Ithuluzi yinoma iyiphi into ephathekayo engasetshenziswa ukufeza umgomo, ikakhulukazi uma into ingadliwe ngesikhathi. Ngokungakahleleki leli gama libuye lisetshenziswe ukuchaza inqubo noma inqubo enenhloso ethile.
Zisetshenziselwa ukuxazulula izinkinga, futhi zisisize senze izinto zenzeke. Amathuluzi angaba yinoma yini kusuka kumatshe alula kuya kubuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi. Ziye zasetshenziswa abantu kusukela eminyakeni Paleolithic.
Ake sibheke umlando wamathuluzi nokuthi aguquke kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizomboza:
Kusho Ukuthini Ngempela Ukubiza Okuthile Ngethuluzi?
Uma sikhuluma ngethuluzi, sibhekisela entweni eklanyelwe ngokuqondile ukusetshenziswa umzimba ukuze kuzuzwe okuqondisiwe. Incazelo exhunywe egameni elithi “ithuluzi” idlulela ngalé kwento nje engaphathwa noma ibanjwe. Ithuluzi elifanele liyinto esetshenziswa ukuguqula indlela into eyiyo, noma ukuguqula indawo ezungezile ngendlela ephumelela kakhudlwana.
Incazelo Engokomzimba Yethuluzi
Ithuluzi into ebonakalayo engasetshenziswa wumzimba. Kuyinto yangaphandle, enganamathiselwe eshintshwayo futhi engashintshwa ukuze ivumelane nenjongo ethile. Amathuluzi ayizithasiselo ezinweba ikhono lomzimba lokufinyelela okuhlosiwe, futhi asetshenziselwa ukulungisa izinto ezingaphili noma indawo ezungezile ukuze kube lula ukuzuza kwalokho okuhlosiwe.
Ikusasa Lamathuluzi
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, incazelo yethuluzi ingase ishintshe. Singabona amathuluzi okungezona izinto ezibonakalayo, kodwa kunalokho ezemvelo noma ezisebenzisekayo ngendlela ehlukile. Kodwa-ke, incazelo eyinhloko yethuluzi izohlala ifana- into noma izindlela zokufinyelela okuhlosiwe.
Ukuvela Kwamathuluzi: Ukusuka Ematshe Alula kuya kubuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi
- Ngokungangabazeki, amathuluzi okuqala ayenziwe ngamatshe.
- Lawa mathuluzi okuqala enziwe ngamatshe athuthukiswe okungenani eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-2.6 edlule.
- Ngalezo zinsuku, amathuluzi amatshe ayesetshenziselwa ukuzingela nokusinda.
- Amathuluzi amatshe okuqala atholakala e-Afrika futhi abuyela enkathini ye-Paleolithic.
- Inhloso eyinhloko yala mathuluzi kwakuwukuhlaba izidumbu zezilwane nokulungisa inyama ezodliwa.
- Amathuluzi amatshe okuqala ayengama-flakes alula, abukhali ayekwazi ukusika izinhlamvu eziqinile zezilwane zasendle.
Ukuvela Kwamathuluzi Etshe
- Njengoba abantu bethuthuka, kanjalo namathuluzi abo.
- Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, amathuluzi amatshe aba yinkimbinkimbi futhi asetshenziselwe uhla olubanzi lwemisebenzi, kuhlanganise nokwakha nokubaza.
- Izinhlobo zangempela zamathuluzi amatshe zazihluka kuye ngezinto ezitholakalayo kanye nomsebenzi odingekayo.
- Amathuluzi amatshe aqashelwa kabanzi ahlanganisa izimbazo zesandla, ama-scrapers, namakhanda omcibisholo.
- Amathuluzi amatshe ayesetshenziswa kakhulu abantu ekuzingeleni, ekudobeni nasekulungiseni ukudla.
Ukuvela Kwezobuchwepheshe Ezintsha
- Ukusungulwa komnsalo nomcibisholo kwaba yisinyathelo esibalulekile esiya phambili kwezobuchwepheshe bokuzingela.
