I-varnish iwuketshezi noma unamathisele owenziwe nge-resin kanye ne-solvent egcotshwa phezulu futhi yomiswe ukwenza ifilimu eqinile. Isetshenziselwa ukuvikela kanye nokuhlobisa ukhuni, insimbi, nezinye izinto eziningi.
Kulo mhlahlandlela, ngizochaza ukuthi iyini i-varnish, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, nokuthi isetshenziselwa ini.
Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizomboza:
Okufanele Ukwazi Nge-Varnish
I-Varnish icacile, icacile noma i-tinted enamathela esetshenziswa ezindaweni zokhuni ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubukeka kwazo futhi inikeze isivikelo emonakalweni obangelwa ukuguga, imisebe ye-UV, nezinye izici zemvelo. Kuyithuluzi elibalulekile lanoma ubani osebenza kuphrojekthi yokhuni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ifenisha, izingcezu zobuciko, noma izindawo zokhuni ezibhekene nokuguga okuvamile.
Ukubaluleka Kokukhetha Uhlobo Olufanele Lwevarnish
Ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele lwe-varnish yephrojekthi yakho kungaba yisinqumo esididayo. Njengoba kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene nezinguqulo ezitholakalayo, kubalulekile ukwazi umehluko phakathi kwazo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi uthola elungele izidingo zakho. Ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-varnish zifaka ivanishi yemvelo, yokwenziwa, ne-resin, ngayinye enezingxenye zayo ezihlukile kanye nezinga lokuqina.
Ukusebenzisa i-Varnish kahle
Ukusebenzisa i-varnish kuhilela okungaphezu nje kokuyixubha phezulu. Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi i-varnish ibeka kahle futhi inikeza ukuvikeleka okudingekayo, kubalulekile ukulandela inqubo efanele. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukusula indawo engaphezulu, ukukhetha ibhulashi elifanele, nokusebenzisa izendlalelo eziningi zevarnish.
I-Versatility ye-Varnish
Esinye sezizathu ezenza i-varnish idume kakhulu ukuguquguquka kwayo. Ingasetshenziselwa ukwakha izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo nemibala, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwe-varnish kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswayo. Ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa ukubukeka kwezindawo zokhuni, i-varnish ingasetshenziswa futhi njengejazi eliphezulu lemidwebo nezinye izingcezu zobuciko, ukwengeza ukujula nokunotha emibala.
Izinzuzo ze-Varnish ngaphezu kwe-Polyurethane
Nakuba i-polyurethane ingenye indwangu ethandwayo yezindawo zokhuni, i-varnish inezinzuzo ezithile eziyingqayizivele eziyibeka eceleni. Isibonelo, i-varnish ivame ukuba nzima futhi ivikele kakhulu kune-polyurethane, futhi ingafakwa umbala ukuze ingeze umbala phezulu. Ukwengeza, i-varnish itholakala ngezilimi ezahlukene, okwenza kube lula ukuthola inguqulo efanele yezidingo zakho.
Ukuqinisekisa Ukuvikelwa Okufanelekile nge-Varnish
Ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa ukubukeka kwezindawo zokhuni, ukuvenisha kuyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka okufanele ekulimaleni okubangelwa ukuguga, imisebe ye-UV, nezinye izici zemvelo. Ngokukhetha uhlobo olufanele lwe-varnish nokuyisebenzisa kahle, ungaqinisekisa ukuthi izindawo zakho zokhuni zihlala zisesimweni esihle isikhathi eside.
Umlando Onemibala Yevarnish
I-Varnishing iyindlela yasendulo eyaqala eGibhithe lasendulo. Ama-varnish asekuqaleni athuthukiswa ngokuxuba i-resin, njenge-pine pitch, ne-solvent nokuyigcoba ngebhulashi ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela oyifunayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-varnish kwasakazeka phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, abadwebi nabadwebi beyisebenzisa ukuze bavikele futhi bathuthukise umsebenzi wabo.
