I-Scaffolding 101: Iyini Futhi Isebenza Kanjani?

I-scaffolding iyisakhiwo sesikhashana esisetshenziselwa ukusekela abasebenzi nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ekuphakameni ngesikhathi sokwakha, ukunakekelwa, kanye neminye imisebenzi. Ngokuvamile yenziwe nge-aluminium noma insimbi futhi ingahlanganiswa ngokushesha esizeni.

Kulesi sihloko, ngizohlinzeka ngemininingwane ye-scaffolding kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo.

Ukuqonda Ubuchwepheshe Be-scaffolding

I-scaffolding iyisakhiwo sesikhashana esisetshenziswa emsebenzini wokwakha ukuze kusekelwe abasebenzi, amathuluzi, nezinto zokwakha endaweni ephakeme. Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukwakha nokulungisa izakhiwo, amabhuloho, imibhoshongo, nezinye izakhiwo. I-scaffolding iyingxenye ebalulekile yomsebenzi wokwakha, futhi idinga ulwazi lobuchwepheshe ukumisa nokusebenzisa.

Izinhlobo ze-scaffolding

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-scaffolding, futhi ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lomsebenzi odingekayo. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-scaffolding yilezi:

• I-Single Scaffolding: Lolu hlobo lwesikafula luphinde lubizwe ngokuthi yi-scaffolding yengqimba yezitini. Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi umsebenzi wokwakha amatshe futhi imiswe eduze nezinga eliphansi lesakhiwo.

• I-Double Scaffolding: Lolu hlobo lwesikafula luphinde lubizwe ngokuthi yi-scaffolding yama-mason. Isetshenziselwa umsebenzi wokwakha amatshe futhi imiswe kude nezinga eliphansi lesakhiwo.

• I-Scaffolding yensimbi: Lolu hlobo lwesikafula lusetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla futhi lwenziwe ngamashubhu ensimbi. Inamandla futhi ingathwala imithwalo esindayo.

• I-Cantilever Scaffolding: Lolu hlobo lwesikafula lusetshenziswa lapho umhlabathi ungafanelekile ukusetha isikafula. Inwetshwa ukusuka ezingeni eliphezulu lesakhiwo futhi isekelwa ngamaketanga noma izintambo zocingo.

• I-Specialty scaffolding: Lolu hlobo lwesikafula lusetshenziselwa umsebenzi wokwakha oyinkimbinkimbi futhi ludinga ulwazi lobuchwepheshe ukuze lusethwe futhi lusetshenziswe.

Izinto Ezisetshenziswa Ku-scaffolding

Esikhathini esidlule, ukhuni kwakuyizinto eziyinhloko ezazisetshenziswa e-scaffolding. Nokho, ngokufika kwensimbi, isikafula sensimbi sasetshenziswa kabanzi. Namuhla, i-scaffolding yenziwe ngezinto ezihlukahlukene, kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lomsebenzi odingekayo. Izinto ezisetshenziswa e-scaffolding zihlanganisa:

• Izinkuni: Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi isikafula esisodwa.

• Insimbi: Isetshenziselwa i-scaffolding yensimbi.

• I-Aluminium: Isetshenziselwa isikafula esingasindi.

• Inayiloni: Isetshenziselwa izinjongo zokuphepha.

Izinyathelo Zokuphepha

I-scaffolding ingumsebenzi oyingozi, futhi izinyathelo zokuphepha ziyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwabasebenzi. Izinyathelo zokuphepha zihlanganisa:

• Ukusebenzisa amabhande okuphepha namahhanisi.

• Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-scaffolding isethwe ngendlela efanele.

• Ukusebenzisa izinto ezifanele zomsebenzi.

• Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwe-scaffolding.

• Ukulandela imihlahlandlela yokuphepha.

I-Aesthetics nesikali

Naphezu kokuba isakhiwo sobuchwepheshe, i-scaffolding ingasetshenziselwa izinjongo zobuhle. Kwamanye amadolobha, i-scaffolding ifakwe abalandeli futhi ihlelwa ngendlela efana nefeni ukuze yakhe umphumela wobuhle. I-scaffolding ingase isetshenziselwe ukushintsha isikali sesakhiwo, sibukeke sibalulekile noma sisincane kunalokho esiyikho.

