Kuyini ukuhlabathi okumanzi? Kuyi-a sanding inqubo esetshenziswayo amanzi njenge-lubricant yokukhipha impahla endaweni. Isetshenziselwa ukwenza izinto zibe bushelelezi futhi isuse ukungapheleli okhunini, insimbi, nopende wezimoto.
Kulesi sihloko, ngizochaza ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani nokuthi kungani kunenzuzo. Futhi, ngizokunikeza amathiphu okuthi ungayithola kanjani imiphumela ehamba phambili. Asicwilise phakathi.
Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizomboza:
I-Art of Sanding Emanzi: Indlela Yokuzuza Isiphetho Esingenasici
Ukwenza isihlabathi okumanzi kuyinqubo yokugcotshwa kwesihlabathi ehlanganisa ukusebenzisa amanzi noma olunye uketshezi njengokuthambisa ukuze kususwe izinhlayiya eziqhumayo. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini zokwakha, zezimoto, nezokupenda ukuze kulungiswe indawo ecwebezelayo. Ukwenza isihlabathi esimanzi kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuzuzeni indawo ebushelelezi nengenasici, futhi kusebenza njengenzuzo enkulu ezintweni ezahlukene.
Isebenza Kanjani I-Wet Sanding?
Ukucwiliswa kwesihlabathi okumanzi kuhilela ukusebenzisa ithuluzi elifana nephepha le-sandpaper noma i-sanding block bese uyicwilisa emanzini noma kwisisombululo esiwuketshezi. I-sandpaper emanzi bese isetshenziselwa ukususa ungqimba olungaphezulu lwempahla, okudingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe isiphetho esicwebezelayo. Inqubo ihilela izigaba ezimbalwa, isigaba ngasinye sisebenzisa iphepha legrit elicolisekileyo ukuze kuzuzwe indawo ebushelelezi.
Imaphi Amasu Okwenza Isihlabathi Esimanzi?
Amasu alandelayo angasetshenziswa ukwenza isihlabathi esimanzi:
- Khetha i-sandpaper grit efanele yomsebenzi
- Landela izinyathelo nezigaba ezifanele
- Sebenzisa ibhulokhi yesihlabathi noma ithuluzi ukuze uqinisekise ingcindezi
- Geza indawo engaphezulu njalo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi udoti nezinhlayiya ziyasuswa
- Gcoba indawo ngemuva kokumanzisa isihlabathi ukuze ufinyelele isiphetho esicwebezelayo
Ukwenza isihlabathi esimanzi kuyinqubo ethandwayo esetshenziswa ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene ukuze kufezwe isiphetho esibushelelezi nesiphucuziwe. Nazi ezinye zezicelo ezivame kakhulu zokusahlabathi esimanzi:
- Umsebenzi womzimba wemoto: Ukusahlabathi okumanzi kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile embonini yezimoto ukulungiselela umsebenzi womzimba wokudweba. Kuyasiza ukususa ukungapheleli, okufana nokuklwebheka, amazinyo, nokugqwala, futhi kudale indawo ebushelelezi yejazi lokugcina likapende. Ukwenza isihlabathi esimanzi ngokuvamile kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ithuluzi elikhethekile lokuhuzula, elifana nebhulokhi yesihlabathi, kanye nokunikezwa kwamanzi amasha ukuze kuvinjelwe izinhlayiya ekuvaleni indawo yokusebenza.
- Ukupholisha insimbi: Ukusahlabathi okumanzi nakho kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukupholisha izinto zensimbi, njengobucwebe, izinto zesiliva, namathuluzi. Kuyasiza ukususa noma yikuphi ukuklwebheka noma amabala endaweni bese udala isiphetho esifana nesibuko. Ukwenza isihlabathi esimanzi ngokuvamile kwenziwa kusetshenziswa insalela ethile yezinto ezihuquzelayo, njengegrit engu-1000-2000, kanye nokunikezwa kwamanzi amasha ukuze kuvinjelwe izinhlayiya ekunwayeni phezulu.
- I-Woodworking: I-Wet sanding iyindlela ethandwayo esetshenziswa ekwenzeni ukhuni ukulungisa indawo ukuze iqedwe. Kuyasiza ukususa noma yimaphi amachashaza amabi, amabala, noma okusanhlamvu okuphakanyisiwe bese kwakheka indawo ebushelelezi neleveli. Ukwenza isihlabathi esimanzi ngokuvamile kwenziwa kusetshenziswa insalela ethile yezinto ezilumayo, njengegrit engu-220-320, kanye nokunikezwa kwamanzi amasha ukuze kuvinjelwe izinhlayiya ekuvaleni indawo yokusebenza.
