I-Vinyl: Umhlahlandlela Wokugcina Wokusetshenziswa Kwayo, Ukuphepha, kanye Nomphumela Wendawo

I-Vinyl i-a impahla eyenziwe nge-polyvinyl chloride esetshenziswa emikhiqizweni eyahlukene kusukela phansi kuye ekumbozeni odongeni kuya ekugoqweni okuzenzakalelayo. Iwumsebenzi oguquguqukayo osesetshenziswe amashumi eminyaka. Kuyinto yepulasitiki esetshenziswe kukho konke kusukela kumarekhodi kuya kuzintambo zikagesi kuya ekufakweni kwekhebula.

Kukhemistri, i-vinyl noma i-ethenyl yiqembu elisebenzayo −CH=CH2, okuyi-molecule ye-ethylene (H2C=CH2) khipha i-athomu ye-hydrogen eyodwa. Igama liphinde lisetshenziswe kunoma iyiphi inhlanganisela equkethe lelo qembu, okungukuthi R−CH=CH2 lapho u-R eyinoma yiliphi elinye iqembu lama-athomu.

Ngakho, yini i-vinyl? Ake singene emlandweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwalokhu kwaziswa okuhlukahlukene.

Masikhulume I-Vinyl: I-Groovy World ye-Polyvinyl Chloride

I-Vinyl wuhlobo lwepulasitiki olwakhiwe ngokuyinhloko nge-polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Isetshenziswa kakhulu emikhiqizweni eyahlukene kusukela phansi kuya ekusikeni kuya ekumbozeni odongeni. Uma umkhiqizo ubizwa ngokuthi "i-vinyl," ngokuvamile i-shorthand ye-PVC plastic.

Umlando weVinyl

Igama elithi "vinyl" livela egameni lesiLatini elithi "vinum," elisho iwayini. Leli gama laqala ukusetshenziswa ngeminyaka yawo-1890 ukubhekisela ohlotsheni lwepulasitiki eyenziwe ngamafutha angcolile. Ngawo-1920, usokhemisi ogama lakhe lingu-Waldo Semon wathola ukuthi i-PVC ingaguqulwa ibe ipulasitiki elizinzile, elimelana namakhemikhali. Lokhu kutholakala kwaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwemikhiqizo ye-vinyl esiyaziyo namuhla.

Imikhiqizo Eyinhloko Ehlanganiswe I-Vinyl

I-Vinyl iyinto eguquguqukayo engasetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo, kufaka phakathi:

• Iziqu
• Ukuhambisa
• Isembozo sodonga
• Ukugoqa ngokuzenzakalelayo
• Qopha ama-albhamu

Idlala Vinyl Records

Amarekhodi e-vinyl ayifomethi yekhwalithi ephezulu yokudlala umculo. Akhiwe ngepulasitiki ye-PVC futhi acindezelwa kuma-LPs (amarekhodi adlala isikhathi eside) abamba ama-grooves aqukethe ulwazi lomsindo. Amarekhodi e-Vinyl adlalwa ku-33 1/3 noma 45 rpm futhi angabamba izingoma ezihlukene ezikhethwe ngumlaleli.

Inani leVinyl

Amarekhodi e-Vinyl anenani eliphezulu emhlabeni womculo. Avame ukufunwa abaqoqi kanye nabathandi bomculo ngekhwalithi yawo yomsindo nokubaluleka komlando. Amarekhodi e-Vinyl nawo ayifomethi edumile yama-DJs nabakhiqizi bomculo.

Imikhiqizo efanayo neVinyl

I-Vinyl ivame ukusetshenziswa ngokufanayo negama elithi "irekhodi" noma "i-albhamu." Kodwa-ke, akhona amanye amafomethi wokudlala umculo afana ne-vinyl, kufaka phakathi:

• Amakhasethi wamakhasethi
• Ama-CD
• Ukulanda kwedatha

Ukusuka ku-Granulate kuya kuVinyl Ehlukahlukene: Inqubo Yokudala Impahla Elula Nethengekayo

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I-Vinyl wuhlobo lwepulasitiki elenziwe nge-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) granulate. Ukuze kwakhiwe i-vinyl, i-granulate ifudunyezwa emazingeni okushisa acishe abe ngu-160 degrees Celsius ize ingene esimweni se-viscous. Kuleli qophelo, i-vinyl ingabunjwa ibe amaqebelengwane e-vinyl amancane anesisindo esingamagremu angu-160.

