Ukukha Indawo Yensimbi? I Ultimate Guide to Metal Preservation

I-Pickling inqubo yokwelapha insimbi ukuze kukhishwe ukungcola futhi kulungiselelwe indawo yokwelashwa okwengeziwe noma ukumbozwa. Indlela ejwayeleke kakhulu yokukhetha ukusebenzisa isixazululo esine-acidic ukususa ukungcola okungaphezulu.

Umkhuba wamakhulu eminyaka ohlanganisa uchungechunge lwezinyathelo zokudala indawo ebushelelezi, ehlanzekile. Ake sibheke inqubo yokukhetha nokuthi ihluke kanjani kwezinye izinqubo zokwelashwa ezingaphezulu.

Kungani I-Pickling Metal Surfaces Kungumkhuba Ovamile Ekukhiqizeni Kwesimanje

I-Pickling iyindlela yokucubungula insimbi ehlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwesisombululo esine-acidic ukususa ukungcola okungaphezulu ensimbi, eshidini lensimbi, nakwezinye izinto zensimbi. Inqubo ivame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwemikhiqizo yensimbi ukuze kwakhiwe indawo ebushelelezi nehlanzekile okulula ukusebenza nayo futhi inikeza isivikelo esingcono ngokumelene nezinguquko ezingezinhle ezihlobene nesitoreji noma isevisi.

I-Pickling Process

Inqubo pickling iqukethe izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Ukulungisa ingaphezulu lensimbi ngokugaya, ukupholishela, noma ukugoqa amashidi ukuze kususwe noma yisiphi isikali esibonakalayo noma amaphutha angaphezulu.
• Ukusebenzisa isixazululo se-pickling endaweni yensimbi, ngokuvamile equkethe ingxube yezinhlanganisela ezincibilikayo ezihlasela ngokuphumelelayo futhi zisuse noma yikuphi ukungcola okusele.
• Ukuvumela insimbi ukuthi icwiliswe kwisisombululo sokukha isikhathi esithile, kuye ngohlobo kanye nemvelo yensimbi efakwe emanzini.
• Ukukhipha insimbi kwikhambi lokukha nokuyigeza kahle ngamanzi ukuze kukhishwe noma yikuphi okuqukethwe kwe-asidi esele.

Ukwakhiwa Kwezixazululo ze-Pickling

Ukwakheka okuqondile kwezixazululo ze-pickling kuyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lwensimbi olufakwe emanzini kanye nezidingo ezithile zenqubo yokukhiqiza. Kodwa-ke, izixazululo zokuqoqa ngokuvamile ziqukethe ingxube yama-asidi, njenge-hydrochloric acid noma i-sulfuric acid, nezinye izinhlanganisela ezisekela inqubo yokukhetha.

Izinhlobo Ezihlukene Zokukha

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokukhetha okuvame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni kwanamuhla:

• I-pickling eshisayo, ehlanganisa ukusebenzisa isixazululo se-pickling ebusweni bensimbi ekushiseni okuphezulu ukwandisa ukusebenza kwenqubo.
• Ukucosha okubandayo, okuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa isixazululo sokukha endaweni yensimbi ekamelweni lokushisa, okuvame ukusetshenziselwa izinto zensimbi ezisezingeni eliphansi noma lapho ukusetshenziswa kokukhetha okushisayo kunqunyelwe.

Kungani i-Pickling iyindlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha engaphezulu kwezinsimbi

I-Pickling isetshenziswe amakhulu eminyaka njengendlela yokulungisa izinsimbi ukuze zicutshungulwe. Esikhathini esedlule, kwakuvame ukwenziwa ngokufaka i-asidi ebusweni bensimbi, eyayizohlasela ngokuphumelelayo futhi isuse noma yisiphi isikali noma okunye ukungcola. Namuhla, ukucosha kuyinqubo yesimanjemanje ebandakanya uchungechunge lwezinyathelo zokudala indawo ehlanzekile, epholishiwe engenakho okuqukethwe okubi.

Kuyini i-Pickling?

I-Pickling inqubo yokwelapha engaphezulu ebandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwesisombululo se-asidi ukuze kukhishwe noma yikuphi ukungcola okukha phezulu ezinsimbi. Le nqubo ivame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni insimbi, lapho ibizwa ngokuthi "i-pickled and oiled." Isixazululo se-asidi esisetshenziswa ekukhetheni ngokuvamile siyingxube ye-hydrochloric ne-sulfuric acid, kuye ngohlobo lwensimbi olucutshungulwayo.

