Wake wazibuza yini ukuthi yini eyenza ikhandlela lakho olithandayo lithambe kahle futhi licwebezele? Noma ingabe i-lipstick yakho oyithandayo ihlala kanjani usuku lonke? Impendulo ilele kusithako esisodwa esivamile: i-wax. I-wax iyinto ehlukahlukene eyenziwe ngezinto zemvelo njengezitshalo nezilwane, futhi isetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene.
Ama-wax ngokuvamile aqinile ekamelweni lokushisa futhi anendawo ephezulu yokuncibilika. Zingenziwa ngezinto ezihlukahlukene ezihlukene, kodwa zonke zihlanganyela izici ezifanayo zokwenza okuthile okuqinile futhi okubushelelezi, kanye nokukwenza kucwebezele. Lokhu kwenza i-wax ibe isithako esibalulekile emikhiqizweni eminingi, okuhlanganisa izimonyo, ukudla, namakhandlela.
Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-wax kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo, kusukela kwezimonyo kuya ekudleni kuye kwezobuciko. Uzofunda mayelana nezakhiwo ezihlukile zengcina yezinyosi, ukuguquguquka kwe-soy wax, nobuhle be-carnauba wax. Ngakho-ke, ake singene emhlabeni othakazelisayo we-wax futhi sithole ukuthi yini eyenza ibaluleke kangaka.
Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizomboza:
I-Wax: Into Enamathelayo Epakisha I-Punch
I-wax ibhekisela esigabeni esihlukile sezinhlanganisela eziphilayo eziyi-lipophilic, izinto eziqinile ezithambile eziseduze nezinga lokushisa elizungezile. Kuhlanganisa ama-alkanes aphakeme nama-lipids, ngokuvamile anamaphuzu ancibilikayo angaphezu kuka-40 °C, ancibilika ukuze anikeze uketshezi olune-viscosity ephansi. I-wax iwuhlobo oluqinile olugxile kakhulu futhi olunamandla, okuholela ekuthungeni okunamathelayo okungaba nzima ukusebenza ngakho.
Izinhlobo ze-Wax
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-wax, ngayinye inokuvumelana kwayo okuyingqayizivele kanye nokuthungwa kwayo. Ezinye zezinhlobo ezidume kakhulu ze-wax zifaka:
- I-Wax ehlanzekile: Lolu hlobo lwe-wax lwenziwa ngezinhlanganisela ezihlanzekile zezitshalo futhi aluqukethe izithasiselo noma amakhemikhali.
- I-Black Wax: Lolu hlobo lwe-wax lwenziwa ngamaqabunga esitshalo se-cannabis futhi lwaziwa ngamandla alo aphezulu.
- I-Dab Wax: Lolu hlobo lwe-wax lwenziwa kusetshenziswa inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-extraction, ehlanganisa ukunyakazisa isitshalo ukuze kubangele uwoyela ukuba acwebezele. Umkhiqizo owumphumela uyingxube ye-gooey eqinile kunengcina ehlanzekile kodwa ithambile kunengcina ebhidlikayo.
Ukwenziwa Kwe-Wax
Inqubo yokwenza i-wax ingahluka kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lwe-wax olukhiqizwayo. Kodwa-ke, indlela evamile ihilela ukukhipha izinhlanganisela esitshalweni bese uhlanza umkhiqizo owumphumela wanoma yiziphi izincibilikisi ezisele. Le nqubo iphumela kumkhiqizo ogxiliswe kakhulu olungele abasebenzisi abafuna ukuzizwisa okusheshayo nokunamandla kakhulu.
Ukuphoqelela kanye namandla
Ama-ejensi okuqinisa umthetho abike ukuthi amasampula e-wax anamandla aphakathi kuka-70-90% we-THC, okwenza kube enye yezindlela ezinamandla kakhulu ze-cannabis ezitholakalayo. Ukugxila kwe-THC ku-wax kungahluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-wax ekhiqizwayo, ezinye izinhlobo ziqukethe cishe u-99% we-THC.
Indaba Ethakazelisayo Yendlela I-wax eyaba khona ngayo
Sekungamakhulu eminyaka abantu besebenzisa izingcina, kodwa zavelaphi? Nawu umlando omfushane wokuthi ama-wax emvelo aba khona kanjani:
- Izitshalo: Ama-wax emvelo angatholakala ezitshalweni ezinjengobhontshisi wesoya, izihlahla zesundu, nejojoba. Lama wax akhishwa embewini, emaqabungeni noma ezithelweni zesitshalo futhi asetshenziswa ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene, ezihlanganisa izimonyo, amakhandlela nokudla.