- Ukuphrinta kwe-3D: Ukwenza isihlabathi esimanzi kuyisinyathelo esivamile ekucutshungulweni kwangemuva kwezingcezu eziphrintiwe ze-3D ukuze kususwe noma yiziphi izindawo ezimbi noma ukungapheleli futhi kudaleke isiphetho esibushelelezi nesipholishiwe. Ukwenza isihlabathi esimanzi ngokuvamile kwenziwa kusetshenziswa insalela ethile yezinto ezilumayo, njengegrit engu-800-1200, kanye nokunikezwa kwamanzi amasha ukuze kuvinjelwe izinhlayiya ukuthi zinganwayanga phezulu.
- Ukuphetshwa kanye nokulungisa: Ukusetshenzelwa kwesihlabathi okumanzi nakho kuvame ukusetshenziswa ekuphesheleni nasekulungiseni umsebenzi ukuze kuphume indawo engaphezulu bese kwakheka isiphetho esibushelelezi. Kuyasiza ukususa noma iyiphi into eyeqile bese udala iphrofayili ehambisana nendawo ezungezile. Ukwenza isihlabathi esimanzi ngokuvamile kwenziwa kusetshenziswa insalela ethile yezinto ezilumayo, njengegrit engu-120-220, kanye nokunikezwa kwamanzi amasha ukuze kuvinjelwe izinhlayiya ekuvaleni indawo yokusebenza.
- Imikhiqizo ethize: Ukufakwa kwesihlabathi okumanzi kuyasetshenziswa emikhiqizweni ethile, njengezinhlobo ezithile zikapende, ukuze kufezwe isiphetho esingcono. Ukwenza isihlabathi esimanzi ngokuvamile kwenziwa kusetshenziswa insalela ethile yezinto ezilumayo, njengegrit engu-1500-2000, kanye nokunikezwa kwamanzi amasha ukuze kuvinjelwe izinhlayiya ekunwayeni phezulu.
Ukwazi Ubuciko Bokuhlabathi Okumanzi: Umhlahlandlela Wesinyathelo Ngesinyathelo
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale inqubo ye-sanding emanzi, kubalulekile ukulungisa indawo yakho yokusebenza kahle. Nazi izinyathelo eziyisisekelo ongazilandela:
- Qiniseka ukuthi indawo ihlanzekile futhi ayinakho ukungcola noma imfucumfucu engabangela umonakalo endaweni osebenza kuyo.
- Thatha amabhlogo ambalwa ukuze usonge i-sandpaper yakho. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula ukulawula nokwenza amaphasi afanayo.
- Nquma ukuthi uyafuna yini ukusebenzisa indlela yokwenza isihlabathi esomile noma emanzi kuye ngezinto osebenza ngazo.
- Uma usebenzisa indlela yokufaka isihlabathi emanzi, qiniseka ukuthi unebhakede lamanzi eduze kanye nesihlanzi esincane ukuze udale isisombululo sokuthambisa.
Ukukhetha Igridi Elungile
Ukukhetha i-grit efanele kubalulekile empumelelweni yenqubo yakho ye-sanding emanzi. Nanka amathiphu awusizo okufanele uwakhumbule:
- Qala ngegrit ephansi ngangokunokwenzeka futhi usebenze indlela yakho ufinyelele kumagrits amahle.
- Kuye ngohlobo lwento osebenza kuyo, ungase udinge igrit ehlukile kunaleyo ongayisebenzisa okhunini.
- Khumbula ukuthi ukuphakama kwenombolo ye-grit, i-sandpaper iba ngcono.
Ukwenza i-Wet Sanding Process
Manje njengoba usulungise indawo yakho yokusebenza nephepha lakho lesandpaper selilungile, sekuyisikhathi sokuqala ukwenza isihlabathi esimanzi. Nazi izinyathelo okufanele uzilandele:
1. Qala ngokusandeni ngobumnene yonke ingxenye ofuna ukusebenza phezu kwayo nge-sandpaper eyomile ukuze ususe noma yikuphi ukungcola noma imfucumfucu okungenzeka ivaleleke phezulu.
2. Shintshela kwi-sandpaper emanzi bese uyicwilisa esixubeni sokuthambisa.
3. Gcoba ngobumnene indawo ngokunyakazisa isiyingi, uqiniseke ukuthi ugcine i-sandpaper imanzi ngaso sonke isikhathi.
4. Khulisa i-grit njengoba uqhubeka, uqinisekisa ukuthi uhlola indawo engaphezulu ukushelela nokufana.
5. Uma ubona noma yimiphi imiphetho noma izigodi, sebenzisa i-grit sandpaper ukuze uzisuse ngobumnene.
6. Uma usuzuze ubushelelezi obufisayo, shintshela esakhiweni sokupholisha ukuze udale isiphetho esicwebezelayo.
Izinzuzo Zokubhebhana Okumanzi
Kunezinzuzo eziningi zokuthunga isihlabathi esimanzi, okuhlanganisa:
- Ivumela isiphetho esibushelelezi kunokwehliswa kwesihlabathi esomile.
- Mancane amathuba okuthi udale umonakalo endaweni osebenza kuyo.