Izinhlobo Zezinsimbi Ezingakhethwa

I-Pickling ingasetshenziswa ezinsimbi ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise:

• Insimbi
• Iron
• Copper
• Brass
• Aluminum

Izinyathelo Ezihilelekile Enqubweni Yokukha

Inqubo pickling ngokuvamile iqukethe izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Ukugaya noma ukupholisha insimbi ukususa noma yikuphi ukungapheleli kwendawo.
• Ukulungisa isisombululo se-asidi kokuqukethwe okufanele kanye nezinga lokushisa.
• Ukusebenzisa isisombululo se-asidi endaweni yensimbi isikhathi esithile.
• Ukukhipha isixazululo se-asidi nokugeza insimbi ngamanzi.
• Ukugcina insimbi efakwe emanzini anosawoti endaweni eyomile, epholile ukuvimbela noma yikuphi ukugqwala okwengeziwe.

Yini Eyehlayo Ngesikhathi Sokukhetha?

Ukugxila kotshwala obunqunyiwe nakho kunendima enqubweni yokuqoqa. Ukugcwala kwe-asidi noma isixazululo sesisekelo kungahluka kuye ngohlobo lwensimbi olufakwe emanzini anosawoti kanye nokungcola okudingeka kususwe. Ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-asidi noma isixazululo sesisekelo kuvumela ukususwa okusebenzayo kokungcola, kodwa kungase futhi kuphumele ekuqedeni kwekhwalithi ephansi. Ukugxiliswa okuphansi kwe-asidi noma isixazululo sesisekelo kunikeza isiphetho sekhwalithi ephezulu, kodwa kungase kungakususi ngempumelelo konke ukungcola.

Isikhathi Sesikhathi Sokukhetha

Isikhathi sokuqoqwa kwensimbi siyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwensimbi olufakwe emanzini anosawoti kanye nokungcola okudingeka kususwe. Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuqoqa utshwala ngokuvamile sisethwa umkhiqizi wotshwala obukhethiwe futhi singahluka kusuka emaminithini ambalwa kuya emahoreni ambalwa. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungashiyi insimbi otshwaleni bokukha isikhathi eside, njengoba lokhu kungabangela ukuqothuka ngokweqile kanye nokulimala ebusweni bensimbi.

Izisekelo ezisetshenziswa ku-Pickling

Phakathi nenqubo yokukhetha, insimbi ivame ukusekelwa amayunithi akhethekile avumela uphuzo oludakayo ukuthi lungene ngokugcwele ebusweni bensimbi. Lezi zisekelo zingathatha uhlobo lwamashidi, amaroli, noma ezinye izimo ezidizayinelwe ukuvumela uphuzo oludakayo ukuthi luhlasele ngempumelelo ukungcola okungaphezulu kwensimbi.

Indlela Yokugcoba Indawo Yensimbi: Umhlahlandlela Wesinyathelo Ngesinyathelo

Isinyathelo 1: Ukulungisa I-Metal Surface

Ngaphambi kokukhetha, kubalulekile ukulungisa indawo yensimbi. Lesi sinyathelo sibandakanya ukususa noma yimaphi amafutha, amafutha, noma ukungcola phezulu usebenzisa into eqhumayo. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indawo engaphezulu ihlanzekile futhi ayinakho ukungcola okungase kuphazamise inqubo yokukhetha.

Isinyathelo sesi-2: Ukusebenzisa isixazululo se-Pickling

Inqubo yokukhetha ihlanganisa ukusebenzisa isisombululo se-asidi endaweni yensimbi. Izixazululo ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu zokukhetha i-hydrochloric noma i-sulfuric acid. I-asidi isusa ungqimba lwe-oxide nanoma yikuphi ukungcola okukhona ebusweni bensimbi. Isixazululo se-pickling sivame ukusetshenziswa ngokucwilisa insimbi kwisisombululo se-asidi noma ngokuxubha isisombululo phezulu.