Ukubumba iVinyl

Amaqebelengwane e-vinyl abe esefakwa esikhunjini esishiswe sibe ngama-degrees Celsius angu-180, okwenza i-vinyl eqinile igcwale. I-vinyl bese ivunyelwa ukuba iphole futhi iqine esikhunjeni, ithatha ifomu elifunayo.

Ukwengeza Usawoti kanye Nophethiloli

Ukuze bakhiqize izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-vinyl, abakhiqizi bangase bengeze usawoti noma i-petroleum engxube ye-vinyl. Inani likasawoti noma i-petroleum elingeziwe lizoncika ohlotsheni lwe-vinyl edingekayo.

Hlanganisa i-resin ne-powder

Izinqubo ze-Electrolytic zingase futhi zisetshenziselwe ukuhlinzeka nge-resin evikelekile futhi engaguquki ye-vinyl. Le resin ibe isixutshwa nempushana ukuze kwakhiwe ukufana okufunayo kwe-vinyl.

Ukusetshenziswa Okuningi Kwe-Vinyl: Impahla Ehlukahlukene

I-Vinyl iyisinqumo esithandwayo embonini yezokwakha nokwakha ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi kanye nokutholakala okutholakala kabanzi. Isetshenziswa emikhiqizweni eminingi efana ne-siding, amafasitela, ulwelwesi olunophahla olulodwa, uthango, upende, imbobo yodonga, kanye nokufakwa phansi. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthandwa kwayo ukuqina nokuqina kwayo, okwenza kube inketho eqinile futhi ehlala isikhathi eside yezidingo zokwakha. Ukwengeza, i-vinyl idinga ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi nokugcinwa okuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto zendabuko ezifana nezinkuni nensimbi.

Ugesi kanye Nocingo

I-Vinyl iphinde ibe yinto ebalulekile embonini kagesi, lapho ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izintambo kanye nokufakwa kwekhebula ngenxa yezindawo zayo ezinhle kakhulu zikagesi. Itholakala ngezinhlobo namafomu ahlukene, okwenza ifanele izidingo ezihlukahlukene. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-vinyl wire kanye nokufakwa kwekhebula kukhuphuke ngezigidi zamathani unyaka ngamunye, okuyenza ibe enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu zokukhiqiza i-vinyl.

Ishidi kanye nePolymer

Ishidi le-vinyl kanye ne-polymer nakho kuyimikhiqizo ebalulekile embonini ye-vinyl. Ishidi le-Vinyl livame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izindonga zodonga, i-flooring, nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuhlobisa ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo kanye nemvelo elula ukuyisika. I-polymer vinyl, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iwuhlobo olusha lwe-vinyl olukhiqizwa ukuze kuzuzwe izakhiwo ezifiselekayo njengokukhuphuka kokusebenza, impahla yebhayoloji, kanye nokwakheka kwemvelo.

Umculo Nokunethezeka

I-Vinyl nayo ivame ukutholakala embonini yomculo, lapho isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amarekhodi ngenxa yekhwalithi yayo enhle kakhulu yomsindo. Amarekhodi e-Vinyl asadumile phakathi kwabathandi bomculo ngenxa yomsindo wabo onamandla nokulula. Ukwengeza, i-vinyl iyisinqumo esithandwayo kubasebenzisi abadinga ukugcinwa okuphansi nokusebenziseka kalula, okwenza kube inketho efanelekayo yezidingo eziningi.

Imiphumela Emibi Nocwaningo

Nakuba i-vinyl iyinto eguquguqukayo futhi ethandwayo, ayinayo imiphumela emibi. Ukukhiqizwa nokulahlwa kwe-vinyl kungabangela ukulimala kwemvelo nempilo yabantu, okwenza kubaluleke ukuthi izinkampani zicwaninge futhi zithole izindlela ezingcono zokukhiqiza nokusebenzisa i-vinyl. Ucwaningo lwamanje lugxile ekutholeni izindlela zokunciphisa umthelela omubi we-vinyl ngenkathi igcina izakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu.