- Okutholwe ngemivubukulo kusikisela ukuthi umnsalo nomcibisholo kwavela cishe eminyakeni eyi-10,000 edlule.
- Isondo lasungulwa ngesikhathi esifanayo eMesophothamiya, elaguqula ezokuthutha nokwakha.
- Amathuluzi ensimbi athuthukiswa cishe nge-1st millennium BC, athatha indawo yamathuluzi amatshe ezindaweni eziningi.
- I-Upholstery regulator yasungulwa e-Combarelles, eFrance, eyayisetshenziselwa ukuqopha amathambo ezilwane.
Ukubaluleka Kwamathuluzi Emlandweni Womuntu
- Amathuluzi adlala indima ebalulekile ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo kwabantu kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwempucuko.
- Ikhono lokudala nokusebenzisa amathuluzi lalihlukanisa abantu kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane.
- Izazi ze-anthropologists zicwaninga kabanzi amathuluzi okuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezihlukene kanye nokuqonda ukubaluleka kwazo kwamasiko nomlando.
- Ukutholwa kwamathuluzi ahlukanisekayo ekumbeni kusikisela ukuthi ama-hominin ayehlukene ngokwesiko nangokomlando komunye nomunye.
- Ucwaningo lwamathuluzi luphinde luhlehlisele emuva izinsuku zokuziphendukela kwemvelo komuntu kanye nokwehlukana kwezinye izinhlobo zezinkawu.
- Amathuluzi okuqala ayekonakala, ahlanganisa izinto ezingashintshiwe, kodwa njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, amathuluzi aba izinto zobuciko eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ezivelele.
Amathuluzi: Umhlahlandlela Wezinhlobo Ezihlukene
Uma kuziwa kumathuluzi ayisisekelo, kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa okufanele wonke umninikhaya abe nazo egaraji labo. Lokhu kubandakanya:
- Ama-Screwdrivers: Lezi zisetshenziselwa ukukhulula noma ukuqinisa izikulufu futhi zize ngosayizi abahlukene kanye nomumo ukuze zifane nekhanda lesikulufu.
- Izando (izinhlobo ezahlukene zichazwe lapha): Lezi zisetshenziselwa ukushayelela izipikili noma ukuhlukanisa izinto. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezando, ezihlanganisa izando zozipho, izando ze-ball-peen, kanye ama-sledgehammers (sibuyekeze ezihamba phambili lapha).
- Ama-Wrenches: Lezi zisetshenziselwa ukuqinisa noma ukukhulula amabhawodi namantongomane. Ziza ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene kanye nokwakheka ukuze zifane nebhawodi noma nati.
Amathuluzi Wokusika
Amathuluzi okusika ahloselwe ukukhiqiza inqubo ephindaphindiwe yokusika futhi avame ukusetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi we-DIY. Izibonelo zamathuluzi okusika zifaka:
- Amasaha: Lawa asetshenziselwa ukusika izinto ezihlukahlukene njengokhuni, insimbi, nepulasitiki. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamasaha, okuhlanganisa amasaha ezandla, amasaha ayindilinga, namajigsaw.
- Ama-blades: Lawa asetshenziselwa ukusika izinto ezincane njengephepha, amakhadibhodi nendwangu. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-blade, okuhlanganisa ama-utility blades, imimese yokuzilibazisa, nama-scalpels.
- Izikele: Lezi zisetshenziselwa ukusika izinto ezifana nephepha, indwangu, nezintambo. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezikele, ezihlanganisa isikele esivamile, izikere ezipinki, nezisika zezintambo.
Glue kanye Amathuluzi Ukubamba
Amathuluzi okunamathisela kanye nokubamba kwenzelwe ukusiza ukubamba izinto ndawonye ngesikhathi sokwenza. Izibonelo zeglue namathuluzi okubamba zihlanganisa:
- Ama-clamps: Lezi zisetshenziselwa ukubamba izinto ndawonye ngenkathi i-glue yoma. Ziza ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene kanye nokwakheka ukuze zihambisane nezinto ezibanjwayo.