Isinyathelo sesi-3: Ukuvumela Isixazululo Se-Pickling ukuthi Sisebenze

Ngemuva kokusebenzisa isixazululo se-pickling, kubalulekile ukusivumela ukuthi sisebenze isikhathi esithile. Isikhathi esidingekayo senqubo yokukhetha sincike ohlotsheni lwensimbi, ukushuba kongqimba lwe-oxide, kanye nokugcwala kwesisombululo se-asidi. Ngokuvamile, inqubo ithatha noma yikuphi ukusuka emaminithini ambalwa kuya emahoreni ambalwa.

Isinyathelo sesi-4: Ukuhlanza i-Metal Surface

Uma inqubo yokukhetha isiqediwe, ingaphezulu lensimbi kufanele lihlanjululwe kahle ngamanzi ukuze kukhishwe noma yisiphi isisombululo se-asidi esisele. Lesi sinyathelo sibalulekile njengoba noma iyiphi i-asidi esele phezulu ingaqhubeka nokuhlasela insimbi futhi ibangele ukugqwala.

Isinyathelo sesi-5: Ukungathathi hlangothi kwesixazululo se-Acid

Ngemva kokuwasha, ingaphezulu lensimbi kufanele lincishiswe ukuze kuvinjelwe noma yikuphi ukusabela kwamakhemikhali. Lesi sinyathelo sihilela ukusebenzisa isisombululo sokungathathi hlangothi endaweni yensimbi. Isixazululo esivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu sokungathathi hlangothi siyingxube ye-baking soda namanzi.

Isinyathelo sesi-6: Ukomisa i-Metal Surface

Isinyathelo sokugcina enqubweni yokukhetha ukomisa ubuso bensimbi. Lesi sinyathelo sibalulekile njengoba noma imuphi umswakama osele ungabangela ukuba insimbi igle. Ingaphezulu lensimbi lingomiswa kusetshenziswa indwangu ehlanzekile noma ngokuyivumela ukuba yome emoyeni.

Sekukonke, ukucosha kuyinqubo elula kodwa ephumelelayo yokususa ukungcola endaweni yensimbi. Inikeza izinzuzo eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukudala indawo ebushelelezi nehlanzekile, ukususa isikali ne-oxide okuqukethwe, nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi iyonke yensimbi. Ngenkathi zikhona ezinye izindlela zokuthi ukuhlanza izindawo zensimbi, pickling iyona esetshenziswa kakhulu futhi inikeza imiphumela engcono kakhulu.

Lapho I-Pickling Ingalungile: Imiphumela Emibi Yezindawo Zensimbi Ezicwebe Kakhulu

I-Pickling iyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekukhiqizeni izindawo zensimbi ezihlanzekile neziphucuziwe. Kubandakanya ukusebenzisa ingxube ye-asidi endaweni yensimbi ukuze kukhishwe noma yiziphi izingxenye ezincibilikayo nokungcola. Kodwa-ke, uma insimbi ifakwe emanzini isikhathi eside, ingaba nemiphumela emibi emkhiqizweni wokugcina.

Ungakugwema Kanjani Ukukha Okuningi

Ukuze ugweme ukuqoqwa ngokweqile, kubalulekile ukulandela inqubo efanele yokukhetha futhi ungashiyi insimbi kusixazululo sokukhetha isikhathi eside kunesidingo. Amanye amathiphu okugwema ukuqothuka ngokweqile ahlanganisa:

• Ukusebenzisa isixazululo esifanele sokukhetha: Izinhlobo ezahlukene zensimbi zidinga izixazululo ezihlukene zokukhetha. Qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa isixazululo esifanele sensimbi osebenza ngayo.

• Ukuqapha inqubo yokukhetha: Qaphela insimbi ngenkathi icoliswa ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ayikho esixazululweni isikhathi eside kunesidingo.

• Ukusebenzisa ingxube efanele yezithako: Qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa ingxube efanele yezithako ekhambi lokukha amanzi ukuze ugweme ukukha kakhulu.

• Ukulungisa insimbi ngendlela efanele: Qiniseka ukuthi uyilungisa kahle ingaphezulu lensimbi ngaphambi kokukhetha ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ingxube ye-asidi isetshenziswa ngokulinganayo nangokuphelele.

• Ukukhipha insimbi esixazululweni sokukha ngesikhathi esifanele: Ungashiyi insimbi kusisombululo sokukha isikhathi eside kunesidingo.