I-Evolution ye-Scaffolding Structures

Ngokushesha, izingxenye ezijwayelekile kanye nezinhlelo zalandela, futhi imboni yazuza idivayisi enelungelo lobunikazi ebizwa ngokuthi i-Scaffixer, eyagunyazwa yi-Berlin Foundry Ltd. Le divayisi yathuthukisa inqubo yokuhlanganisa futhi yazuza ukusetshenziswa okubanzi. I-tie nayo yathuthukiswa, futhi kwethulwa i-water tie, eyathuthukisa ukuzinza kwe-scaffold.

I-Modern Day scaffolding

Namuhla, i-scaffolding iyimboni esezingeni futhi elawulwayo, enamazinga okuphepha aqinile nezinqubo ezikhona. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zesimanje kanye nobuchwepheshe kuye kwathuthukisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwenqubo, ngokusetshenziswa komklamo osizwa ngekhompiyutha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezintsha ezifana ne-aluminium kanye nezinto eziyinhlanganisela.

I-Anatomy yesakhiwo se-scaffolding

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Ama-ledger nama-transoms yizici ezivundlile ezixhuma izindinganiso ndawonye ukuze zinikeze ukusekela nokuzinza esakhiweni. Ngokuvamile zenziwe ngensimbi futhi ziza ngebanga lobude ukuze zivumelane nobubanzi besakhiwo.

Indlela ama-ledger nama-transom axhunywe ngayo kumazinga ibalulekile ekusebenzeni okuphelele kwesakhiwo se-scaffolding. Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenziwa kusetshenziswa izikhonkwane ezishuthekwa kumazinga nge-engeli ukuze kuvinjwe ukuthi zingasheleli ngaphandle.

Iqhaza Lama-Intermediate Transoms kanye Nobakaki Abangamile Esakhiweni Sescaffolding

Ama-transom aphakathi asetshenziselwa ukunikeza ukwesekwa okwengeziwe esakhiweni futhi abekwe phakathi kwama-ledger. Ngokuvamile zenziwe ngensimbi futhi ziza ngebanga lobude ukuze zivumelane nobubanzi besakhiwo.

Abakaki abangamile basetshenziselwa ukunikeza ukwesekwa okwengeziwe esakhiweni uma sibekwe ngokumelene nesakhiwo noma esinye isakhiwo. Ngokuvamile zenziwe ngensimbi futhi ziza ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene ukuze zivumelane nezidingo ezithile zesakhiwo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwama-transoms aphakathi kanye namabakaki amile kuvumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo se-scaffolding futhi kunikeza ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kwemithwalo esindayo noma ubude obufushane bokusebenza.

Izinzuzo Zokusebenzisa Izingxenye Ze-Scaffolding Zensimbi

Insimbi ithathwa kabanzi njengento engcono kakhulu yezingxenye zescaffolding ngenxa yamandla ayo, ukuqina, kanye nekhono lokuthwala imithwalo esindayo. Izingxenye zescaffolding zensimbi nazo zilula futhi kulula ukuziphatha kunezingxenye zokhuni, okuzenza zibe yinketho edumile kumaphrojekthi wokwakha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxenye ze-scaffolding zensimbi zinikeza enye indlela enhle ezingxenyeni zokhuni njengoba zingenwa kalula ukubola, ukulimala kwezinambuzane, nezinye izingozi ezingabeka engcupheni ukuphepha kwezisebenzi.

Izinhlobo Ezihlukene Ze-scaffolds Ziyatholakala

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezikafula ezitholakalayo, ngayinye yakhelwe ukuhambisana nezidingo nezidingo ezithile. Ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zama-scaffolds zihlanganisa:

• I-scaffolding eyodwa: Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-scaffolding ye-bricklayer, lolu hlobo lwesikafula luvamise ukusetshenziselwa izakhiwo ezibanzi kunalokho eziphakeme.
• I-scaffolding ephindwe kabili: Okwaziwa nangokuthi i-scaffolding yama-mason, lolu hlobo lwesikafula luvamise ukusetshenziselwa izakhiwo eziphakeme kunobubanzi bazo.
• I-Cantilever scaffolding: Lolu hlobo lwesikafula luvame ukusetshenziswa uma kungenakwenzeka ukubeka amazinga ngokuqondile ngaphansi kwendawo yokusebenza.
• I-scaffolding yensimbi: Lolu hlobo lwesikafula luvame ukusetshenziselwa amaphrojekthi wokwakha adinga izinga eliphezulu lamandla nokuqina.
• Isikafula esikhethekile: Lolu hlobo lwesikafula ludizayinelwe izidingo nezimfuneko ezithile, ezifana nesikafula samabhuloho noma ezinye izakhiwo ezinkulu.

Ukukhetha isikafula kuncike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa izidingo ezithile zephrojekthi, ubude besakhiwo, nezinto ezisetshenziswayo.

I-Scaffolding Eyodwa: Uhlobo Oluyisisekelo Nokusetshenziswa Kabanzi Ekwakhiweni

I-scaffolding eyodwa iwuhlobo olusetshenziswa kakhulu lwe-scaffolding embonini yezokwakha ngoba kulula ukuyimisa futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Ibuye isetshenziselwe umsebenzi wokulungisa izakhiwo nezakhiwo. Ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi njengento eyinhloko ye-scaffolding eyodwa kwenza iqine futhi ikwazi ukuthwala isisindo esikhulu. Iphinde itholakale kabanzi emakethe, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle ezinkampanini eziningi zokwakha.

Yiziphi Izingxenye Ze-Single scaffolding?

Izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-scaffolding eyodwa zifaka:

• Amazinga: Izisekelo eziqondile ezime ngokuhambisana nesakhiwo noma isakhiwo.
• Ama-Ledgers: Izisekelo ezivundlile ezixhuma kumazinga nge-engeli eqondile.
• Ama-Putlogs: Amashubhu amancane avundlile axhuma kuma-ledger futhi afakwe emigodini esakhiweni noma esakhiweni ukuze anikeze ukwesekwa.

Yimuphi Umehluko Phakathi Kwesikafula Esisodwa kanye Nezinye Izinhlobo Ze-scaffolding?

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwesikafula esisodwa kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-scaffolding yindlela esixhuma ngayo esakhiweni noma esakhiweni. I-scaffolding eyodwa ixhunywe ngokuvundlile esakhiweni noma esakhiweni, kuyilapho ezinye izinhlobo zescaffolding, ezifana nezikafula eziphindwe kabili, zixhumeke ziqonde futhi zivundlile. I-scaffolding eyodwa nayo ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa izakhiwo ezimfushane, kuyilapho ezinye izinhlobo zesikafula zisetshenziselwa izakhiwo eziphakeme.

Yiziphi Izinyathelo Zokuphepha lapho usebenzisa i-Single scaffolding?

Uma usebenzisa i-scaffolding eyodwa, kubalulekile ukubhekana nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezilandelayo:

• Qinisekisa ukuthi isikafula simiswe ngendlela efanele futhi izinzile
• Sebenzisa izinto eziqinile neziqinile ukwenza isikafula
• Vala noma yiziphi iziphetho ezicijile noma amakhona ngama-blade guard
• Sebenzisa amathuluzi kagesi ngokucophelela futhi uqinisekise ukuthi anamathiselwe kusikafula
• Yenza amasheke okulungisa njalo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi isikafula sisesimweni esihle

I-Double Scaffolding: Inketho Ephephile Neqinile Yokwakha Okunzima

Izindonga zamatshe kunzima ukusebenza ngazo ngoba abasebenzi abakwazi ukubhoboza kuzo. I-scaffolding kabili yisixazululo esiphelele sale nkinga ngoba ingakhiwa kude nodonga, inikeze inkundla ephephile futhi ezinzile ukuze abasebenzi benze umsebenzi wabo. Izinhlangothi ezimbili zesakhiwo sesikafula zinikeza ukwesekwa okukhulu nokuzinza, okwenza kuphephe ukuthi abasebenzi basebenze emazingeni aphezulu.

Sakhiwa kanjani i-Double Scaffolding?

