ke, yini ngalezi zinsimbi ezivumela ukuthi zimelane nokugqwala nokugqwala? Nazi ezinye zezinto ezingenayo:

• Izendlalelo Ezivikelayo: Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, izinsimbi ezinjengensimbi engagqwali ne-aluminium zakha izendlalelo zokuzivikela lapho zivezwe emoyeni nasemanzini. Lezi zingqimba zivikela insimbi ukuthi ingagqwali futhi ziyisize imelane nokugqwala.

• Ukungabi ne-ayoni: Ukugqwala kwakheka lapho i-ayoni ihlangana nomoya-mpilo namanzi ukuze kwakhe i-iron oxide. Izinsimbi ezinensimbi encane noma ezingenayo ngakho-ke mancane amathuba okuthi zigqwale.

• I-Chemical Reactivity: Ezinye izinsimbi zimane zingasebenzi kancane kunezinye, okusho ukuthi mancane amathuba okuthi zenze izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali eziholela ekugqwaleni kanye nokugqwala.

• Inhlanganisela Yezinto: Ezinye izinsimbi, njengethusi, ziyakwazi ukumelana nokugqwala ngoba ziyinhlanganisela yezinto ezihlukene. Le ngxube idala insimbi ekwazi ukumelana nokugqwala kunanoma iyiphi ingxenye yayo ngayinye.

Izindlela Zokudala Izinto Ezimelana Nokugqwala

Uma ufuna ukudala izinto ezimelana nokugqwala nokugqwala, nazi ezinye izindlela okufanele uzicabangele:

• Ukufaka uthayela: Le nqubo ihilela ukumboza into yensimbi ngongqimba lwezinc, olusebenza njengesihlangu ekugqwaleni nasekugqwaleni.

• Isimo sezulu: Ezinye izinsimbi, njengethusi nethusi, zenza i-patina evikelayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lapho zivezwe ezakhiweni. Le patina isebenza njengesihlangu ekuqhubekeni nokugqwala.

• Insimbi Engagqwali: Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, insimbi engagqwali imelana kakhulu nokugqwala nokugqwala. Ukusebenzisa insimbi engagqwali ezintweni ezizochayeka emanzini noma kumswakama kuyindlela esheshayo nelula yokuqinisekisa ukuthi zihlala zingagqwalile.

• Ukunakekela Okuvamile: Ngisho nezinsimbi ezimelana nokugqwala nokugqwala zidinga ukunakekelwa okuthile ukuze zihlale zisesimweni esiphezulu. Ukugcina izinto zihlanzekile futhi zomile, nokuzigcina zikude nomswakamo, kungasiza ukwandisa isikhathi sokuphila kwazo.

Izindlela Zokugcina Ukugqwala E-Bay

Enye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuvimbela ukugqwala iwukugcina imikhiqizo yensimbi ngendlela efanele. Nawa amanye amathiphu okufanele uwakhumbule:

• Gcina izingxenye zensimbi noma imikhiqizo endaweni enomswakama omncane noma endaweni elawulwa izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama ukuze wehlise ukugqwala.
• Sebenzisa i-desiccant drying agents endaweni yokugcina ukuze unciphise amazinga omswakama.
• Sula izinsimbi njalo ukuze ususe noma imuphi umswakama okungenzeka unqwabelene.
• Gcina izingcezu zensimbi ngendwangu eyomile noma uzibophe ngepulasitiki ukuze uzigcine zomile.

Ukuhlanganisa

I-galvanizing inqubo emboza insimbi noma insimbi nge-zinc ukuze ivikeleke ekugqwaleni. I-Zinc imelana kakhulu nokugqwala, futhi uma ihlanganiswa nensimbi noma insimbi, yakha uqweqwe oluvikelayo oluvimbela ukugqwala ukuthi kungakheki. I-galvanizing iyindlela enhle kakhulu yokuvimbela ukugqwala, ikakhulukazi izinsiza zangaphandle noma izinsimbi ezisansimbi ezisabela kakhulu emoyeni nasemanzini.

Ukulungiswa Okujwayelekile

Ukunakekela imikhiqizo yensimbi kubalulekile ukuze kugwenywe ukugqwala. Nazi ezinye izindlela zokunciphisa ingozi yokugqwala:

• Khipha noma yikuphi ukugqwala ngokushesha nje lapho kubonakala kuvikela ukuthi kungasakazeki.
• Gcina izindawo zensimbi zomile futhi ugweme ukuthintana nendawo emanzi.
• Sebenzisa isendlalelo esimelana nokugqwala sekhwalithi ephezulu noma isendlalelo se-oxide esivikelayo ukuze unikeze ukuvikeleka okuphezulu ekugqwaleni.
• Hlola njalo imikhiqizo yensimbi ukuze uthole imihuzuko, imifantu, noma ezinye izimpawu zomonakalo ezingase zibambe umswakama futhi zibangele ukugqwala.
• Sebenzisa insimbi engagqwali noma ezinye izinsimbi ezikwazi ukumelana kakhulu ukuze unikeze isivikelo esiphakeme ekugqwaleni.
• Imikhiqizo yensimbi egingqikayo yenza ukuthungwa kwendawo okubushelelezi okubamba futhi kubambe umswakama omncane, okunciphisa ingozi yokwakheka kokugqwala.