Kungani I-Pickling Kuyindlela Yokwelapha Engaphezulu Engcono Kakhulu Yemikhiqizo Yakho Yensimbi

I-Pickling yinqubo ebandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwe-asidi ukususa ukungcola ezindaweni zensimbi. Le nqubo inikeza izinzuzo eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukuqina okuthuthukisiwe nokusebenza kwensimbi. Inqubo pickling isusa ukungcola ezifana ukugqwala, isikali, nokunye ukungcola okungabangela ukuba insimbi yonakale ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Umphumela ohlanzekile nobushelelezi owenziwe nge-pickling usho ukuthi insimbi ikwazi kangcono ukwenza umsebenzi wayo ohlosiwe.

Kulula Ukulawula futhi Ifanele Izinto Ezihlukene

I-Pickling iyinqubo elula nelula ukuyilawula efaneleka ukusetshenziswa nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto. Inqubo yokukhetha ingasetshenziswa ukususa ukungcola ensimbi, ithusi, izinsimbi eziyigugu, nama-alloys e-aluminium. Inqubo yokukhetha iphinde ilungele ukudala indawo ebushelelezi ezintweni eziqhumayo okungaba nzima ukusebenza ngazo usebenzisa ezinye izindlela.

Inikeza Ukuzizwa Nokubukeka Okuyingqayizivele

Inqubo yokukhetha inikeza umuzwa oyingqayizivele futhi ubheke ensimbi engatholakali nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezingaphezulu. Indawo ewumphumela ngokuvamile iphansi kokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni, okusho ukuthi mancane amathuba okuthi i-oxidize noma igle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Inqubo yokukhetha iphinde isuse noma yikuphi ukumbozwa kwendawo yangaphambilini, okwenza kube lula ukulungisa insimbi yokwelashwa okulandelayo.

Isusa Ukungcola Nokungcola

Inqubo yokukhetha isusa ukungcola nokungcola endaweni yensimbi, okuhlanganisa nokugqwala, isikali, nezinye izinhlanganisela. Utshwala obuqoqwayo obusetshenziswa kule nqubo ngokuvamile buqukethe i-hydrochloric noma i-sulfuric acid, esabelana nokungcola ukuze kwakhe ungqimba lwe-oxide olungasuswa kalula. Ungqimba lwe-asidi ne-oxide eyengeziwe bese lugezwa ngamanzi, lushiye indawo ehlanzekile nebushelelezi.

Ivikela Ekugqwaleni

I-Pickling kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile ekukhiqizeni futhi kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuvikela ekugqwaleni. Inqubo yokukhetha isusa noma yikuphi ukungcola okungase kubangele ukugqwala, okwenza insimbi iqine futhi ihlale isikhathi eside. Izinkampani eziningi zithanda ukucotshwa njengokwelashwa okungaphezulu kwemikhiqizo yazo yensimbi ngoba kunikeza isivikelo esiqinile ekugqwaleni.

Okunye Ukwelashwa Kwendawo Eqhumayo

I-Pickling ingenye yezindlela zokwelapha ezilumayo ezingalimaza insimbi. Inqubo yokukhetha ayibizi futhi ayidingi ukuthintana ngokomzimba nensimbi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi indawo ewumphumela ishelela futhi mancane amathuba okuthi idale umonakalo kwezinye izinto ehlangana nazo.

Ingabe I-Pickling Isusa Ngempela Ukugqwala Ezindaweni Zensimbi?

I-Pickling iyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekulungiseleleni izindawo zensimbi ukuze kuqhutshekwe nomsebenzi. Kuyasiza ukususa noma yikuphi ukugqwala noma izikali okungenzeka zakhiwe phezulu, kwakheka indawo ehlanzekile nengaguquguquki efanele ukuqhutshekwa nokucutshungulwa. Ngokuya ohlotsheni lwensimbi nobukhulu bezingqimba ze-oxide, ukukhetha kungenziwa kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezixazululo ze-asidi, njenge-hydrochloric acid noma i-phosphoric acid.