I-Medieval Era naNgaphesheya
Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-14, uCennino Cennini, umdwebi wase-Italy, wabhala umbhalo wesandla owawuhlanganisa ngokuphelele isihloko sokuvanisha. Wachaza izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuvanisha, okuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa inhlaka yesihlahla, i-glair, ngisho nesweli noju njengezithasiselo. Kodwa-ke, uphinde wakugxeka ukusetshenziswa kwe-varnish, waxwayisa ngokuthi ingase ibephuzi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
I-Renaissance kanye Nenkathi Yasekuqaleni Yesimanje
Ngekhulu le-17, udokotela waseSwitzerland kanye nesazi samakhemikhali e-alchemist u-Theodor de Mayerne washicilela incwadi ngobuciko bokudweba, eyayihlanganisa izindlela zokupheka zama-varnish. Watusa ukusebenzisa isikhuphasha seqanda noviniga njengevanisha yemidwebo. Ngekhulu le-18, udokotela waseScotland u-Alexander Carlyle wanikeza iziyalezo zokudweba okuhlehla engilazini kusetshenziswa ukuvenisha.
Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 kanye nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20
Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, abadwebi baseMelika uRichard noJennys Van Vleck banikeza iziyalezo zokusebenzisa ukuvanisha encwadini yabo ethi “The Practice of Painting and Drawing.” Batusa ukusebenzisa i-varnish ukuvikela imidwebo othulini nasekungcoleni. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, uVincent van Gogh wasebenzisa ukuvanisha emidwebeni yakhe ukuze azuze umphumela ocwebezelayo.
I-Varnish namuhla
Namuhla, i-varnish isasetshenziswa abadwebi nezingcweti ukuze bavikele futhi bathuthukise umsebenzi wabo. Ama-varnishes anamuhla enziwe ngama-synthetic resins kanye ne-solvents, futhi afika ezinhlobonhlobo zokuqeda, kusukela ku-matte kuya ekucwebezeni okuphezulu. I-varnish nayo isetshenziselwa ukwenza izinkuni ukuvikela nokuthuthukisa ubuhle bemvelo bezinkuni.
Izinhlobo Eziningi Ze-Varnish: Iyiphi Ekulungele?
Uma kukhulunywa ngokuqedwa kwezinkuni, i-varnish iyisinqumo esithandwayo ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo nokusebenza kanzima. Kodwa bewazi yini ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zokuvanisha ezitholakalayo? Ngamunye uklanyelwe ukufeza umphumela othize noma ukuthuthukisa indawo ethile yokubukeka noma ukuvikelwa kwezinkuni. Kulesi sigaba, sizobhekisisa izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-varnish nezici zazo ezihlukile.
Izici eziyingqayizivele zohlobo ngalunye lwe-varnish
Nazi ezinye izici eziyingqayizivele ezihlobene nohlobo ngalunye lwe-varnish:
- I-varnish esekelwe ku-oyela: Lolu hlobo lwe-varnish lunemisebenzi eminingi futhi lungasetshenziswa ezintweni ezihlukahlukene. Kuhle futhi ekuvikeleni izinkuni emanzini nakwezinye izakhi. Nokho, kungathatha isikhathi eside ukomisa kahle futhi kungase kudinge izigaba zokomisa ezinwetshiwe.
- I-varnish esekelwe emanzini: Lolu hlobo lwe-varnish kulula ukulihlanza futhi aliyingozi kangako emvelweni. Iyoma ngokushesha kunevarnish esekwe ngamafutha futhi mancane amathuba okuthi ibephuzi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ingase ingabi nzima noma iqine njengevarnish esekwe kuwoyela futhi ingase idinge amajazi engeziwe ukuze kuzuzwe izinga elifiswayo lokuvikela.
