Amathayela mancane, ayisicaba, ama-rectangular noma izinto zokwakha eziyisikwele ezisetshenziselwa ukumboza phansi kanye izindonga. Ngokuvamile zenziwe nge-ceramic, kodwa futhi zingenziwa ngengilazi, insimbi, noma ngisho nokhonkolo.
Leli gama lisuselwa egameni lesiFulentshi elithi tuile, okusho ukuthi, lisuka kwelesiLatini elithi tegula, elisho uthayela ophahleni olwakhiwe ngobumba oluvuthayo.
Ake sibheke incazelo nomlando wale nto yokwakha.
Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizomboza:
Umlando Othakazelisayo Wamathayela
- Ukutholwa kwethempeli lase-Elamite e-Chogha Zanbil, e-Iran, elahlehlela emuva ku-1250 BC, kwembula imidwebo enemibala namathayela.
- Abantu baseMesophothamiya basendulo babethenga izitini ezikhazimulayo ezivela eBhabhiloni ukuze bahlobise izigodlo zabo.
- Izakhiwo zaseMesophothamiya zodaka nezingodobi zazihlotshiswe ngamathayili avela kwamanye amazwe avela emfuleni iTigris.
Amasu Athuthukile Ombuso Wase-Achaemenid
- Isigodlo sikaDariyu eSusa, e-Iran, sasinezindonga ezicwebezelayo nezisike amathayili.
- Isibonelo esihle kunazo zonke somsebenzi wamathayela we-Achaemenid isitini esicwebezelisiwe seSango i-Ishtar eBhabhiloni, elakhiwa kabusha ngezigaba zasePergamon Museum eBerlin.
- Izingcweti zasePheresiya zasebenzisa isikhunta ukuze zenze ama-tile futhi ziwapholishe ukuze acwebezele.
I-Islamic Art of Tiling
- I-Middle East yabona isu elithuthukisiwe lokuthayela ngesikhathi soMbuso WaseTimurid ngekhulu le-14.
- Idolobha lase-Isfahan e-Iran lidume ngomsebenzi walo we-Kufic tilework, okuwuhlobo lwe-calligraphy yamaSulumane.
- I-Jame Mosque e-Isfahan inedome elimangalisayo elihlotshiswe ngamathayili aluhlaza.
Ukukhetha I-Tile Material Elungile Yekhaya Lakho
Uma kuziwa ezintweni ze-tile, kunezinketho eziningi ezitholakalayo. Nazi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezinto zamathayili okufanele zicatshangelwe:
- I-Ceramic: Lolu uhlobo oludumile kakhulu lwempahla yamathayili futhi luvame ukusetshenziselwa ukubeka phansi nezindonga. Kulula ukuyinakekela, ishibhile, futhi iza ngemibala eminingi nemiklamo. Kodwa-ke, akulona uhlobo oluhlala isikhathi eside lukathayela futhi lungaqhekeka uma izinto ezisindayo zehliswa phezu kwalo.
- I-Porcelain: Lolu hlobo lwethayela lufana ne-ceramic kodwa luminyene futhi luhlala isikhathi eside. Imelana kakhulu namanzi namabala, okuyenza ibe ukukhetha okuhle kwamakhishi nezindlu zangasese. Amathayela e-porcelain eza ngemibala ehlukahlukene nezitayela, okuhlanganisa nokupholishwa nokupholishwa okupholishiwe.
- Itshe Lemvelo: Amathayela amatshe emvelo, njengegranite, imabula, nesileyithi, ahlala isikhathi eside futhi avela ezinhlobonhlobo zemibala namaphethini ahlukile. Zinhle kakhulu ekungezeni ukuthinta kokunethezeka ekhaya lakho futhi zingasetshenziselwa ukubeka phansi, izindonga, nama-countertops. Kodwa-ke, adinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe kunamathayela e-ceramic noma e-porcelain futhi angabiza kakhulu.
- Ingilazi: Amathayela engilazi ayinketho edumile yama-backsplashes nezindonga ze-accent. Ziza ngemibala ehlukahlukene futhi zingasikwa zibe izimo nosayizi abahlukene. Amathayela engilazi kulula ukuwahlanza futhi amelana kakhulu nesikhunta kanye nesikhutha.