Ukubaluleka Kokukhetha Okufanelekile

Nakuba i-pickle ingaba yindlela ephumelelayo yokususa ukugqwala ezindaweni zensimbi, kubalulekile ukwenza inqubo ngendlela efanele ukuze ugweme noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi. Uma isisombululo se-pickling sinamandla kakhulu noma sisetshenziswa isikhathi eside kakhulu, singancibilikisa hhayi ukugqwala kuphela kodwa futhi nensimbi engaphansi, okuholela kumkhiqizo omncane futhi obuthakathaka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma isisombululo se-pickling sibuthakathaka kakhulu noma singasetshenziswa isikhathi eside ngokwanele, singase singasusi konke ukugqwala, okuholela endaweni engafaneleki ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi.

Umphumela Wokuphela: Indawo Yensimbi Ehlanzekile Nengaguquguquki

Lapho i-pickling yenziwa ngendlela efanele, ingasiza ekudaleni indawo yensimbi ehlanzekile nengaguquguquki efanele umsebenzi owengeziwe. Indawo ewumphumela ayinawo ukugqwala nezikali, futhi inomphetho ocolisekile, opholishiwe osekela umsebenzi wekhwalithi ephezulu. Lo mphumela uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi indawo efakwe emanzini anosawoti, futhi usetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yensimbi.

Imikhawulo kanye Nomthelela Wendawo Wendawo Yensimbi Ye-Pickling

I-Pickling inqubo edinga ukusetshenziswa kwe-asidi, ngokuvamile i-hydrochloric noma i-sulfuric, ukususa ukungcola ezindaweni zensimbi. Nakuba iphumelela ekususeni amabala, ukugqwala, kanye nesikali, iphinde ibe indlela engcolile futhi edlayo engabangela ukulimala kwezinye izingxube zensimbi. Isixazululo esine-asidi sibhekana nezakhiwo zensimbi zensimbi, okubangela ukugqama kwe-hydrogen nezinye izinkinga ezingathinta ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina.

Ubunzima Bokubamba Nokulawula Izinqubo Zokukha

I-Pickling yinqubo edinga izinga eliphezulu lokulawula ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi iphrofayili oyifunayo iyafezeka. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukulawula ukugcwala kwesisombululo se-asidi, amazinga okushisa lapho inqubo yenziwa khona, nobude besikhathi lapho izingxenye zensimbi zigcinwa khona kukhukhamba. Udoti owumphumela, ohlanganisa uphuzo oludakayo, udaka, nosawoti oneasidi, uhlukaniswa njengoyingozi futhi kufanele ulahlwe endaweni yokulahla imfucumfucu noma ulashwe ngenqubo yokunciphisa amandla.

Imikhawulo Esebenzayo Ye-Pickling

I-Pickling ayisebenzi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zama-alloys ensimbi. Igqwala kakhulu kwezinye izinsimbi, okuhlanganisa i-aluminium nethusi, futhi ingabangela ukulimala kwezakhiwo zazo. Ukwengeza, ukukhethwa kungabangela izinkinga zokuphinda kusebenze kwamanye ama-alloys, okuholela ekugqileni kwe-hydrogen nezinye izinkinga ezingathinta ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina. Imikhawulo yokukhetha ikwenza kube indlela engathandeki kakhulu yokuhlanza izindawo zensimbi, futhi ezinye izindlela ziyathuthukiswa ukuze zinikeze isiphetho esibushelelezi nesihlanzekile.

I-Chemistry Engemuva Kwesixazululo Sokuqoqa

I-asidi esesixazululweni se-pickling isabela ne-metal surface, incibilikisa ukungcola futhi idale indawo ebushelelezi, ehlanzekile. I-asidi iphinde isuse ungqimba oluncane lwensimbi phezulu, olusiza ukudala ukujiya okungaguquki kulo lonke ucezu. Inani lensimbi ekhishiwe lincike ohlotsheni lwe-asidi esetshenzisiwe, ukushuba kwensimbi, kanye nobude besikhathi insimbi icoliswa ngayo.

Ukubaluleka Kokuqukethwe Kwe-Acid

Okuqukethwe kwe-asidi yesisombululo se-pickling kubalulekile ngoba kunquma ukuthi isixazululo sinamandla kangakanani nokuthi sizokuhlakaza ngokushesha kangakanani ukungcola. Okuqukethwe kwe-asidi eqinile kuzoncibilikisa ukungcola ngokushesha okukhulu, kodwa futhi kungalimaza insimbi uma iyekwa esixazululo isikhathi eside kakhulu. Okuqukethwe kwe-asidi ebuthakathaka kuzothatha isikhathi eside ukuncibilikisa ukungcola, kodwa mancane amathuba okuthi kudaleke umonakalo ensimbi.