- Izilwane: Omunye umthombo we-wax yemvelo izilwane. Ngokwesibonelo, ingcina yezinyosi ikhiqizwa izinyosi ukuze zakhe izidleke zazo. I-Lanolin, into efana nengcina, iphuma esikhumbeni sezimvu futhi isetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yokunakekela isikhumba.
Ukusuka ku-Petroleum kuya ku-Synthetics: Imvelaphi Yama-Synthetic Waxes
Nakuba sekungamakhulu eminyaka ama-wax emvelo ekhona, ama-wax okwenziwa ayinto eqanjiwe entsha. Nansi indlela ezaba ngayo:
- I-Petroleum: Ama-wax okwenziwa atholakala ku-petroleum, i-fossil fuel. Le nqubo ihilela ukucwengwa kukawoyela ongahluziwe ukuze kukhiqizwe izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamawakisi anezakhiwo ezihlukene zomzimba.
- Ama-synthetics: Ngaphezu kwama-wax asekelwe ku-petroleum, ama-wax okwenziwa nawo angenziwa ngokwenziwa. Lawa ma-wax akhiwa ngokuhlanganisa amakhemikhali ahlukene ukuze akhiqize into efana ne-wax.
I-Waxing: Ukusetshenziswa Kwesimanje Kwama-wax
Namuhla, ama-wax asetshenziswa ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nezimonyo, amakhandlela nokudla. Enye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu i-wax ukususwa kwezinwele. Ukukhiya kuhlanganisa ukufaka ingcina eshisayo esikhumbeni bese uyisusa, kanye nezinwele, ukuze ushiye isikhumba sibushelelezi futhi singenazinwele. I-waxing ingenziwa kokubili kwemvelo kanye ne-synthetic wax, futhi uhlobo ngalunye lunesethi yalo yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nezici.
I-Wax Chemistry: Amamolekyuli Ayinkimbinkimbi Akhonza Umsebenzi Olula
Ama-wax awuhlobo lwe-lipid equkethe i-acid yamaketanga amade exhunywe otshwaleni olude. Utshwala bungaqukatha noma yikuphi kusuka ku-12 kuya ku-32 ama-athomu ekhabhoni, futhi i-fatty acid ingaqukatha izinhlobonhlobo ze-aliphatic (i-straight-chain) noma i-cyclic (emise okwendandatho). Izinga lokugcwala kwe-asidi enamafutha nalo liyahlukahluka, kanti amanye ama-wax aqukethe ibhondi eyodwa kuphela phakathi kwama-athomu ekhabhoni (agcwele), kuyilapho amanye equkethe amabhondi aphindwe kabili (angenayo i-unsaturated).
Amawax Emvelweni
Ama-wax atholakala ezintweni ezihlukahlukene zebhayoloji emvelweni, okuhlanganisa indawo engaphezulu yezitshalo nezilwane. Zisebenza umsebenzi oyinhloko njengekhava elincanyana, elivikelayo elisiza ukumelana namanzi nezinye izici zemvelo. Ezinye izibonelo zama-wax atholakala emvelweni zihlanganisa:
- Ingcina yezinyosi, ekhiqizwa izinyosi ukuze zakhe amakhekheba azo
- I-Carnauba wax, ekhiqizwa amaqabunga esundu se-carnauba
- I-Lanolin, ekhiqizwa izindlala ze-sebaceous zezimvu futhi isetshenziselwa izimonyo nemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba
- I-Cutin, i-polymer ene-waxy etholakala ku-cuticle yamaqabunga esitshalo neziqu
Izakhiwo Zekhemikhali zamawakisi
Ama-wax ngokuvamile aqinile ekamelweni lokushisa futhi anephuzu eliphezulu lokuncibilika, eliwavumela ukuthi asebenze njengendawo yokugcina amandla nezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile. Ukuncibilika okuqondile kwe-wax kuncike ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali, ngamaketanga amade namabhondi agcwele kakhulu aholela emaphuzwini aphezulu ancibilika. Ama-wax abuye abe yi-hydrophobic, okusho ukuthi awancibiliki emanzini.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwezimboni Zamawakisi
Ama-wax anezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zokusetshenziswa kwezimboni, okuhlanganisa:
- Ukwenziwa kwamakhandlela, lapho kusetshenziswa ama-wax afana nengcina yezinyosi noma upharafini njengengxenye eyinhloko
- Ukukhiqizwa kokudla, lapho ama-wax asetshenziswa njenge-coating noma isilondolozi sezinhlobo ezithile zokudla
- Izimonyo kanye nemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa komuntu siqu, lapho ama-wax esetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuqina noma ukunikeza umgoqo wokuvikela isikhumba.