- I-polyurethane varnish: Lolu hlobo lwe-varnish luguquguquka kakhulu futhi lungasetshenziswa ezintweni ezihlukahlukene. Iqinile, inamandla, futhi imelana nokusabela ezintweni eziningi ezahlukene. Itholakala ngokuqedwa okuhlukene, okuhlanganisa i-matte, i-satin, ne-glossy. Kodwa-ke, kungase kube nzima ukususa uma sekusetshenziswe futhi kungase kungabi kuhle ezinhlotsheni ezithile zokhuni noma zokuqeda.
- I-varnish ye-Spar: Lolu hlobo lwe-varnish luklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle futhi lumelana kakhulu namanzi nezinye izakhi. Kodwa-ke, ingase ingabi nezinto ezihlukahlukene njengezinye izinhlobo zokuvanisha futhi ingase ingafaneleki ukusetshenziswa endlini.
- Ivanisha yensimbi yomculo: Lolu hlobo lwevanisha luzacile kakhulu futhi luphucuzeke kakhulu, luvumela uhlamvu lwemvelo lokhuni ukuthi lubonakale. Iphinde yakhelwe ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwensimbi ngokuvumela izinkuni ukuthi zidlidlize ngokukhululekile. Itholakala ngokuqedwa okuhlukene, okuhlanganisa i-matte necwebezelayo. Kodwa-ke, kungase kungafaneleki kwezinye izinhlobo zokuqeda izinkuni futhi kungase kudinge amandla amancane ukuze kusetshenziswe kahle.
Ukusebenzisa i-Varnish: Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo Umhlahlandlela
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukusebenzisa i-varnish kuphrojekthi yakho yezinkuni, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubuso bulungiswe kahle. Nakhu okudingeka ukwenze:
- Gcoba ingaphezulu nge-sandpaper yegrit ecolekile ukuze ususe noma yiziphi izindawo ezimahhadlahhadla bese udala indawo ebushelelezi. I-Sanding iphinde isize i-varnish ibambelele kangcono okhunini.
- Hlanza ingaphezulu nge-rag kanye ne-mineral spirits ukuze ususe noma yiluphi uthuli noma imfucumfucu. Qinisekisa ukuthi indawo yomile ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokudlulela esinyathelweni esilandelayo.
Ukukhetha i-Varnish efanele
Kunezinhlobonhlobo zama-varnish atholakalayo, ngalinye linezinga lalo lokukhazimula nokuqina. Nazi ezinye izinto okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha i-varnish efanele yephrojekthi yakho:
- Ama-varnish endabuko enziwe ngamafutha emvelo nama-resin, kuyilapho ama-varnish okwenziwa enziwe ngezinto zokwenziwa. Ama-varnish okwenziwa ngokuvamile ahlala isikhathi eside futhi anikeza isivikelo esingcono emisebeni ye-UV.
- Amanye ama-varnish adinga ukucwiliswa ngaphambi kokuba asetshenziswe, kanti amanye angasetshenziswa ngaphandle kwekani. Funda ilebula ngokucophelela ukuze unqume ukuthi i-varnish yakho idinga ukuncishiswa yini.
- Uma ufuna isiphetho esiphezulu, khetha i-varnish yangokwezifiso noma ehlanzekile. Lawa ma-varnish ayabiza kakhulu, kodwa anikeza izinga eliphakeme lokucaca nokujula.
Hlanganisa futhi usebenzise i-Varnish
Manje njengoba usukhethe i-varnish efanele, sekuyisikhathi sokuqala ukuyisebenzisa kuphrojekthi yakho yokhuni. Nansi indlela yokwenza:
- Gcoba i-varnish kahle ngaphambi kokuba uqale. Ukugqugquzela kuqinisekisa ukuthi ingxube ihlanganiswe ngokugcwele futhi kuzoholela ekuqedeni okufanayo.
- Thela i-varnish esitsheni esihlanzekile bese ugoqa i-rag ibe pad. Gcoba i-pad ku-varnish bese uyisula ngobumnene phezu kokhuni, usebenze ngendlela yokusanhlamvu. Qiniseka ukuthi uhlanganisa yonke indawo ngokulinganayo.