Ezinye Izindlela Zokukha

Nakuba ukucosha kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile wokulungisa izindawo zensimbi ukuze zikhiqize, ziningi ezinye izindlela izinkampani ezingakhetha kuzo kuye ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nezingxenye ezisetshenziswayo. Lezi zindlela zihlanganisa ukupholisha, ukugaya, nokwandisa ukushuba kwensimbi ukuze kwakheke indawo engaguquki. Kodwa-ke, i-pickle isalokhu iyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yemiphumela yayo emihle kakhulu nemiphumela engaguquki.

Ukugcinwa Nokuphatha Isixazululo Sokuxukuza

Isixazululo se-picling kufanele sigcinwe endaweni epholile, eyomile futhi isingathwe ngokucophelela ngenxa yesimo saso sokugqwala kakhulu. Kufanele igcinwe ezitsheni ezincane ukuvimbela ukungcola futhi kufanele igcinwe kude nezinto ezibucayi. Isixazululo kufanele futhi silungiswe futhi sisetshenziswe endaweni enomoya omuhle ukuvimbela ukuhogela kwentuthu.

Ukuhlola Ezinye Izindlela Zokukhetha Ukuhlanza Nokuthuthukisa Izakhiwo Zensimbi

Nakuba i-pickling iyindlela esetshenziswa kabanzi yokuhlanza nokuthuthukisa ubuso bezingxenye zensimbi, akuyona ukuphela kwendlela etholakalayo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwavela ezinye izindlela ezihlukile ezinikeza uhla lwezinzuzo uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhetha okungokwesiko. Kulesi sigaba, sizohlola ezinye zezindlela ezidume kakhulu zokukhetha, ukusetshenziswa kwazo, izinzuzo, kanye nokubi.

Ukuhlanza amanzi

I-Hydrocleaning iyindlela yomshini yokukhipha uwoyela, ukugqwala, nokunye ukungcola endaweni yensimbi. Ithembele kumajethi amanzi anomfutho ophezulu ukuze aqhumise ukungcola, ashiye indawo ebushelelezi nehlanzekile ngemuva. I-Hydrocleaning ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengendlela eco-friendly esikhundleni sokukhetha, ngoba ayincikile ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali ukuhlanza impahla. Ezinye zezinzuzo ezibalulekile ze-hydrocleaning zifaka:

• Asikho isidingo se-asidi noma amanye amakhemikhali
• Ingasetshenziswa ezintweni ezihlukahlukene kanye nama-alloys
• Ishiya ungqimba olunembe nge-microscope ngaphezulu, ithuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala
• Ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlanza nokuthuthukisa ama-alloys akhethekile okunzima ukuwakha

Nokho, i-hydrocleaning ingase ingabi inketho engcono kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza. Kungaba eqolo uma kuqhathaniswa nokucosha, futhi kungase kungasebenzi kahle ekususeni izinhlobo ezithile zokungcola.

Ukuhlanza i-Laser

Ukuhlanza i-laser kuyindlela entsha uma kuqhathaniswa yokuhlanza izindawo zensimbi esebenzisa i-laser enamandla amakhulu ukususa ukugqwala, uwoyela nokunye ukungcola. I-laser iyakwazi ukukhomba ngokuqondile izindawo ezingcolile, ishiya indawo ebushelelezi nehlanzekile ngemuva. Ukuhlanza i-laser ngokuvamile kuthathwa njengendlela enembe futhi ephumelelayo kunokucosha, njengoba kungasetshenziswa ukususa ukungcola ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo. Ezinye zezinzuzo ezibalulekile zokuhlanza i-laser zifaka:

• Asikho isidingo samakhemikhali noma ukuhlanza ngomshini
• Ingasetshenziswa ezintweni ezihlukahlukene kanye nama-alloys
• Ishiya ungqimba olunembe nge-microscope ngaphezulu, ithuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala
• Ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlanza nokuthuthukisa ama-alloys akhethekile okunzima ukuwakha

Kodwa-ke, ukuhlanza nge-laser kungase kubize uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhetha, futhi kungase kungabi inketho engcono kakhulu yezingxenye ezinkulu noma ukukhiqizwa kwevolumu ephezulu.