- Izibhamu zeglue: Lezi zisetshenziselwa ukuletha iglue eshisayo ezintweni. Ziza ngosayizi abahlukene kanye nokwakheka ukuze zifane nezidingo zomsebenzisi.
- Itheyiphu: Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukubamba izinto ndawonye okwesikhashana. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zetheyiphu, okuhlanganisa i-masking tape, i-duct tape, ne-electrical tape.
Amathuluzi Kagesi
Amathuluzi kagesi enzelwe ukwenza imisebenzi ehlobene nomsebenzi kagesi. Izibonelo zamathuluzi kagesi zifaka:
- Ama-wire strippers: Lezi zisetshenziselwa ukukhumula i-insulation off ezintanjeni. Ziza ngosayizi abahlukene ukuze zifane nocingo olukhumulwayo.
- I-Multimeter: Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukukala izakhiwo zikagesi ezifana ne-voltage, yamanje, nokumelana.
- Amapulangwe: Lawa asetshenziselwa ukubamba kanye nokushintsha izintambo. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamapliers, kuhlanganise inaliti-nose pliers, pliers lineman, futhi diagonal pliers.
Amathuluzi Ochwepheshe
Amathuluzi ochwepheshe enzelwe labo abasebenza kwezohwebo noma abadinga amathuluzi omsebenzi wabo. Izibonelo zamathuluzi ochwepheshe zifaka:
- Amathuluzi Amandla: Lawa angamathuluzi asetshenziswa ugesi noma ibhethri. Zihlanganisa ama-drill, amasaha, ama-sander nokunye.
- Amasethi: Lawa amaqoqo amathuluzi enzelwe ukufanisa umsebenzi othile noma ukuhweba. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi amasethi amathuluzi omakhenikha, amasethi amathuluzi osebenza ngogesi, namasethi amathuluzi ophayipha.
- Amabhithi: Lezi izinanyathiselwa zamathuluzi kagesi enzelwe ukufanisa okokusebenza okusetshenzwayo. Izibonelo zifaka ama-drill bits, ama-screwdriver bits, nama-router bits.
Amathuluzi Wokuphepha
Amathuluzi okuphepha enzelwe ukuvikela umsebenzisi ekulimaleni ngenkathi esebenzisa amathuluzi. Izibonelo zamathuluzi okuphepha zihlanganisa:
- Amagilavu: Lawa asetshenziselwa ukuvikela izandla ekusikekeni, ekuklwebheni nokunye ukulimala.
- Izibuko zokuphepha: Lezi zisetshenziselwa ukuvikela amehlo emfucumfucwini endizayo noma kwezinye izingozi.
- Ama-Earplugs: Lawa asetshenziselwa ukuvikela izindlebe emisindweni ephezulu engabangela umonakalo.
Amathuluzi Abalulekile Wemiklamo Yakho Yasekhaya ye-DIY
Uma kukhulunywa ngamaphrojekthi we-DIY endlini, ukuba namathuluzi afanele kubalulekile. Nawa amanye amathuluzi esandla ayisisekelo kunoma yiliphi ibhokisi lamathuluzi:
- Izikulufa (Phillips kanye noRobertson): Lezi zibaluleke kakhulu ekushayeleni izikulufu nokulungisa ifenisha.
- Amapulangwe: Lezi zitholakala kalula ukubamba nokudonsa izipikili noma ukususa izingcezu ezincane zokhuni.
- Isando: Isando esihle sibalulekile ekuxhumeni nasekususeni izipikili nasekuphakamiseni izinto.
- I-Wrench: Leli thuluzi lisetshenziselwa ukuqinisa nokukhulula amabhawodi namantongomane.
- I-Pry bar ne-wedge: Lezi ziwusizo ekususeni amabhlogo noma izingcezu zokhuni ezintekenteke.
Amathuluzi Amandla
Nakuba amathuluzi ezandla ewusizo kakhulu, amathuluzi amandla ingenza amaphrojekthi akho e-DIY abe lula futhi asheshe. Nawa amanye amathuluzi amandla ongase uthande ukuwangeza ebhokisini lakho lamathuluzi:
- I-Drill: Lena into okufanele ube nayo kunoma iyiphi iphrojekthi yokwakha. Ikuvumela ukuthi wenze izinhlobo ezahlukene zemigodi futhi ufake izikulufo kalula.