- Ama-Polishes nama-coatings, lapho ama-wax asetshenziselwa ukunikeza isendlalelo esivikelayo noma ukukhanya endaweni efana nephansi, izimoto, nefenisha
- Iphepha nokuphrinta, lapho ama-wax asetshenziswa khona ukulawula ukumuncwa kukayinki nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphrinta
Amawax ku-Coal and Petroleum
Ama-wax abuye atholakale kumalahle nama-petroleum deposits, lapho ngokuvamile abizwa ngokuthi "ama-wax amnyama" ngenxa yombala wawo. Lawa ma-wax ngokuvamile ayingxube eyinkimbinkimbi yama-molecule futhi awaqondwa kahle njengama-wax emvelo. Kodwa-ke, zisabalulekile kakhulu njengoba zingasetshenziswa njengezinto zokuqala zemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izinto zokuthambisa, amapulasitiki, nezinye izinto zasembonini.
Ukusetshenziswa Okuningi Kwe-wax: Okungaphezu Kwengubo Yokuzivikela nje
I-wax ivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zokuqeda kanye imichilo, kusukela kumawax emoto kuya ekuqedweni kwesikhumba. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuvikela indawo engaphezulu emanzini nakwezinye izakhi. I-wax ingaqukatha izinhlanganisela ezihlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezengeziwe, njengokuvikelwa kwe-UV noma izici zokulwa nokungcola. Okunye ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwe-wax ekuqedeni nasekufakeni kufaka phakathi:
- Okumaphakathi kokudala ukuqeda ngokwezifiso
- Vala amaphethelo okhuni nesikhumba
- Ukuqeda amanzi okuxosha izinto zangaphandle
- Amapulangwe aqinile aphansi kanye nefenisha
- Ukuqedwa okuhlukile kwezobuciko nemisebenzi yezandla
I-Wax Kwezokukhiqiza
I-wax iphinde ibe yingxenye ebalulekile ekwenzeni izinto ezihlukahlukene. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokukhulula isikhunta, kanye nasekukhiqizeni izinto zokunamathisela, oyinki, nopende. Okunye ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwe-wax ekukhiqizeni kuhlanganisa:
- Ukwakha isikhunta sokuphonsa izingxenye zensimbi
- Ukudala ama-adhesive angokwezifiso ezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile
- Ukwakha isisekelo samapende noyinki
- Ukulawula izinga lobulukhuni ezintweni
I-wax ekudleni nakwezinye izinto
I-wax ayisetshenziswa nje ezimbonini- iphinde itholakale ekudleni nakwezinye izinto zansuku zonke. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-wax zibhekwa njengento ewuju, futhi zingabiza kakhulu. Okunye okuvamile ukusetshenziswa kwe-wax ekudleni nakwezinye izinto kuhlanganisa:
- Ukumboza izithelo nemifino ukuze kunwebe impilo yakho yeshalofu
- Ukwakha ungqimba lwangaphandle lwezinhlobo ezithile zikashizi
- Ukudala igobolondo eliqinile kumaswidi noshokoledi
- Ukuhlinzeka nge-coating yokuzivikela kumaphilisi nama-capsules
Imvelo vs. I-Synthetic Wax
I-wax ingakhiqizwa emithonjeni yemvelo ehlukahlukene, kuhlanganise namalahle, irayisi, ngisho namafutha esundu abomvu. Ama-wax okwenziwa nawo ayatholakala, futhi ngokuvamile enziwa ngochungechunge oluyinkimbinkimbi lokusabela kwamakhemikhali. Uhlobo lwe-wax esetshenzisiwe luncike emsebenzini okuhloswe ngawo ukuwusebenzisa, kanye nezinga lokulawula elidingekayo phezu kwezakhiwo zalo. Omunye umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-wax yemvelo kanye neyokwenziwa ihlanganisa:
- I-wax yemvelo ngokuvamile icatshangwa ukuthi ihambisana nemvelo
- I-wax ye-synthetic ingahambisana kakhulu ezindaweni zayo
- I-wax yemvelo ingase intule uchungechunge olukhulu lwezingxenye ezitholakala ku-wax yokwenziwa
Isiphetho
Ngakho, injalo-ke i-wax – into eyenziwe ngezitshalo noma izilwane esetshenziselwa ukuvikela nokupholisha izindawo ezingaphezulu. Isetshenziswe amakhulu eminyaka ngezinhloso eziningi ezahlukene, kusukela emakhandlela kuya kwezimonyo kuya ekudleni.
Awukwazi ukungahambi kahle ngokugcotshwa kancane kancane kancane!
Ngingu-Joost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Tools Doctor, umakethi wokuqukethwe, kanye nobaba. Ngiyakuthanda ukuzama okokusebenza okusha, futhi kanye nethimba lami ngidale izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2016 ukuze ngisize abafundi abathembekile ngamathuluzi namathiphu okwenza.
