Izinkuni Ezithambile: Izimpawu, Izibonelo, Nokusetshenziswa

I-Softwood izinkuni ezivela ezihlahleni ze-gymnosperm ezifana ne-conifers. I-Softwood iwumthombo cishe wamaphesenti angama-80 wokukhiqizwa kwezingodo emhlabeni, kanti izikhungo zendabuko zokukhiqiza kuyisifunda saseBaltic (okuhlanganisa iScandinavia neRussia), eNyakatho Melika naseChina.

Izinkuni ezithambile zilungele ukwakhiwa ngenxa yemvelo yazo engasindi kanye nokuphatha kalula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zithengeka kakhulu kunezinkuni eziqinile. Lezi zinkuni ziyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo futhi zingasetshenziselwa izinjongo ezihlukahlukene, njengokuvala kwangaphandle, ukufakwa kwamapulangwe ngaphakathi, i-flooring, kanye nefenisha.

Ukuze siqonde umehluko phakathi kwama-softwood nama-hardwoods kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo, ake singene esihlokweni.

I-Softwood: Inketho Eguquguqukayo Nedumile Yokwakha Nokuklama

I-Softwood uhlobo lwezinkuni oluvela ezihlahleni ze-gymnosperm, njenge-conifers. Kuphambene nokhuni oluqinile, oluvela ezihlahleni ze-angiosperm. I-Softwoods ayinazo izimbotshana, kuyilapho izinkuni eziqinile zingenayo imisele ye-resin. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinkuni ezithambile zinesakhiwo sangaphakathi esihlukile kunezinkuni eziqinile.

Umehluko Oyinhloko Phakathi Kwezinkuni Eziqinile kanye Nezinkuni

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwama-hardwoods nama-softwoods yisakhiwo sawo sangaphakathi. I-Softwoods ayinazo izimbotshana, kuyilapho izinkuni eziqinile zingenayo imisele ye-resin. Omunye umehluko uhlanganisa:

• I-Softwoods ivame ukuba nesisindo esincane kunezinkuni eziqinile.
• I-Softwoods ine-density ephansi kune-hardwoods.
• Ama-Softwoods avame ukutholakala futhi atholakala esitokisini esikhulu, okuwenza abe yinketho ethandwayo yokwakha kanye nempahla yokwakha.

Izici Nezimpawu ZeSoftwood

I-Softwood inikeza uhla lwezici nezici eziyenza ibe inketho efanelekile yokwakha nokuklama, okuhlanganisa:

• I-Softwood kulula ukuyikhiqiza nokusebenza ngayo kunokhuni oluqinile, okusho ukuthi ingadalwa futhi ibunjwe ngokushesha.
• I-Softwood ilungele ukwakhiwa nokwakha, njengoba iyindlela ejwayelekile yokumboza amashidi kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwezingodo.
• I-Softwood iyinketho ethandwayo yezakhiwo zokuhlala nezohwebo ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo ezitholakalayo.
• I-Softwood iyindlela enhle yokugqoka yangaphandle nangaphakathi, njengoba ivumela ukuqedwa okungenamthungo nokusebenza kahle.
• I-Softwood iyinketho efanelekile yokuzuza amathrendi edizayini yendabuko noma yesimanje ngenxa yemigqa yayo edonsa amehlo namabhodi anephrofayili.

Izibonelo ze-Softwood Trees kanye Nokusetshenziswa Okudumile

Ezinye izibonelo ezidumile zezihlahla ze-softwood zihlanganisa i-fir ne-hemlock. I-Softwood ivame ukusetshenziselwa:

• Udonga nophahla lwamapulangwe, njenge-VJ paneling kanye namaphrofayili ekoloni.
• I-Castelation ne-batten cladding, ehambisana namathrendi edizayini yesimanje ngemigqa yezithunzi namashaneli.
• Ukufakwa kwangaphandle okusebenzayo nokungenamthungo, okuncike esicini esiqhubekayo se-softwood futhi kuvumela ukuqeda okuhlanzekile nesimanje.
• Izimpahla zokwakha nezokwakha, njengamapulangwe nemikhiqizo yekhava yeshidi.
• Okukhethwa kukho ukumelana nomlilo, njengokhuni oluthambile oluphathwayo, okuyindlela enhle yokwakha nokwakha.