- Insimbi: Amathayili ensimbi, njengensimbi engagqwali nethusi, ayisinqumo esihle sokwengeza ukubukeka kwemboni noma kwesimanje ekhaya lakho. Aqinile futhi amelana namanzi namabala. Nokho, zingabiza futhi zingadinga amathuluzi okusika akhethekile.
Izinzuzo Zento Ngayinye Yethayela
Uhlobo ngalunye lwempahla yethayela lunezinzuzo zalo ezihlukile. Nazi ezinye zezinzuzo zohlobo ngalunye:
- I-Ceramic: Kulula ukuyinakekela, ishibhile, futhi iza ngemibala eminingi nemiklamo.
- I-Porcelain: Imelana kakhulu namanzi namabala, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kwamakhishi nezindlu zangasese.
- Itshe Lemvelo: Lihlala isikhathi eside futhi liza ngohlu lwemibala ehlukile namaphethini.
- Ingilazi: Kulula ukuyihlanza futhi imelana kakhulu nesikhunta kanye nesikhutha.
- Insimbi: Ihlala isikhathi eside futhi imelana namanzi namabala.
Isinqumo sokugcina
Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni izinto zamathayili ezifanele zekhaya lakho, ayikho impendulo elingana yonke. Konke kuncike ezidingweni zakho ezithile kanye nezintandokazi zakho. Kodwa-ke, ngokulandela lo mhlahlandlela, uzoqiniseka ukuthi uthola impahla yethayela efanele yesikhala sakho ebukeka iyinhle futhi ehlala iminyaka ezayo.
Ubuhle Nokuqina Kwamathayela Asophahleni
Namuhla, kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-tile ophahleni atholakalayo, ngalinye linikeza izinzuzo zalo eziyingqayizivele. Ezinye zezinhlobo ezidume kakhulu zihlanganisa:
- Amathayela obumba: Lena inketho yendabuko enikeza ukuqina okuhle kakhulu kanye nohlu lwemibala.
- Amathayela kakhonkolo: Lawa angenye indlela ethengekayo kumathayela obumba, futhi afika ngemibala ehlukahlukene kanye nokuthungwa.
- Amathayela we-slate: Lena inketho ephezulu enikeza ukuthungwa kwemvelo, okuyisicaba kanye nohlu lwemibala.
- Amathayili ensimbi: Lena inketho entsha ehlanganisa ukuqina kwensimbi nokuklanywa kwamathayili ophahla endabuko.
- Amathayili elanga: Lawa wuhlobo olusha lwamathayela ophahleni olungaphehla ugesi wendlu yakho.
Amathayela Aphansi: Umhlahlandlela Wokugcina
Amathayela aphansi awuhlobo lwempahla yokwakha ehlanganisa izembozo ezincane, eziwunxande noma zesikwele eziklanyelwe ukubekwa phansi. Zitholakala ezintweni ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise namatshe, izinto zemvelo njengobumba negwadle, ngisho nengilazi. Amathayela aphansi eza ngezinhlobonhlobo zomumo, osayizi, nogqinsi, futhi angenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo kakhulu ngokuya ngedizayini nesitayela.
Ukukhetha Ithayela Lesitezi Esifanele
Lapho ukhetha i-tile yaphansi, kunezici ezimbalwa okufanele uzicabangele, kufaka phakathi:
- Usayizi nokuma kwethayela: Amathayili amakhulu angenza igumbi elincane libukeke likhulu, kuyilapho amathayela amancane angangeza imininingwane nentshisekelo endaweni enkulu.
- Impahla: Izinto ezihlukile zizoba nezici ezihlukile, njengokumelana kwamanzi nokuqina.
- Isitayela: Amathayela aphansi eza ngezitayela ezihlukahlukene, kusukela kwendabuko ukuya kwesimanje, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukukhetha isitayela esifanelana nokubukeka nokuzwakala kwendawo yakho yonke.
- Ubukhulu: Ubukhulu bethayela buzoncika ekubukeni okufunayo kanye nesisindo sempahla. Izinto ezisindayo njengetshe zizodinga ithayela eliwugqinsi ukuze zizisekele.