Ukusethwa kwe-scaffolding kabili kubandakanya izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Umugqa wokuqala wezindinganiso ubekwe kude nodonga.
• Ama-ledger axhunywe kumazinga ekuphakameni okufunayo.
• Ama-transom axhunywe kumaleja ukuze kwakheke umugqa wesibili wamazinga.
• Ama-putlog axhunywe emgqeni wesibili wezindinganiso futhi abekwe phakathi kodonga nesikhulumi.
• Isiteji sibe sesinamathiselwa kuma-putlogs, okwenza indawo yokusebenza ephephile neqinile yabasebenzi.

Yiziphi Izindlela Zobuchwepheshe Ezilandelwa Ku-Double Scaffolding?

Izindlela zobuchwepheshe ezilandelwa ku-scaffolding kabili zihlanganisa:

• Izixhumanisi zokukhiya: Izingxenye ze-scaffolding ekabili zikhiyelwe ndawonye ukuze zinikeze ukuzinza nokuphepha okukhulu.
• Ukuxhumanisa okuvundlile: Izingcezu ezivundlile zesikafula esikabili zixhunywe ndawonye ukuze kwakhiwe inkundla eqinile futhi ezinzile.
• Izici zokuphepha: I-scaffolding ekabili ihlanganisa izici zokuphepha ezifana ne- guardrails namabhodi onyawo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuwa nezingozi.
• Ukunakekela: I-scaffolding ephindwe kabili idinga ukunakekelwa njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ihlala iphephile futhi iqinile.

Lithini Ibanga Lentengo Le-Double Scaffolding?

Intengo ye-scaffolding ephindwe kabili iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi inkampani kanye nohlobo lwesikafula esidingekayo. Izinkampani ezinokuhlangenwe nakho ezikhiqiza isikafula sekhwalithi ephezulu ngokuvamile zizokhokhisa inani eliphakeme kunezinkampani ezinikeza isikafula sekhwalithi ephansi. Intengo ye-scaffolding ephindwe kabili nayo incike ezicini ezengeziwe kanye nezidingo ezikhethekile zephrojekthi.

Athini Amagama Ezinkampani Ezidumile Eziphindwe Kabili?

Ezinye zezinkampani ezidumile zokukhwabanisa kabili zifaka:

• izendlalelo
• okhakhi
• I-Cuplock
• Kwikstage
• Ukukhala

Lezi zinkampani zaziwa ngedumela lazo elihle kakhulu embonini yezokwakha kanye nekhono lazo lokukhiqiza i-scaffolding yekhwalithi ephezulu ehlangabezana nezidingo eziyingqayizivele zephrojekthi ngayinye.

I-Cantilever Scaffolding: Uhlobo Oluhle Lwesikafula Sezidingo Ezithize Zokwakha

Uma kukhulunywa nge-scaffolding ye-cantilever, ukuphepha nokuklama kubaluleke kakhulu. Lolu hlobo lwesikafula ngokwemvelo luthwala ubungozi obengeziwe ngenxa yedizayini yalo enwetshiwe kanye neqiniso lokuthi lutholakala. ngaphandle yesakhiwo esikhulu. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi izinkampani zibhekisise lokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukukhiqizwa kwe-state-of-the-art kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-cantilever scaffolding.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu ukuvikela emonakalweni nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi.
• Ukubaluleka kokulandela izinqubo zokuphepha ezijwayelekile kanye nemihlahlandlela uma usebenzisa isikafula se-cantilever.
• Isidingo sokuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe kwabasebenzisi kanye nemfundo mayelana nokusetshenziswa okuphephile kwe-cantilever scaffolding.

Ukuthenga nokusebenzisa i-Cantilever scaffolding

Uma ucabanga ukusebenzisa i-cantilever scaffolding yephrojekthi yakho yokwakha, kubalulekile ukucabangela lokhu okulandelayo:

• Izidingo ezithile zephrojekthi yakho yokwakha kanye nokuthi i-cantilever scaffolding iyindlela engcono kakhulu kuwe.
• Ukutholakala kwe-cantilever scaffolding edolobheni lakho noma idolobha nokuthi ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezweni lakini.
• Ukubaluleka kokuthenga i-cantilever scaffolding ezinkampanini ezihlonishwayo ezisebenza ngokukhethekile ekukhiqizeni nasekukhiqizeni kwayo.
• Isidingo sokufakwa kochwepheshe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-scaffolding ye-cantilever ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwabasebenzi nokuvimbela umonakalo ongadingeki esakhiweni.

