Imisebe ye-Ultraviolet, eyaziwa nangokuthi imisebe ye-UV, iwuhlobo lwemisebe ye-ionizing enobude obufushane kunokukhanya okubonakalayo. Itholakala elangeni futhi ibangela ukushuka kwesikhumba.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zemisebe ye-UV: UV-A, UV-B, kanye ne-UV-C. Imisebe ye-UV-C imunca kakhulu ungqimba lwe-ozone, isishiya nemisebe ye-UV-A ne-UV-B.
Manje, ake sihlolisise uhlobo ngalunye lwemisebe ye-UV.
Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizomboza:
Imisebe ye-UV: Amandla Angabonakali Angabangela Umonakalo
Imisebe ye-UV iwuhlobo lwemisebe kagesi engabonakali ngeso lomuntu. Iwuhlobo lwamandla akhishwa ilanga nemithombo yokwenziwa, njengemibhede yokushuka. Imisebe ye-UV ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezintathu ezihlukene ngokusekelwe kubude bayo begagasi: i-UVA, i-UVB, ne-UVC.
I-UV Radiation ibathinta kanjani abantu?
Imisebe ye-UV ingabangela ukulimala esikhumbeni nasemehlweni abantu. Lapho abantu bechayeka emisebeni ye-UV, ingangena esikhunjeni futhi ibangele umonakalo ku-DNA emangqamuzaneni esikhumba. Lo monakalo ungaholela ekubeni nomdlavuza wesikhumba nokuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukwengeza, imisebe ye-UV ingabangela ukulimala kwamehlo, okuholela ku-cataract nezinye izinkinga zamehlo.
Iqhaza Lemisebe ye-UV ekudalweni kwe-Vitamin D
Imisebe ye-UV idlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhekeni kwe-Vitamin D emzimbeni womuntu. Lapho isikhumba sichayeke emisebeni ye-UVB, iqala uchungechunge lokusabela kwamakhemikhali okuholela ekwakhekeni kukaVithamini D. I-Vitamin D ibalulekile emathanjeni anempilo futhi ingasiza ekuqiniseni amasosha omzimba.
Imithombo Yokwenziwa Yemisebe ye-UV
Imithombo yokwenziwa yemisebe ye-UV ihlanganisa imibhede yokushuka, imishini yokushisela, namalambu e-UV asesibhedlela. Le mithombo ikhipha imisebe ye-UV engadala umonakalo esikhumbeni nasemehlweni abantu. Kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukuchayeka kule mithombo ukunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga zempilo.
Ukubaluleka Kokuvikela Emisebeni ye-UV
Ukuvikela emisebeni ye-UV, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Gqoka izingubo zokuzivikela, njengamahembe anemikhono emide nezigqoko, uma ungaphandle.
- Sebenzisa i-sunscreen enezinga eliphezulu le-SPF.
- Gwema imibhede yokushuka kanye neminye imithombo yokwenziwa yemisebe ye-UV.
- Hlala emthunzini phakathi namahora aphezulu e-UV (10 am kuya ku-4pm).
Imisebe ye-UV iwuhlobo lwamandla oluvamile olungadala umonakalo esikhumbeni nasemehlweni womuntu. Ngokuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zemisebe ye-UV nokuthatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela kuyo, abantu ngabanye banganciphisa ingozi yezinkinga zempilo ezihlobene nokuchayeka emisebeni ye-UV.
Yazi Izinhlobo Ezihlukene Zemisebe ye-UV
Imisebe ye-UV iwuhlobo lwemisebe kagesi kagesi ephuma elangeni futhi isakazwa ngamagagasi noma izinhlayiya. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zemisebe ye-UV, ngokusekelwe kubude bamaza bayo:
- I-Ultraviolet A (UVA): Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwemisebe ye-UV efika emhlabeni. Imisebe ye-UVA inobude beza obude kakhulu namandla aphansi ezinhlotsheni ezintathu. Angakwazi ukungena oqwembeni olungaphandle lwesikhumba futhi abangele ukulimala koqweqwe oluphakathi, okuholela ekugugeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza wesikhumba.
- I-Ultraviolet B (UVB): Lolu hlobo lwemisebe ye-UV lunobude obufushane begagasi namandla aphezulu kunemisebe ye-UVA. Imisebe ye-UVB ibangela ukushiswa yilanga, ukulimala kwesikhumba, kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza wesikhumba. Futhi ziyimbangela eyinhloko yokushuka.
- I-Ultraviolet C (UVC): Lona ubude beza beza obufushane namandla aphakeme kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezintathu zemisebe ye-UV. Imisebe ye-UVC ngokuvamile imuncwa ungqimba lwe-ozone yomhlaba futhi ayifinyeleli emhlabeni. Nokho, zingatholakala kweminye imithombo eyenziwe umuntu, njengezinhlobo ezithile zezibani ezisetshenziswa ezimisweni zesayensi nezokwelapha.