Ifaka Amathayela Aphansi
Ukufaka amathayela aphansi kungaba iphrojekthi ye-DIY, kodwa kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo yomkhiqizi ngokucophelela ukuze uqinisekise ukufakwa okuphephile nokuphumelelayo. Amanye amathiphu okufaka amathayili aphansi ahlanganisa:
- Ukulungisa indawo engaphezulu: Indawo kufanele ihlanzeke, yome, futhi ingabi nokungcola nemfucumfucu ngaphambi kokuba kubekwe amathayili.
- Ukusebenzisa ingcina efanele: Izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-tile zizodinga izinhlobo ezihlukene zokunamathisela, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukukhetha efanele umsebenzi.
- Ukusika amathayela: Amathayili angase adinge ukusikwa ukuze alingane emaphethelweni nasemakhoneni. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-tile cutter noma isaha elimanzi.
- I-Grouting: Uma ama-tile esesendaweni, azodinga ukuhlungwa ukuze agcwalise izikhala phakathi kwawo. Lokhu kuzosiza ukudala ukubukeka okufanayo nokupholishiwe.
Ama-Drawbacks Amathayela Aphansi
Nakuba amathayela aphansi enikeza izinzuzo eziningi, kukhona futhi ezinye izithiyo okufanele uzicabangele, okuhlanganisa:
- Ukubanda: Amathayili aphansi angabanda uma uwathinta, ikakhulukazi ezinyangeni zasebusika.
- Ukuqina: Amathayili aphansi angaba nzima futhi angakhululeki ukuma isikhathi eside.
- I-grout engcolile: Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-grout ingaba ngcolile futhi ishintshe umbala, idinga ukuhlanzwa njalo.
Ithuluzi Eliwusizo Lokumboza Uphahla: Amathayela Oseyili
Ama-Ceiling tiles, awaziwa nangokuthi ama-ceiling panel, ayinto evamile futhi ethandwayo esetshenziswa ezakhiweni ukumboza uphahla. Ayisindi futhi adizayinelwe ukuthuthukisa ubuhle nokuzwakala kwegumbi ngenkathi ehlinzeka ngokufakwa kokushisa okuthile. Ngokuvamile zenziwe nge-fiber, ukhuni, ubumba, noma ezinye izinto ezingasindi.
Yiziphi Izinhlobo Ezihlukene Zama-Ceiling Tiles?
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo zamathayili osilingi atholakalayo, ngalinye linomsebenzi othile nokusetshenziswa. Ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:
- Amathayela osilingi we-Acoustic: Lawa aklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomsindo ekamelweni ngokumunca amagagasi omsindo.
- Amathayela osilingi angasindi: Lawa enziwe ngezinto ezingasindi futhi kulula ukuwafaka.
- Amathayela osilingi akhethekile: Lawa aklanyelwe ukufeza isiphetho esithile noma umklamo.
- Amathayela osilingi awonga amandla: Lawa aklanyelwe ukunciphisa izindleko zamandla ngokuthuthukisa ukufakwa kwensimbi.
Uyini Umehluko Phakathi Kwamathayela Osesilingini Nezinye Izinto Zasesilingini?
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto zophahla, njenge-plaster noma i-drywall, amathayili ophahleni alandelayo:
- Ukugcinwa okuphansi
- Kulula ukufaka nokukhipha
- Iyakwazi ukukhiqiza uhla lwemiklamo kanye nokuqedwa
- Ukonga amandla okwengeziwe
Yini Okufanele Uyiqaphele Uma Usebenzisa Amathayela Oseyili?
Uma usebenzisa ama-ceiling tiles, kubalulekile ukukhumbula lokhu okulandelayo:
- Uhlobo lwe-ceiling tile oyikhethayo luzothinta ama-acoustics kanye nokushisa okushisayo kwekamelo.
- Imiyalelo yomkhiqizi kufanele ilandelwe ukuze kufakwe kahle.
- Izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-tile osilingi zingadinga amathuluzi ahlukene kanye nezinto zokwakha zokufakwa.
- Ukwakheka kwesakhiwo kungase kuthinte uhlobo lukathayela osilingini olungasetshenziswa, njengasekhishini lapho kungase kudingeke khona izinto ezingashi.
Ithini Incazelo Yegama elithi “Ceiling Tiles”?
Igama elithi “amathayela ophahleni” libhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezifakwa kugridi yensimbi noma ye-aluminium ukuze zimboze usilingi. Abizwa nangokuthi ama-ceiling panel.