Ezinye Izindlela Zokuvimbela

Nazi ezinye izindlela ezengeziwe zokuvimbela ukugqwala ukuthi kungakheki:

• Sebenzisa izinsimbi ezihlukene ezingasabeli kahle emoyeni nasemanzini, njenge-chromium noma insimbi engagqwali.
• Iqukethe imikhiqizo yensimbi endaweni eyomile ukuze unciphise ingozi yomswakama ofinyelela phezulu.
• Sebenzisa imikhiqizo etholakalayo yokuvimbela ukugqwala, njengama-rust inhibitors noma ama-protective coatings, ukuze unikeze isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela ekugqwaleni.
• Gcina imikhiqizo yensimbi ikude nezindawo ezishisayo noma ezibandayo ezingase zidale ukujiya futhi kwandise ingozi yokugqwala.

Khumbula, ukuvimbela kuyisihluthulelo uma kuziwa ekugqwaleni. Ngokuthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze uvikele imikhiqizo yakho yensimbi, ungaqinisekisa ukuthi ihlala ingenayo ukugqwala futhi isesimweni esihle kakhulu iminyaka ezayo.

Ukwelapha Ukugqwala: Indlela Engcono Kakhulu Yokuguqula Nokuvikela Insimbi Yakho

Uma kuziwa ekwelapheni ukugqwala, kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zeziguquli ezitholakalayo emakethe. Nazi ezivame kakhulu:

• Iziguquli ezisekelwe ku-Acid: Lezi zinhlobo zeziguquli ziguqula ngamakhemikhali ukugqwala kube i-inert oxide. Aqukethe i-phosphoric acid njengesithako esiyinhloko futhi aziwa ngesivinini sawo sokusabela ngokushesha. Ukwengeza, zehlisa i-pH yokugqwala, esheshisa ukusabela. Iziguquli ezisekelwe ku-Acid zisetshenziswa kangcono ezindaweni ezincane zokugqwala futhi zitholakala nge-aerosol noma amafomu okufafazwa.

• Iziguquli ezisekelwe kwi-tannic acid: Lezi ziguquli ziqukethe i-tannic noma i-ferric acid, eguqula ngamakhemikhali ukugqwala kube ungqimba oluzinzile, olubomvu ngokubomvu. Asetshenziswa kangcono ezindaweni zokugqwala ezinkulu futhi atholakala ngamasayizi angama-quart noma angamagalani.

• Iziguquli ezisuselwa ku-polymer ye-organic: Lezi zinhlobo zeziguquli ziqukethe uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-polymer olusebenza njenge-ejenti evimbela ukugqwala. Banikeza isendlalelo esiqinile, esomile, nesiqinile esivikelayo ngqo endaweni yensimbi. Iziguquli ezisekelwe ku-polymer ze-Organic ziyatholakala kuzo zombili izinhlobo ze-aerosol kanye ne-sprayable.

Ukuthuthukisa Ukuvikela Ukugqwala ngopende

Ngenkathi iziguquli zokugqwala zinikeza isendlalelo esivikelayo, ukwengeza upende kungathuthukisa ukuvikela. Nazi ezinye izinto okufanele uzikhumbule:

• Sebenzisa upende wekhwalithi ephezulu oklanyelwe ngokukhethekile izindawo zensimbi.

• Faka upende ngemva kokuba isiguquli sesomile ngokuphelele.

• Uma upenda kabusha indawo endala, qiniseka ukuthi ukhumula noma imuphi upende oxekethile bese ufaka isihlabathi endaweni ngaphambi kokufaka isiguquli nopende.

Isiphetho

Ngakho, ukugqwala kuwukusabela kwamakhemikhali okwenzeka lapho insimbi ihlangana nomoya-mpilo namanzi. Kuyinkinga evamile, kodwa ungayivimbela ngokuphatha insimbi yakho ngendlela efanele. Ngakho-ke, ungakhohlwa ukugcina insimbi yakho yomile futhi ihlanzekile! Uzophila. Siyabonga ngokufunda!

Ngingu-Joost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Tools Doctor, umakethi wokuqukethwe, kanye nobaba. Ngiyakuthanda ukuzama okokusebenza okusha, futhi kanye nethimba lami ngidale izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2016 ukuze ngisize abafundi abathembekile ngamathuluzi namathiphu okwenza.