Ukusebenza ngeVinyl: Umhlahlandlela Owusizo

• Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukusebenza nge-vinyl, qiniseka ukuthi uthola isitolo esihle esihlinzeka ngemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ye-vinyl evela kubakhi abahlukene.
• Cabangela uhlobo lwe-vinyl oludingayo kuphrojekthi yakho, njengoba kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ezitholakalayo njenge-vinyl evamile, ephakathi, neqinile.
• Uma usuphethe ishidi lakho le-vinyl, qala ngokulihlolela noma iyiphi impahla eyeqile noma imfucumfucu okungenzeka inamathele kuyo ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.
• Sika ishidi le-vinyl libe ngusayizi oyifunayo kanye nesimo usebenzisa i-blade efanele. Khumbula ukuqaphela futhi ushiye ingcosana yezinto ezidlulele ukuze wenze inqubo ibe lula.

Ukungeza i-Vinyl kuphrojekthi yakho

• Uma ususikwe izingcezu zakho ze-vinyl zibe usayizi nokuma okulungile, sekuyisikhathi sokungeza kuphrojekthi yakho.
• Qinisekisa ukuthi indawo oyifaka kuyo i-vinyl ihlanzekile futhi yomile ngaphambi kokubeka i-vinyl kuyo.
• Hlanza ngokucophelela isisekelo se-vinyl bese usibeka phezulu, uqale ukusuka komunye umkhawulo futhi usebenze indlela yakho uye kwenye.
• Sebenzisa ithuluzi elifana ne-squeegee ukuze ucindezele ngobumnene i-vinyl phezulu, uqiniseke ukuthi awekho amabhamuza omoya noma imibimbi.
• Hlola i-vinyl ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi inamathela ngendlela efanele futhi ulungise njengoba kudingeka.

Ukuqedela Iphrojekthi Yakho yeVinyl

• Uma usungeze zonke izingcezu ze-vinyl kuphrojekthi yakho, thatha isinyathelo emuva futhi uncome umsebenzi wakho!
• Khumbula ukuhlanza noma yiziphi izinto ezisetshenziswayo nezimpahla ozisebenzisile phakathi nenqubo.
• Uma uthola ukuthi udinga i-vinyl eyengeziwe noma izinsiza, ungakhathazeki. I-Vinyl itholakala kabanzi futhi kukhona abenzi abaningi nezinhlobo ongakhetha kuzo.
• Ngokuzijwayeza okuncane nokubekezela, ukusebenza nge-vinyl kungaba inqubo elula futhi enomvuzo.

Ingabe I-Vinyl Iphephile Ngempela? Ake Sithole

I-Polyvinyl chloride, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-vinyl, ingenye yepulasitiki esetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, futhi iyipulasitiki enobuthi kakhulu empilweni yethu kanye nemvelo. I-PVC inamakhemikhali anobuthi njenge-phthalates, lead, cadmium, nama-organotins, angabangela izinkinga zempilo ezingathi sína njengomdlavuza, ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa, nokuphazamiseka kokukhula.

Umkhankaso Wokuqeda I-PVC

Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30, izinhlangano ezihamba phambili zezempilo, ubulungiswa bezemvelo, kanye nezinhlangano ezithintekayo kwezempilo ezweni lonke nasemhlabeni wonke bezilokhu zikhankasela ukuqeda lo pulasitiki wobuthi. Lezi zinhlangano zihlanganisa iGreenpeace, iSierra Club, ne-Environmental Working Group, phakathi kwezinye. Bebelokhu befuna ukuthi kuqedwe i-PVC emikhiqizweni enjengamathoyizi, ukupakishwa, nezinto zokwakha.

Uhlala Kanjani Uphephile

Nakuba i-PVC isasetshenziswa kabanzi emikhiqizweni eminingi, kunezinyathelo ongazithatha ukuze unciphise ukuchayeka kwakho kule pulasitiki enobuthi:

• Gwema imikhiqizo eyenziwe nge-PVC noma nini lapho kungenzeka khona, njengamakhethini eshawa, i-vinyl flooring, namathoyizi epulasitiki.
• Bheka imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngezinto eziphephile, njengerabha yemvelo, i-silicone, noma ingilazi.
• Uma kufanele usebenzise imikhiqizo ye-PVC, zama ukukhetha leyo ebhalwe ngokuthi “i-phthalate-free” noma “engenayo i-lead.”
• Lahla kahle imikhiqizo ye-PVC ukuze uvimbele ukuthi ingangenisi amakhemikhali anobuthi endaweni ezungezile.