Imithelela Yemisebe ye-UV Emzimbeni
Ukuchayeka emisebeni ye-UV kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu emzimbeni, okuhlanganisa:
- Ukushiswa yilanga: Imisebe ye-UVB iyimbangela eyinhloko yokushiswa yilanga, engabangela ubuhlungu, ububomvu, namabhamuza.
- Ukulimala kwesikhumba: Yomibili imisebe ye-UVA ne-UVB ingabangela ukulimala esikhumbeni, okuholela ekugugeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi, imibimbi, kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza wesikhumba.
- Ukulimala kwamehlo: Imisebe ye-UV ingalimaza namehlo, ibangele ulwelwesi lwamehlo, ukulahlekelwa ukubona unomphela, nokunye ukulimala kwamehlo.
Iqhaza Le-Wavelength Nesendlalelo Se-Ozone Emisebeni Ye-UV
Ubude bemisebe ye-UV bunquma ukuthi ingangena ijule kangakanani esikhunjeni nakwezinye izinto. Imisebe ye-UVA inobude beza obude kakhulu futhi ingangena esikhunjeni ijule kunemisebe ye-UVB, enobude obufushane begagasi. Imisebe ye-UVC inobude obufushane kunawo wonke futhi ivame ukumuncwa ungqimba lwe-ozone lomhlaba.
Ungqimba lwe-ozone luwungqimba oluyisivikelo olusemkhathini womhlaba olumunca ingxenye enkulu yemisebe yelanga eyingozi ye-UV. Nokho, izinto ezithile ezenziwa abantu, njengokusebenzisa amakhemikhali athile, zingalimaza ungqimba lwe-ozone futhi zandise umthamo wemisebe ye-UV efinyelela emhlabeni.
Ungazivikela Kanjani Emisebeni ye-UV
Ukuze ugweme imiphumela eyingozi yemisebe ye-UV, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela, njengalezi:
- Ukugqoka izingubo zokuzivikela, njengamahembe anemikhono emide nezigqoko, lapho ungaphandle.
- Ukusebenzisa i-sunscreen enezinga eliphezulu le-SPF nokuphinda uyisebenzise njalo.
- Ukugwema ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile phakathi namahora aphakeme kakhulu, ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-10 ekuseni no-4 ntambama
- Ukuhlola inkomba ye-UV ngaphambi kokuphumela ngaphandle nokuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele zokuphepha.
- Ukuxazulula ukugwema imibhede yokushuka, okungandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesikhumba.
Ngokuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zemisebe ye-UV futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuzivikela, unganciphisa ingozi yokulimala futhi ujabulele ilanga ngokuphepha.
I-UV Index: Ungakala Kanjani Ingozi Engaba Khona Yemisebe ye-UV
I-UV Index (UVI) yisikali sesayensi esikala izinga lemisebe ye-UV ekhona endaweni ethile. Lesi sikali sisukela ku-0 kuye ku-11+, kanti i-11+ iyizinga eliphakeme kakhulu lemisebe ye-UV. I-UVI iyisilinganiso somonakalo ongaba khona ongase ubangele imisebe ye-UV esikhumbeni nasemehlweni abantu, futhi isikhathi esincane esisithathayo ukuze kube nomonakalo.
Imisebe ye-UV iwuhlobo lwamandla kazibuthe kagesi asakazwa esuka elangeni. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zemisebe ye-UV: i-UVA, i-UVB, ne-UVC. I-UVC ivamise ukumuncwa ungqimba lwe-ozone futhi ayifinyeleli phansi, kuyilapho i-UVA ne-UVB ingabangela umonakalo esikhumbeni nasemehlweni. I-UV Index iyisilinganiso senani lemisebe ye-UVA ne-UVB ekhona endaweni ethile.
I-UV Index ibathinta kanjani abantu?
I-UV Index ingathinta abantu ngezindlela eziningi. Uma i-UVI iphansi, abantu bangase bangatholi imiphumela esobala evela emisebeni ye-UV. Kodwa-ke, uma i-UVI iphezulu, abantu bangase babe nezinhlobonhlobo zezimpawu, ezihlanganisa ukushiswa yilanga, ukuguga kwesikhumba, kanye nokwanda kwengozi yomdlavuza wesikhumba. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, abantu bangase babhekane nakho ukushisa ukukhathala noma ukushaywa ukushisa.
Yiziphi ezinye zezindlela ezivamile abantu abangazivikela ngazo emisebeni ye-UV?