I-Electropolishing

I-Electropolishing iyindlela yamakhemikhali yokuthuthukisa isiphetho sezingxenye zensimbi. Incike ekuphenduleni kwe-electrochemical ukuze isuse ungqimba oluncane lwento engaphezulu, ishiye isiphetho esibushelelezi nesicwebezelayo ngemuva. I-Electropolishing ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengendlela enembe kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo kunokucokha, njengoba ingasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa isiphetho esingaphezulu sezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ezinye zezinzuzo ezibalulekile ze-electropolishing zifaka:

• Asikho isidingo sokuhlanza ngomshini
• Ingasetshenziswa ezintweni ezihlukahlukene kanye nama-alloys
• Ishiya ungqimba olunembe nge-microscope ngaphezulu, ithuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala
• Ingasetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa isiphetho esingaphezulu sama-alloys akhethekile okunzima ukuwakhetha

Kodwa-ke, i-electropolishing ingabiza kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nokukhetha, futhi kungase kungabi yindlela engcono kakhulu yezingxenye ezinkulu noma ukukhiqizwa kwevolumu ephezulu.

Izindlela Zokumboza Nezivimbelo

Izindlela zokumboza nezindlela zokuvimbela zihlanganisa ukusebenzisa ifilimu yokuzivikela noma ukunamathela ebusweni bensimbi ukuvimbela ukugqwala nezinye izinhlobo zokugqwala. Lezi zindlela ngokuvamile zibhekwa njengokungasebenzi kahle kunokukhethwa noma ezinye izindlela zokuhlanza, njengoba zingasusi ukungcola ebusweni. Kodwa-ke, zingaba usizo ezinhlelweni ezithile lapho umgomo uwukunikeza isendlalelo esivikelayo kunokuhlanza indawo. Ezinye zezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokumboza nezithiyo zihlanganisa:

• Ukufaka amafutha noma amafutha okugcoba phezulu
• Ukusebenzisa ikhemikhali enamathelayo esabela phezulu ukuze inikeze isendlalelo esivikelayo
• Ukufaka umgoqo womzimba, njengefilimu yepulasitiki, phezulu

Nakuba izindlela zokumboza nezivimbelo ngokuvamile zingasebenzi kahle kunokukhethwa noma ezinye izindlela zokuhlanza, zingaba usizo ezinhlelweni ezithile lapho umgomo uwukunikeza isendlalelo esivikelayo kunokuhlanza indawo.

I-Pickling vs Passivation: Uyini Umehluko?

I-Pickling iyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu yokwelapha insimbi nezinye izinsimbi ukususa isikali, ukugqwala, nokunye ukungcola phezulu. Inqubo ihilela ukusebenzisa isisombululo se-asidi ensimbi, encibilikisa ungqimba lwe-oxide nokunye ukungcola okukhona phezulu. Ngokungafani ne-passivation, i-pickling idala ushintsho olukhulu ensimbi, okuthinta kakhulu ukwakheka nokubukeka kwayo.

Nawa amanye amaphuzu abalulekile okufanele uwaqaphele mayelana nokuqoshwa:

• Inqubo yokukhetha isetshenziselwa ukuhlanza nokulungisa izindawo zensimbi ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokwelashwa noma ukuqeda.
• I-asidi esetshenziswa ekukhetheni ingahluka kuye ngohlobo lwensimbi nomphumela oyifunayo, kodwa ngokuvamile iyisixazululo esiqinile se-hydrochloric noma i-sulfuric acid.
• Ukucosha kungenziwa kusetshenziswa inqubo eshisayo noma ebandayo, kuya ngempahla kanye nezinga lokugqwala elikhona.
• Ubude besikhathi insimbi esele esixazululweni sokukha buyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lwensimbi kanye nezinga lokugqwala elikhona.
• I-Pickling ingaphazamisa umbala nokubukeka kwezingxenye ezithile, njenge-chrome, futhi kungathinta nokusebenza kwezingxenye ezithile uma kungenziwanga kahle.
• Ukukha amakha akuyona inqubo elula futhi kudinga izinyathelo ezifanele zokuphepha okufanele zilandelwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwabantu abathatha imithi.