Ngenkathi ama-softwoods nama-hardwoods abelana ngokufana, kukhona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili zezinkuni:

• Ukuminyana: Izinkuni ezithambile ngokuvamile aziminyene kakhulu kunezinkuni eziqinile, ezingathinta ukusebenza kwazo kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.
• Isisindo: Ama-Softwoods ngokuvamile anesisindo esincane kunezinkuni eziqinile, okwenza kube lula ukusebenza nazo kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.
• Ama-Pores: I-Softwoods inezimbotshana ezinkulu kunezinkuni eziqinile, ezingathinta ukusebenza kwazo ezimweni ezithile. Isibonelo, izinkuni ezithambile ngokuvamile azimelani nokulimala kwezinambuzane kanye nezimo ezimanzi.
• Izakhiwo Zemishini: Ama-Softwoods avela ezihlahleni ze-gymnosperm, ezinobubanzi obukhulu bokuhlukahluka ngokuya ngezakhiwo zazo zemishini. Izinkuni eziqinile, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zivela ezihlahleni ze-angiosperm, ngokuvamile ezinezici zemishini ezingaguquki.

Sekukonke, izinkuni ezithambile ziwuhlobo lwezinkuni oluguquguqukayo futhi oluwusizo oluvame ukusetshenziswa ekwakheni, ekukhiqizeni nasekukhiqizeni izimpahla zeshidi. Nakuba zingase zingabi minyene noma ziqine njengezinkuni eziqinile, zinikeza uhla lwezinzuzo ezibenza babe ukukhetha okuhle kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile.

Izihlahla zeSoftwood kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo okuhlukahlukene

• Iphayini: Enye yezinkuni ezithambile ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni, uphayini uwukhuni oluguquguqukayo olufanele imisebenzi eminingi yokwakha nokwakha. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo ezahlukene zikaphayini ezitholakalayo, okuhlanganisa uphayini omhlophe nophayini obomvu, ngayinye enezici zayo ezihlukile nezimfanelo.
• Isihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi: Enye inketho ethandwayo yomsebenzi wokwakha, isihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi ukhuni oluqinile noluqinile olukwazi ukwenza kahle ngaphansi kohlu lwezimo ezihlukahlukene. Ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ehlukene, okuhlanganisa izimpahla zeshidi nezingxenye zesakhiwo.
• Umsedari: Waziwa ngokusanhlamvu kwawo okuqinile kanye nokuqeda okuhle, umsedari uyisinqumo esithandwayo sohlu lwemiklamo ehlukene nomsebenzi wokwakha. Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa amaphrojekthi angaphandle, njengokudekhisa nokubiyela, njengoba imelana ngokwemvelo nokubola nokubola.
• I-Fir: Izinkuni ezinhle eziguquguqukayo, i-fir ivame ukusetshenziswa emsebenzini wokwakha ngenxa yamandla ayo nokuqina. Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukwakha uhlaka nezinye izinto zesakhiwo, kanye nezimpahla zeshidi neminye imikhiqizo yokwakha.

Ukusetshenziswa kweSoftwood

• Ukwakhiwa: I-Softwoods iyisici esibalulekile ekukhiqizeni inhlobonhlobo yezinto zokwakha nezokwakha. Asetshenziselwa ukudala yonke into kusukela kufreyimu kanye nezakhi zesakhiwo kuya ezimpahleni zamashidi neminye imikhiqizo yokwakha.
• Ukwenza Ifenisha: Izinkuni ezithambile nazo zivame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ifenisha, ikakhulukazi izingcezu eziklanyelwe ukuba zibe lula futhi zihambe kalula. Ngokuvamile ishibhile kunezinkuni eziqinile, okwenza kube yisinqumo esithandwayo kubathengi abaqaphela isabelomali.
• I-Woodworking: I-Softwoods iyisinqumo esithandwayo semiklamo eminingi yokwenza izinkuni, kuhlanganise nokubaza nokuphenduka. Ngokuvamile kulula ukusebenza ngazo kunezinkuni eziqinile, kuye ngohlobo oluthile lokhuni kanye nephrojekthi eseduze.
• Ukukhiqizwa Kwephepha: I-Softwoods ivame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni iphepha, njengoba ikwazi ukukhiqiza izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zemikhiqizo yephepha. Zivame ukuhlukaniswa ngokuthi "i-fiber ende" noma "i-fiber emifushane" kuye ngobude bemicu okhunini.
• Okunye Ukusetshenziswa: I-Softwoods isetshenziswa kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi, kufaka phakathi njengomthombo wamafutha, ukukhiqizwa kwamafutha abalulekile, nokudala izinsimbi zomculo.