Kunezindlela eziningi abantu abangazivikela ngazo emisebeni ye-UV, okuhlanganisa:
- Ukugqoka izingubo zokuzivikela, njengamahembe anemikhono emide namabhulukwe, izigqoko, nezibuko zelanga
- Ukusebenzisa i-sunscreen ene-SPF ephezulu
- Ukugwema ukukhanya kwelanga phakathi nezingxenye ezishisa kakhulu zosuku
- Ukuhlala emthunzini ngangokunokwenzeka
- Ukuphuza amanzi amaningi ukuze uhlale uhlanzekile
Iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu yokufunda i-UV Index?
Inkomba ye-UV ngokuvamile yethulwa njengenombolo, enezinombolo eziphakeme ezibonisa amandla amakhulu okulimaza. Isibonelo, i-UVI engu-8 noma ngaphezulu ibhekwa njengephezulu kakhulu futhi idinga izinyathelo zokuphepha ezengeziwe. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi Inkomba ye-UV ingahluka kuye ngezinto ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa isikhathi sosuku, isizini, kanye nenani lekhava yamafu.
Imisebe ye-UV kanye Nomphumela Wayo Olimazayo Kupende
Imisebe ye-UV ingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezingaholela emthelela olimazayo kupende. Ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kubangela ukuba ama-molecule akunhlaka kapende ahlukane, okubangela ukuba upende uphuke futhi uqhephuke. Umthelela olimazayo wemisebe ye-UV kupende uwumphumela wezinguquko ezilandelayo:
- Imisebe ye-UV ibangela ukuba ama-molecule e-resin akupende ashintshe ukuma futhi acindezele noma ande.
- Lezi zinguquko ziholela ekudalweni kwezingxenye ezintsha kupende, ezingabangela upende ukuba luguge futhi lube lula ukugqwala nokuqhekeka.
- Izinga lokushisa liphinde libe neqhaza elikhulu emthelela olimazayo wemisebe ye-UV kupende. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu angaholela ekwandeni kopende, kuyilapho amazinga okushisa aphansi angabangela ukuba unqamule. Lezi zinguquko zingaholela ekwakhekeni kwemifantu kupende, okungase kulimaze nakakhulu.
Ukubhekana Nomphumela Olimazayo Wemisebe ye-UV kupende
Ukubhekana nomthelela olimazayo wemisebe ye-UV kupende, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Sebenzisa upende wekhwalithi ephezulu noma ukuvanisha oklanywe ngokukhethekile ukumelana nemisebe ye-UV.
- Gcoba isivikelo phezu kukapende ukuze uvimbele ukulimaza kwemisebe ye-UV.
- Gcina upende endaweni epholile, eyomile ukuze uvimbele umphumela olimazayo wokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa.
- Hlola njalo upende ukuze uthole noma yiziphi izimpawu zokulimala noma ukuguga, futhi ubhekane nazo ngokushesha ukuze uvimbele ukulimala okwengeziwe.
Umthelela Womuntu Ekulondolozeni Upende
Ukulondolozwa kopende akuxhomekile kuphela ngekhwalithi kapende kanye nemvelo lapho kugcinwa khona. Isici somuntu siphinde sibe nendima ebalulekile ekulondolozeni upende. Nawa amanye amathiphu okugcina upende:
- Gwema ukuthinta upende ngezandla ezingenalutho, njengoba amafutha esikhumbeni sakho angalimaza upende.
- Sebenzisa ibhulashi eline-bristled elithambile noma indwangu ye-microfiber ukuze uhlanze upende.
- Gwema ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali anokhahlo noma izinto ezihuquzelayo ukuze uhlanze upende, ngoba zingadala omunye umonakalo.
- Hlola njalo upende ukuze uthole noma yiziphi izimpawu zokulimala noma ukuguga, futhi ubhekane nazo ngokushesha ukuze uvimbele ukulimala okwengeziwe.
Isiphetho
Ngakho-ke, imisebe ye-UV iwuhlobo lwemisebe ye-electromagnetic ekhishwa yilanga nemithombo yokwenziwa. Kungabangela umonakalo esikhumbeni sakho, emehlweni, ngisho nasemathanjeni akho. Kodwa, kunezindlela zokuzivikela emisebeni ye-UV, futhi manje uyazi ukuthi ziyini. Ngakho-ke, ungesabi ukujabulela ilanga, vele ukwenze ngokuzibophezela.
Ngingu-Joost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Tools Doctor, umakethi wokuqukethwe, kanye nobaba. Ngiyakuthanda ukuzama okokusebenza okusha, futhi kanye nethimba lami ngidale izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2016 ukuze ngisize abafundi abathembekile ngamathuluzi namathiphu okwenza.