I-Scaffolding Yensimbi: Isakhiwo Esiqinile Nesiphephile Sokwakhiwa

Kunezizathu ezimbalwa zokuthi kungani i-scaffolding yensimbi ibhekwa njengenye indlela enhle yokwakha:

• Amandla amakhulu nokuqina
• Ukumelana nomlilo okuphakeme
• Kulula ukwakha nokudiliza
• Ihlinzeka ngokuphepha okwengeziwe kubasebenzi
• Ingasetshenziselwa inani elithile elisetshenziswayo ekwakheni
• Ingasetshenziswa ukumboza indawo enkulu
• Ingasetshenziselwa ukwakha ukulungiselelwa kwezinga lokwenza umsebenzi wokwakha

Ukunakekelwa Nokuhlolwa

Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi, i-scaffolding yensimbi idinga ukunakekelwa nokuhlolwa njalo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa:

• Ukuhlola isakhiwo ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa ngakunye
• Ukuhlola umonakalo noma ukuguga
• Ukubhekana nanoma yiziphi izinkinga ezingase zidale ukuthi isakhiwo singazinzi
• Ukwenza ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile ukugcina isakhiwo sisesimweni esihle

Izinzuzo Ezengeziwe Ze-Scaffolding Yensimbi

Ngaphezu kwamandla nokuqina kwayo, i-scaffolding yensimbi inikeza izinzuzo eziningi ezengeziwe, ezihlanganisa:

• Ikhono lokusekela inani elibalulekile lesisindo
• Ikhono lokusetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezilungiselelo zokwakha
• Ikhono lokusebenzisa izigaba ezahlukene zokwakha, kusukela esisekelweni kuya ekuqedeni
• Ikhono lokusetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezakhiwo, kusukela ezakhiweni zamatshe kuya kumiklamo yesimanje yobuciko
• Ikhono lokusetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezahlukene, njengoba i-scaffolding yensimbi itholakale ekwakhiweni kwamaShayina asendulo aqala izinkulungwane zeminyaka.

I-Specialty scaffolding: Ngale Kwezisekelo

I-Special scaffolding yakhelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile kanye nezidingo zomsebenzi othile wokwakha. Ezinye zezici ezikhethekile ze-scaffolding ekhethekile zifaka:

• Ukuxhumana okuqondile nokuvundlile: Isikafula esikhethekile sivamise ukuhlonywa ngoxhumo olungeziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe isakhiwo esinokulinganisela.

• Izigaba eziqoshiwe: Ezinye izikafula ezikhethekile zihlanganisa izigaba ezicijile ukuvumela ukubekwa kalula ezindaweni eziqinile.

• Ubude obude: Isikafula esikhethekile sivamise ukwakhiwa isikhathi eside kunesikafula esijwayelekile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezithile zomsebenzi wokwakha.

Ngaphandle kwezici ezengeziwe nezinto zokwakha ezisetshenziswa kusikafula esikhethekile, ukuphepha kusebaluleke kakhulu. Izinkampani kufanele ziqinisekise ukuthi isikafula sazo esikhethekile sihlome ngezici zokuphepha ezidingekayo nokuthi abasebenzisi baqeqeshwe kahle ukuze basisebenzise.

Isiphetho

Ngakho-ke, yileyo ndlela ongasebenzisa ngayo ngokuphepha i-scaffolding kuphrojekthi yakho elandelayo yokwakha. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukusebenzisa izinto ezifanele zomsebenzi kanye nokulandela imihlahlandlela yokuphepha.

Ngingu-Joost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Tools Doctor, umakethi wokuqukethwe, kanye nobaba. Ngiyakuthanda ukuzama okokusebenza okusha, futhi kanye nethimba lami ngidale izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2016 ukuze ngisize abafundi abathembekile ngamathuluzi namathiphu okwenza.