Umehluko Phakathi kwezinhlobo zeSoftwood

• Isisindo: I-Softwoods ingahluka ngesisindo kuye ngokuthi uhlobo oluthile lwezinkuni. Amanye ama-softwoods, njengemisedari, alula kunabanye, kanti amanye, njenge-fir, angaba nzima kakhulu.
• Umbala: Ama-Softwoods angaphinda ahluke ngombala, amanye, njengophayini, avele aphuzi kakhulu noma abomvu, kanti amanye, njengespruce, ngokuvamile amhlophe noma alula ngombala.
• Okusanhlamvu: I-Softwoods ingaba nohlu lwamaphethini okusanhlamvu ahlukene, amanye, njengomsedari, anezinhlamvu eziqinile, eziqondile, kanti ezinye, njengephayini, zinephethini yokusanhlamvu evulekile futhi engavamile.
• Umehluko Wezinto Eziphilayo: I-Softwoods ingahluka ngokokwakheka kwayo kwezinto eziphilayo, kanti ezinye, njengemisedari ebomvu yasentshonalanga, ziphakeme ngokumelana kwazo ngokwemvelo ukubola nokulimala kwezinambuzane.

Ukungezelela nokuDinga

• Ama-Softwoods atholakala kabanzi futhi ngokuvamile ashibhile kunokhuni oluqinile, okuwenza abe yisinqumo esithandwayo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene.
• Ama-Softwoods akhiqizwa emhlabeni wonke, anezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo ezitholakalayo kuye ngendawo nesimo sezulu.
• Ama-Softwoods ngokuvamile alula ukucubungula nokuletha kunezinkuni eziqinile, okuwenza abe yisinqumo esidumile ezimbonini eziningi ezahlukene.

Izicelo Ze-Softwood: Ngaphezu Kwezokwakha Nje

Ugodo lwe-Softwood luvame ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezinhloso zesakhiwo kanye nezidumbu ngenxa yamandla aso nokuqina. Ezinye zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Uphahla kanye nokufakwa phansi
• Ukufakwa kwezindonga kanye nokufakwa kwe-sheathing
• Imishayo namakholomu
• Izigxobo nezigxobo

I-Softwood ibuye isetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni i-plywood, into ethandwayo yokwakha nokwenza ifenisha.

Ukuqeda Izicelo

ISoftwood iyisinqumo esidumile sokuqeda izinhlelo zokusebenza ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo nokufinyeleleka kwayo. Ezinye zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezivame kakhulu zokuqeda zihlanganisa:

• Iminyango namafasitela
• Ukubumba nokunquma
• Amakhabethe kanye nefenisha
• Ukuhlobisa kanye nothango

I-Softwood iphinde isetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni iphepha kanye ne-pulp, esetshenziswa ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene.

Izicelo Zesifunda

I-Softwood itshalwa ezifundeni eziningi emhlabeni jikelele, kuhlanganise neScandinavia, isifunda saseBaltic, neNyakatho Melika. Isifunda ngasinye sinezici zaso ezihlukile kanye nezicelo zamapulangwe e-softwood. Ezinye zezinhlelo zokusebenza zesifunda ezivame kakhulu zifaka:

• I-Scandinavia: I-Softwood ivame ukusetshenziswa ekwakheni nasekwenzeni ifenisha ngenxa yamandla ayo nokuqina.
• Isifunda sase-Baltic: I-Softwood ivame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni iphepha ne-pulp, kanye nokwakhiwa kanye nokwenza ifenisha.
• INyakatho Melika: I-Softwood ivame ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zesakhiwo nokuqeda, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwephepha ne-pulp.

Kungani I-Softwoods Ingcono Kakhulu Ezokwakha

I-Softwoods, njengemisedari kanye iphayini, atholakala kalula futhi ashintshwa kalula, okuwenza abe yinketho ethandwayo yokwakha. Zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza uhlaka lwangaphakathi, ukukhiqiza izimpahla ezifana ne-plywood, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zangaphandle ezifana nothango namaphalethi. Ama-Softwoods nawo asetshenziselwa ukukhulisa izindonga zangaphakathi ezindlini.