I-Passivation: Indlela Elula Neyemvelo

I-passivation, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyindlela ethuthuke kakhulu eyaziwa kabanzi njengengenalo ulaka kunokuqoqwa. Isebenzisa i-nitric acid noma i-citric acid ukuze idale ungqimba oluncane lwe-oxide ebusweni bensimbi, oluyivikela ekuqhubekeni nokugqwala. Ngokungafani ne-pickling, i-passivation ngokuvamile ayihambi ngaphansi kobuso bensimbi futhi ayishintshi izakhiwo zensimbi.

Nawa amanye amaphuzu abalulekile okufanele uwaqaphele mayelana ne-passivation:

• I-passivation isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuvikela insimbi engagqwali nezinye izinsimbi ekugqwaleni nakwezinye izinhlobo zomonakalo.
• Inqubo ihlanganisa ukuhlanza indawo yensimbi ukuze kukhishwe noma yikuphi ukungcola, okulandelwa ukusetshenziswa kwesisombululo se-asidi ukuze kwakhiwe ungqimba lwe-oxide ye-passive.
• I-passivation yinqubo engokwemvelo eyenzeka lapho izinsimbi ezithile zivezwa emoyeni noma emanzini, kodwa futhi ingafinyelelwa ngokwelashwa okufanele.
• I-Passivation iyindlela eyaziwa kabanzi yokuvikela izinto ezingaphezulu kwensimbi futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ku-aerospace, izimboni zezokwelapha, nezokudla.
• Uhlobo lwe-asidi olusetshenziswa ku-passivation luyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwensimbi nomphumela oyifunayo, kodwa ngokuvamile iyisisombululo esibuthakathaka se-nitric noma i-citric acid.

Umehluko Oyinhloko Phakathi Kwe-Pickling kanye Ne-passivation

Nansi eminye yomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-pickling kanye ne-passivation:

• I-Pickling iyindlela enamandla kakhulu yokwelapha izindawo zensimbi, kuyilapho i-passivation iyindlela engokwemvelo futhi emnene.
• I-Pickling idala ushintsho olukhulu ensimbi, okuthinta kakhulu ukwakheka nokubukeka kwayo, kuyilapho i-passivation ingashintshi izakhiwo zensimbi.
• I-Pickling isetshenziselwa ukuhlanza nokulungisa izindawo zensimbi ukuze ziqhubeke nokwelashwa noma ukuqeda, kuyilapho i-passivation isetshenziselwa ukuvikela izindawo zensimbi ekugqwaleni nakwezinye izinhlobo zokulimala.
• I-asidi esetshenziswa ekukhetheni imvamisa iyisisombululo esiqinile se-hydrochloric noma i-sulfuric acid, kuyilapho i-asidi esetshenziswa ekunciphiseni ngokuvamile iyisisombululo esibuthakathaka se-nitric noma i-citric acid.
• I-Pickling ingathinta umbala nokubukeka kwezingxenye ezithile, njenge-chrome, kanti i-passivation ayithinti kakhulu ukubukeka kwensimbi.
• Ukukha amakha kudinga izinyathelo ezifanele zokuphepha okufanele zilandelwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwabantu abathatha umuthi, kuyilapho ukwehlisa kuyinqubo elula nephephile iyonke.

Isiphetho

Ngakho-ke, i-pickling inqubo yokwelapha ngaphezulu esetshenziselwa ukususa ukungcola ebusweni bensimbi. Kuwumkhuba ovamile ekukhiqizeni kwesimanje futhi kuhilela ukusebenzisa isisombululo esine-asidi ukususa ukungcola okungaphezulu. Ungakwazi ukucwilisa noma iyiphi insimbi, kodwa kungcono ukucwilisa insimbi, ngoba iyinsimbi evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni. Ngakho-ke, manje usuyazi ukuthi ungayigcoba kanjani indawo yensimbi, ngakho-ke qhubeka ugoqe!

Ngingu-Joost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Tools Doctor, umakethi wokuqukethwe, kanye nobaba. Ngiyakuthanda ukuzama okokusebenza okusha, futhi kanye nethimba lami ngidale izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2016 ukuze ngisize abafundi abathembekile ngamathuluzi namathiphu okwenza.