- Isaha eliyindilinga: Leli thuluzi lisetshenziselwa ukwenza ukusikeka okuqondile ngokhuni, futhi kulula ukulisebenzisa.
- I-Jigsaw: Leli thuluzi lifana nesaha eliyindilinga, kodwa likuvumela ukuthi wenze ukusikeka okuyinkimbinkimbi.
- I-screwdriver esebenza ngebhethri: Leli thuluzi lisebenza ngebhethri elishajekayo futhi lilungele ukufaka izikulufu ngokushesha nakalula.
Ijubane Lokuphepha
Ukusebenza ngamathuluzi kungaba yingozi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi uzilungiselele futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele. Nazi ezinye izinto zokuphepha okufanele uhlale unazo:
- Izibuko zokuphepha: Lezi zizovikela amehlo akho emfucumfucwini endizayo kanye ne-sawdust.
- Amagilavu: Lawa azokusiza ukubamba amathuluzi futhi avikele izandla zakho ekusikekeni nasekuklwebheni.
- Imaski yothuli (engcono kakhulu ebuyekezwe lapha): Lokhu kuzokuvimbela ekuhogeleni i-sawdust nezinye izinhlayiya.
Amathuluzi Alungile Omsebenzi
Uma kukhulunywa ngamaphrojekthi we-DIY, ukuba namathuluzi afanele omsebenzi kubalulekile. Nawa amanye amathiphu angakusiza ukuthi uthole amathuluzi angcono kakhulu amaphrojekthi akho:
- Qondanisa ithuluzi nephrojekthi: Qiniseka ukuthi unethuluzi elifanele lomsebenzi osuwenzile.
- Cabangela ukungeza amathuluzi amancane: Kwesinye isikhathi, amathuluzi amancane angakuvumela ukuthi wenze ukusikeka okuqinile noma usebenze ezindaweni eziqinile.
- Tshala kumathuluzi ekhwalithi: Nakuba kungase kulingeke ukuthenga amathuluzi ashibhe kakhulu, ukutshala imali kumathuluzi ekhwalithi kuzophumela emsebenzini ongcono kanye nokukhungatheka okumbalwa.
- Yazi izinhlobo ezihlukene zezikulufu: Izikulufu ze-Phillips ne-Robertson yizona ezivame kakhulu, kodwa kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi ezingase zidingeke kumaphrojekthi athile.
- Sebenzisa ithuluzi lokushayela elifanele: Qiniseka ukuthi unethuluzi elifanele lezikulufu zokushayela, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-screwdriver noma i-power drill.
- Sebenzisa izipikili ezifanele: Amaphrojekthi ahlukene adinga izinhlobo ezahlukene zezipikili, ngakho qiniseka ukuthi unezifanele zephrojekthi yakho.
- Sebenzisa izikulufu ezifanele: Ngokufanayo nezinzipho, amaphrojekthi ahlukene adinga izinhlobo ezihlukene zezikulufu, ngakho qiniseka ukuthi unezifanele iphrojekthi yakho.
Isiphetho
Ngakho, amathuluzi yizinto esizisebenzisayo ukwenza ukuphila kwethu kube lula. Bayingxenye yempilo yethu yansuku zonke futhi besingeke siphile ngaphandle kwabo.
Kusukela emimese kuya kuma-screwdrivers, siwasebenzisa cishe yonke into. Ngakho-ke ungakhohlwa ukufunda imanuwali futhi uyisebenzise ngendlela efanele ukuze ungazilimazi. Siyabonga ngokufunda!
Ngingu-Joost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Tools Doctor, umakethi wokuqukethwe, kanye nobaba. Ngiyakuthanda ukuzama okokusebenza okusha, futhi kanye nethimba lami ngidale izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2016 ukuze ngisize abafundi abathembekile ngamathuluzi namathiphu okwenza.