Ama-Softwoods Ayabiza Ngezindleko

I-Softwoods incane futhi ilula kunezinkuni eziqinile, okuholela ezindlekweni eziphansi zokuthutha nokufaka. Futhi ayashesha ukuthuthukisa, okuwenza abe ukukhetha okusimeme ekwakheni.

Ama-Softwoods Aqinile

Nakuba izinkuni ezithambile zingase zingabi minyene njengezinkuni eziqinile, zisengaba nempilo ende lapho ziphathwa kahle. Ama-Softwoods angafakwa kuma-biocides ukwandisa ukumelana kwawo nokubola nezinambuzane, okuwenza afanelekele ukusetshenziswa kwangaphandle.

I-Softwoods Yefenisha: Umbono Omuhle Noma Ukutshalwa Kwezimali Okuyingozi?

Uma ufuna ama-softwood okwenza ifenisha, kubalulekile ukwazi izinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nezici zabo eziyingqayizivele. Nazi ezinye izinto okufanele uzikhumbule:

• Izinhlobo ze-Softwood: Amanye ama-softwoods athandwayo okwenza ifenisha ahlanganisa i-pine, imisedari, ne-fir.
• Okusanhlamvu nombala: Okusanhlamvu kwe-Softwood kuvame ukuhambisana kakhulu kunokhuni oluqinile, kodwa umbala ungahluka kuye ngohlobo oluthile lokhuni.
• Ukwazi ukufanisa: Uma ufuna ukubukeka okungaguquki, kubalulekile ukwazi ukufanisa okusanhlamvu kokhuni nombala.
• Ukutholakala kwendawo: Ama-Softwoods atholakala kalula ezitolo zasendaweni ze-hardware, okuwenza abe inketho elula kulabo abafuna ukuqala iphrojekthi yokwenza ifenisha.

Izinzuzo Nezingozi Zokusebenzisa I-Softwoods Yefenisha

I-Softwoods ihlinzeka ngezinzuzo eziningana uma kuziwa ekwenzeni ifenisha, kodwa kunezinye izithiyo okufanele uzicabangele:

buhle:

• Kushibhile: Ama-Softwoods ngokuvamile ashibhile kunezinkuni eziqinile, okwenza kube inketho ethengekayo kulabo abasesabelomali.
• Kulula ukusebenza ngawo: Ama-Softwoods athambile futhi kulula ukuwasika nokuma kunezinkuni eziqinile, okuwenza abe yisinqumo esihle kwabaqalayo noma labo abangenalo ukufinyelela kochwepheshe. amathuluzi okusebenza ngokhuni (nazi izinto ezibalulekile).
• Atholakala kalula: Ama-Softwoods atholakala kabanzi ezitolo ze-hardware, okwenza kube lula ukuwathola kulabo abafuna ukuqala umsebenzi wokwenza ifenisha.

bawo:

• Akunjalo njengokuqina: I-Softwoods ayinzima njengezinkuni eziqinile, okusho ukuthi ingase ingabi namandla noma ihlale isikhathi eside.
• Amasongo okukhula: I-Softwoods inezindandatho zokukhula eziphinda ngephethini engaguquki, engenza zibukeke zingavamile kunezinkuni eziqinile.
• Isendlalelo se-Veneer: I-Softwoods ivame ukuba nongqimba lwe-veneer olungalingani futhi lungase lubukeke luhle njengezinkuni eziqinile uma zingcolile.

Ungaqinisekisa Kanjani Ifenisha Ye-Softwood Iqinile Futhi Ihlala Njalo

Uma unquma ukusebenzisa ama-softwoods ekwenzeni ifenisha, kunezinto ezithile ongayenza ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ifenisha yakho iqinile futhi ihlala isikhathi eside:

• Sika izinkuni ngendlela efanele: Izinkuni ezithambile zivame ukuba namandla futhi ziqine kakhulu lapho zisikwa eduze nokusanhlamvu.
• Hlola amafindo: Amafindo angawenza buthaka izinkuni, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi uwahlole ngaphambi kokuqala iphrojekthi yakho.
• Hlola izinkuni: Bheka noma yimaphi amaphunga angajwayelekile noma amaphethini e-fluorescent angabonisa ukuthi izinkuni azilona izinga elihle.
• Landela izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zokwakha: U-Carina Jaramillo, umenzi wefenisha, uphakamisa ukuthi kusetshenziswe iglue nezikulufu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ifenisha inamandla futhi ihlala isikhathi eside.
• Sebenzisa ama-softwoods alondoloziwe noma ahlanjululwe: Lezi zinhlobo ze-softwoods zivame ukuba namandla futhi zihlala isikhathi eside kunezinkuni ezisanda kusika.