- Vumela i-varnish ukuthi yome ngokuvumelana nemiyalelo yomkhiqizi. Lokhu kungathatha noma yikuphi ukusuka emahoreni ambalwa ukuya ebusuku.
- Uma i-varnish yomile, gcoba indawo engaphezulu kancane nge-sandpaper yegrit ecolekile. Lokhu kuzosiza ukushelela noma yimaphi amachashazi amabi futhi kulungiselele ijazi lokugcina.
- Faka ijazi lesibili le-varnish usebenzisa inqubo efanayo nangaphambili. Yivumele ukuthi yome ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokudlulela esinyathelweni esilandelayo.
Ukuthinta kokugcina
Manje njengoba usufake ijazi lokugcina levarnish, sekuyisikhathi sokungeza ukuthinta okokugcina kuphrojekthi yakho yokhuni. Nakhu okudingeka ukwenze:
- Sande indawo engaphezulu ngephepha elicolekileyo legrit ukuze ususe noma yimaphi amachashaza noma amaconsi.
- Hlanza ingaphezulu nge-rag kanye ne-mineral spirits ukuze ususe noma yiluphi uthuli noma imfucumfucu.
- Kuye ngohlobo lwe-varnish oyisebenzisayo, kungase kudingeke ukuthi usebenzise i-wax ekhethekile noma i-polish ebusweni ukuze ukhiphe ukukhanya.
- Vumela ubuso ukuthi bome ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma ukuphatha ucezu lwakho lokhuni.
Khumbula, ukusebenzisa i-varnish kungaba inqubo enzima, kodwa ngamasu afanele nokulungiselela, ungafinyelela isiphetho esiphelele ngaso sonke isikhathi.
I-No Not-So-Good Side ye-Varnish
I-Varnish iyisembozo sendabuko sokuvikela izindawo zokhuni, kodwa akuzona zonke izinhlobo ze-varnish ezilungele yonke iphrojekthi. Nazi ezinye izinhlobo ze-varnish kanye nezinkinga zazo:
- Amavarnish asekelwe kuwoyela: Lawa mavashi ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa izindawo zangaphakathi zokhuni, kodwa avame ukuphuzi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi abe nokuminyana okuphansi, okusho ukuthi amajazi amaningi ayadingeka ukuze kufakwe ukuvikela okuphezulu.
- Ama-varnish okwenziwa: Lawa mavashi kulula ukuwasebenzisa futhi ome ngokushesha kunama-varnish asekelwe kuwoyela, kodwa aqukethe izincibilikisi ezikhiqiza imiphumela emibi emzimbeni nasemvelweni.
- Amavanisha omoya: Lawa mavanisha akhiwe ngengxube ye-resin notshwala futhi alungele izinsimbi zomculo, kodwa awafaneleki ukwenza imisebenzi yangaphandle njengoba encibilika emanzini nasemlilweni.
Abaqalayo Bathola I-Varnish Kunzima Ukuyisebenzisa
I-Varnish iwuhlobo olukhethekile lokugqoka oludinga ukuhlelwa okuthile kanye namasu ukuze kukhiqizwe kahle futhi ngisho nokuqeda. Abaqalayo bazothola ukuthi i-varnish ingaba nzima ukuyisebenzisa ngoba:
- I-varnish yoma kancane kakhulu, okusho ukuthi idinga ukumbozwa okuningi ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela oyifunayo.
- I-varnish incane kunezinye izinsimbi, okusho ukuthi idinga amajazi amaningi ukuze ikhiqize i-coating ephakeme yokuzivikela.
- I-Varnish idinga uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-thiners ukuthuthukisa ukuminyana nokuvumelana kwayo.
Ukuphuzi Nokomisa kuyizinkinga Ezivamile
Enye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu ze-varnish ukuthi ijwayele ukuphuzi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi lapho ibekwe elangeni. Ukwengeza, i-varnish yoma kancane kakhulu, okusho ukuthi idinga isikhathi esengeziwe sokwelapha nokuqina. Lokhu kungaba yinkinga ezindaweni zokhuni ezidinga ukulungiswa njalo noma kuvanishi ngaphambilini.