Ubuciko Bokwenza Tile: Izinto Ezisetshenziswayo Nezinqubo
Inqubo yokwenza tile ihilela izinyathelo eziningana, kuhlanganise:
- Ukuxuba izithako: Kuye ngohlobo lwethayela elenziwayo, ingxube yezithako iyalungiswa. Lokhu kungafaka izinto zemvelo ezifana netshe nobumba, kanye nezinto zokwenziwa.
- Ukwakha amathayili: Ingxube ibe isibunjwa ibe yisimo nosayizi oyifunayo. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa izindlela zendabuko noma ngosizo lwemishini.
- Ukusika amathayili: Uma amathayela esenziwe, asikwa abe usayizi oyifunayo kusetshenziswa amasu ahlukahlukene. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukusika okumanzi noma okomile, kuye ngohlobo lwethayela elenziwayo.
- Ukugaya nokupholishwa: Ukuze kufinyelelwe isiphetho osifunayo, amathayili abe esegaywa futhi aphucuziwe. Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa ithuluzi elizungezayo le-abrasive, njenge-grinder yedayimane, ukususa noma iyiphi into eyeqile futhi kuthuthukiswe ingaphezulu lethayili. Lesi sinyathelo singenziwa simanzi noma somile, kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lwe-tile nokuqeda okufunayo.
- Ukufaka okuqediwe: Kuye ngomkhiqizi nokubukeka okufunayo, amathayili angase aqedwe ngamasu ahlukahlukene. Lokhu kungafaka ukupholisha, ukucija, noma ukungeza idizayini yangokwezifiso noma ukubukeka kwakudala.
Ukuhlukanisa Uthayela Kuyaphela
Amathayela angahlukaniswa ngokuya ngokuqedwa kwawo, okungabandakanya:
- Ipholishiwe: Isiphetho esicwebezelayo esitholwe ngokugaya nokupholisha indawo yethayela nge-abrasive ecolekile.
- Okuhlonitshiwe: Ukuqedwa kwe-matte okutholwe ngokugaya nokupholisha indawo yethayela nge-abrasive emahhadla.
- I-Matte: Ukuqedwa okungabonisi okutholwe ngokushiya indawo yethayela ingapholishiwe.
- I-Textured: Isiphetho esidala indawo engemuva noma enezimbambo, evamise ukusetshenziselwa amathayela angaphandle ukuvimbela ukushelela.
- Ngokwezifiso: Isiphetho esidizayinelwe ukufeza ukubukeka okuthile noma umuzwa, okuvamise ukudalwa ngokuxuba ukuqedwa okuhlukile noma ukungeza idizayini yangokwezifiso.
Ukubaluleka Kokukhetha Impahla Yethayela Elungile bese Uqeda
Ukukhetha okufanelekile kwethayela nokuqeda kubalulekile ngenxa yezizathu ezimbalwa:
- Ukuqina: Ezinye izinto zamathayili zihlala isikhathi eside kunezinye futhi zifaneleka kangcono ezindaweni ezinethrafikhi ephezulu.
- Isitayela: Impahla yethayela kanye nesiphetho kungaba nomthelela omkhulu kusitayela sonke nomklamo wesikhala.
- Ukunakekela: Okunye ukuqedwa kudinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe kunamanye, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukukhetha isiphetho esifanelana nendlela yakho yokuphila kanye nemikhuba yokuhlanza.
- Izindleko: Izinto zamathayili kanye nokuqedwa kungahluka kakhulu ngentengo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukukhetha into kanye nesiphetho esilingana nesabelomali sakho.
Isiphetho
Amathayela awuhlobo lwe phansi izinto ezenziwe nge-ceramic, porcelain, ingilazi noma insimbi. Asetshenziselwa kokubili ukuhlobisa ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Zilungele izindlu zangasese namakhishi ngoba kulula ukuzihlanza futhi zihlala isikhathi eside.
Ngakho-ke, manje uyazi ukuthi yini i-tile nokuthi isetshenziswa kanjani. Ungenza isinqumo esifanele uma kuziwa ekukhetheleni esikulungele.
Ngingu-Joost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Tools Doctor, umakethi wokuqukethwe, kanye nobaba. Ngiyakuthanda ukuzama okokusebenza okusha, futhi kanye nethimba lami ngidale izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2016 ukuze ngisize abafundi abathembekile ngamathuluzi namathiphu okwenza.