Ungawabona Kanjani Ama-Softwood Okwenza Ifenisha

Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi ungawabona kanjani ama-softwoods okwenza ifenisha, nanka amathiphu:

• I-Softwood ijwayele ukuba nesakhiwo se-pore evulekile, esinikeza ukubukeka okuthambile.
• I-Softwood yengeza umuzwa wokufudumala kwifenisha, kodwa ingabukeka ingalingani lapho inebala.
• I-Cedar iyi-softwood ethandwayo yokwakha izikebhe ngoba ijwayele ukuba namandla futhi ihlala isikhathi eside kunezinye izinkuni ezithambile.
• Sesha izinhlobo ezithile ze-softwoods: Isibonelo, i-fir iyi-softwood evamile esetshenziselwa ukwenza ifenisha ngoba ijwayele ukuba namandla futhi ihlala isikhathi eside kunezinye izinkuni ezithambile.

I-Hardwood vs Softwood Density: Odinga Ukukwazi

Ukuze uqonde kangcono umehluko phakathi kwe-hardwoods ne-softwoods, nazi izibonelo zento ngayinye:

• Izinkuni eziqinile: i-ebony, i-rosewood, i-walnut, umlotha
• Izinkuni ezithambile: uphayini, i-spruce, poplar

Ukuminyana Kunikela Kanjani Ekusetshenzisweni Kwezinkuni Eziqinile kanye Nezihlahla Ezithambile

Ukuminyana kokhuni kunomthelela ekusetshenzisweni kwalo ngezindlela eziningi. Nazi izibonelo:

• Izinkuni eziqinile zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza ifenisha nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukhuni oluqinile olungamelana nokuguga nokudilika isikhathi eside.
• Ama-Softwoods avame ukusetshenziswa ekwakheni nasekwakhiweni ngenxa yekhono lawo lokusikwa nokulolongwa kalula, okuwenza abe yisinqumo esidumile sokwenza uhlaka nezinye izingxenye zesakhiwo sezakhiwo.
• Ama-Softwoods nawo avame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo yephepha, njengamaphephandaba nomagazini, ngenxa yezintambo zabo ezinde, eziqondile.

Ama-Deciduous vs Evergreen Trees

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinkuni eziqinile kanye ne-softwoods akusekelwe emaqabunga noma imbewu yesihlahla, kodwa kunalokho ekumineni kwezinkuni. Kodwa-ke, kunomehluko ojwayelekile phakathi kwezihlahla ezivuthuluka neziluhlaza ezingakusiza ukuthi ubone uhlobo lwezinkuni:

• Izihlahla eziphukayo, njenge-walnut nomlotha, ngokuvamile ziba nokhuni olumnyama kunezihlahla ezihlala ziluhlaza.
• Izihlahla ezihlale ziluhlaza, njengophayini nespruce, zinezinkuni ezinemibala ekhanyayo.
• Izihlahla eziphukayo zilahlekelwa amaqabunga ekwindla, kuyilapho izihlahla ezihlala ziluhlaza zigcina amaqabunga azo unyaka wonke.

Isiphetho

Ngakho-ke usunakho- izinkuni ezithambile ziyahlukahluka, zithandwa, futhi zilungele ukwakha ngoba kulula ukusebenza ngazo futhi azidingi amandla amaningi njengezinkuni eziqinile. Zilungele izindonga zangaphandle nosilingi, futhi zilungele ukuqedelwa kwangaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zilungele kokubili izakhiwo zokuhlala nezohwebo. Ngakho ungesabi ukuzisebenzisa!

Ngingu-Joost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Tools Doctor, umakethi wokuqukethwe, kanye nobaba. Ngiyakuthanda ukuzama okokusebenza okusha, futhi kanye nethimba lami ngidale izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2016 ukuze ngisize abafundi abathembekile ngamathuluzi namathiphu okwenza.