Enye I-Protective Coatings
Uma i-varnish ingeyona isambatho esikahle sokuvikela iphrojekthi yakho, nazi ezinye izindlela:
- I-Lacquer: Lena i-resinous coating eyoma ngokushesha kune-varnish futhi ikhiqize isiphetho esiqinile nesihlala isikhathi eside. Ivame ukusetshenziselwa imidwebo yokuhlobisa, amapaneli, kanye namaphansi okhuni.
- I-Oleo-resinous coatings: Lena ingxube kawoyela nenhlaka ekhiqiza ukumbozwa kokuvikela izindawo zokhuni. Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ama-trusses ophahleni kanye nezindawo zokhuni ezivezwe emlilweni.
- Izembatho zamaminerali: Lokhu ukugqoka okusekelwe emanzini okukhiqiza isivikelo sokuzivikela ezindaweni zokhuni. Ivame ukusetshenziselwa amaphrojekthi angaphandle kanye nezindawo zokhuni ezivezwe emanzini.
I-Varnish vs Polyurethane: Iyiphi I-Wood Finish Engcono Kakhulu?
Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni isiphetho sezinkuni esihle kakhulu, i-varnish ne-polyurethane yimikhiqizo emibili ethandwa kakhulu. Nakuba zingase zibonakale zifana ekuqaleni, kunomehluko obalulekile okufanele uwakhumbule:
- I-varnish iyisiphetho sendabuko esenziwe ngama-resin, amafutha, nezincibilikisi, kuyilapho i-polyurethane iyinhlaka yepulasitiki.
- I-Varnish inikeza isivikelo esingcono emonakalweni we-UV, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kumaphrojekthi angaphandle.
- I-polyurethane yoma ngokushesha futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa, okwenza kube inketho enhle kumaphrojekthi asheshayo.
Izinzuzo kanye ne-Cons of Varnish
I-varnish isetshenziswe njengokuphela kwezinkuni amakhulu eminyaka, futhi ngesizathu esihle. Nazi ezinye zezinzuzo nezingozi zokusebenzisa i-varnish:
buhle:
- I-varnish idala isiphetho esihle, semvelo esivumela ukuthi okusanhlamvu kwezinkuni kubonakale.
- Inikeza isivikelo esihle kakhulu ngokumelene nezakhi, okuyenza ilungele ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle.
- I-varnish iguquguquka futhi ingasetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezingcezu zokhuni, kusukela kufenisha kuya kumadekhi.
bawo:
- I-varnish ingaba nzima ukuyisebenzisa ngokulinganayo, futhi ukufeza ubukhulu obufunayo kungaba inselele.
- Ukwenza isihlabathi nokupholishwa okuvamile kuyadingeka ukuze ugcine isiphetho sibukeka sisisha.
- I-varnish ingazizwa inamathele noma ilukhuni ekuthinteni, okuyinto abanye abantu abayithola ingajabulisi.
Isiphetho
I-varnish iyisimbozo esisobala esisetshenziswa phezulu ukuze sithuthukise ukubukeka kwayo futhi sivikeleke emonakalweni.
Kuhle ithuluzi labasebenza ngokhuni (okubaluleke kakhulu lapha) namaciko, futhi kukhona ukuvanisha kwawo wonke amaphrojekthi nazo zonke izidingo. Mane ukhumbule ukukhetha uhlobo olulungile futhi ulusebenzise ngendlela efanele ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu.
Ngingu-Joost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Tools Doctor, umakethi wokuqukethwe, kanye nobaba. Ngiyakuthanda ukuzama okokusebenza okusha, futhi kanye nethimba lami ngidale izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2016 ukuze ngisize abafundi abathembekile ngamathuluzi namathiphu okwenza.