I-Vinyl Lifecycle: Ukusuka Ekudalweni Kuya Ekulahleni

I-Vinyl yenziwe ngenhlanganisela ye-ethylene, etholakala kugesi yemvelo noma i-petroleum, ne-chlorine, etholakala kusawoti. Umphumela we-vinyl resin ube usuxutshwa nezithasiselo ezihlukahlukene ukuze unikeze izici ezifiselekayo, njengokuguquguquka, ukuqina, nombala.

Ukudalwa kweMikhiqizo yeVinyl

Lapho i-vinyl resin isidaliwe, ingasetshenziswa ukwenza imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi:

• IVinyl flooring
• I-vinyl siding
• Amawindi e-Vinyl
• Amathoyizi e-Vinyl
• Amarekhodi e-Vinyl

Inqubo yokukhiqiza ngayinye yale mikhiqizo ingase ihluke kancane, kodwa ngokuvamile ihilela ukushisa nokubumba i-vinyl resin ibe yifomu oyifunayo.

Ukwelapha kanye Nokugcina Imikhiqizo yeVinyl

Ukwandisa isikhathi sokuphila semikhiqizo ye-vinyl, kubalulekile ukuyinakekela ngendlela efanele. Nawa amathiphu ambalwa:

• Hlanza imikhiqizo ye-vinyl njalo ngensipho ethambile nesisombululo samanzi
• Gwema ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali anokhahlo noma izihlanzi ezilumayo
• Gcina imikhiqizo ye-vinyl ingangeni elangeni eliqondile, elingabangela ukufiphala nokuqhekeka
• Lungisa noma yimuphi umonakalo emikhiqizweni ye-vinyl ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uvimbele ukuguga nokudilika okuqhubekayo

I-Vinyl: Irekhodi Elingalungele Imvelo

Amarekhodi e-vinyl enziwe nge-Polyvinyl chloride, noma i-PVC, okuwuhlobo lwepulasitiki. Kodwa-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwe-PVC akuhambisani neze nemvelo. Ngokusho kweGreenpeace, i-PVC iyipulasitiki elimaza kakhulu imvelo ngenxa yokukhishwa kwamakhemikhali anobuthi, asekelwe ku-chlorine ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Lawa makhemikhali anganqwabelana emanzini, emoyeni, nasekudleni, abangele ukulimala kokubili kubantu nasezilwaneni zasendle.

Umthelela weVinyl Emvelweni

Amarekhodi e-Vinyl angase abe imidiya ethandwayo yabathandi bomculo, kodwa anomthelela omubi endaweni ezungezile. Nazi ezinye zezindlela ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwe-vinyl okuthinta ngayo imvelo:

• Ukukhiqizwa kwe-PVC kukhipha amakhemikhali ayingozi emoyeni nasemanzini, okunomthelela ekungcoleni nasekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu.
• Amarekhodi e-Vinyl awaboli futhi angathatha amakhulu eminyaka ukudilika ezindaweni zokulahla imfucuza.
• Ukukhiqizwa kwamarekhodi e-vinyl kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo engavuseleleki, njengamafutha negesi yemvelo.

Yini Esingayenza Ngayo?

Nakuba kungase kubonakale sengathi akukho okuningi esingakwenza ukuze senze ukukhiqizwa kwe-vinyl futhi sisebenzise okuvumelana nemvelo, kunezinto ezimbalwa esingayenza ukuze senze umehluko:

• Sekela amalebula okurekhoda asebenzisa izinto ezivumelana nemvelo nezindlela zokukhiqiza.
• Thenga amarekhodi e-vinyl asetshenzisiwe esikhundleni samasha ukuze unciphise isidingo sokukhiqiza okusha.
• Lahla kahle amarekhodi e-vinyl angafuneki ngokuwagaya kabusha noma ngokunikela ngawo esikhundleni sokuwalahla.

Isiphetho

Ngakho-ke unayo- umlando we-vinyl, nokuthi kungani usathandwa kangaka namuhla. Iwumsebenzi oguquguqukayo osetshenziselwe yonke into kusukela phansi kuya ekumbozeni odongeni kuya kuma-albhamu aqoshiwe, futhi isisetshenziswe iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. Ngakho-ke ngokuzayo lapho ubona umkhiqizo we-vinyl, uzokwazi kahle ukuthi uyini!

Ngingu-Joost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Tools Doctor, umakethi wokuqukethwe, kanye nobaba. Ngiyakuthanda ukuzama okokusebenza okusha, futhi kanye nethimba lami ngidale izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2016 ukuze ngisize abafundi abathembekile ngamathuluzi namathiphu okwenza.