- Kuyindlela ethengekayo kunezinye izindlela zokupholisha.
- Ivumela ukulawula okukhulu nokuqonda inqubo ye-sanding.
Izinto Okufanele Uzikhumbule
Nawa amanye amathiphu okugcina okufanele uwakhumbule lapho isihlabathi simanzi:
- Ngaso sonke isikhathi sebenzisa isixazululo sokugcoba ukuze uvimbele ukunqwabelana kwezinhlayiya zegrit.
- Yiba nesineke futhi uthathe isikhathi sakho ukuze uqinisekise isiphetho esibushelelezi.
- Ngokuya ngezinto osebenza kuzo, inqubo yokusahlabathi emanzi ingase ithathe isikhathi eside kunokulindelekile.
- Qiniseka ukuthi ushintshela ku-sandpaper entsha kaningi ukuze ugweme ukubangela umonakalo ebusweni.
- Ungamangali uma uthanda imiphumela yenqubo yakho ye-sanding emanzi- kuyindlela eyingqayizivele nenelisayo yokwenza isiphetho esihle.
I-Wet Sanding: Konke Odinga Ukukwazi
Nayi eminye imibuzo evamile abantu abanayo mayelana nokusahlabathi okumanzi:
- Iyini inhloso eyinhloko yesihlabathi esimanzi?
Umgomo oyinhloko we-sanding emanzi ukufeza isiphetho esibushelelezi nesifanayo kumpahla. Ukwenza isihlabathi esimanzi ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa njengesinyathelo sokugcina enqubweni yokufaka isihlabathi ukuze kususwe noma yikuphi ukuklwebheka noma ukungapheleli okushiywe ezinyathelweni zangaphambilini zokusahlabathi.
- Ingabe isihlabathi esimanzi singcono kunesihlabathi esomile?
Ukwenza isihlabathi esimanzi ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengokungcono kunokusebenzisa isihlabathi esomile ngoba kudala uthuli oluncane futhi mancane amathuba okuba kubangele umonakalo ezintweni ezisetshenzwayo. Ukucwiliswa kwesihlabathi okumanzi kusiza futhi ukuvimbela izinhlayiya zenhlanzi ukuthi zingabambeki ku-sandpaper, okungase kubangele imihuzuko nokunye ukungapheleli.
- Hlobo luni lwe-abrasive okufanele ngilusebenzise lapho ngenza isihlabathi esimanzi?
Uhlobo lwe-abrasive okufanele ulusebenzise ekuthungeni isihlabathi esimanzi kuncike ezintweni osebenza ngazo. Ezisetshenziswa eziningi, kunconywa i-super grit sandpaper (njengegrit eyi-1000). Ungasebenzisa futhi ithuluzi lamandla elinephedi enayiloni abrasive ezindaweni ezinkulu.
- Ingabe ngidinga ukusebenzisa amanzi lapho isihlabathi simanzi?
Yebo, amanzi ayadingeka lapho isihlabathi simanzi. Amanzi asiza ukugcoba indawo efakwe isihlabathi, okwenza kube lula ukufeza isiphetho esibushelelezi. Kuyasiza futhi ukuvimbela i-sandpaper ukuthi ivaleke ngezinhlayiya.
- Ngingakwazi ukusebenzisa indwangu evamile ukuze ngisule amanzi ngenkathi sihlabathi esimanzi?
Cha, akunconywa ukusebenzisa indwangu evamile ukuze usule amanzi ngesikhathi sokuhlabathi esimanzi. Indwangu enayiloni noma i-microfiber ingcono ngoba mancane amathuba okuthi ishiye ngemuva imicu emincane engavaleleka ku-sandpaper.
- Ingabe ukwenza isihlabathi esimanzi kuyindlela ewusizo yokufinyelela isiphetho esicwebezelayo?
Yebo, ukwenza isihlabathi esimanzi kungaba usizo ngendlela emangalisayo ekufezeni isiphetho esicwebezelayo. Ngokususa noma yikuphi ukungapheleli okungaphezulu, isihlabathi esimanzi sidala indawo ebushelelezi nefanayo elungele ukupholishwa.
- Ingabe ngidinga ukuqaphela lapho isihlabathi simanzi?
Yebo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela lapho isihlabathi simanzi. Isihlabathi esimanzi singadala umonakalo ezintweni ezisetshenzwayo uma zingenziwanga kahle. Kubalulekile ukulandela izinyathelo ezifanele futhi usebenzise amathuluzi afanele nezinto zokwakha ukuze uqinisekise umphumela ongcono kakhulu.
- Ngabe ngidinga ukusebenzisa i-backing pad lapho isihlabathi simanzi?
Yebo, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise i-backing pad uma isihlabathi simanzi. I-backing pad isiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-sandpaper isetshenziswa ngokulinganayo futhi ivimbela umonakalo owenziwe ebusweni.
- Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukwenza isihlabathi esimanzi?
Isikhathi esisithathayo ukumanzisa isihlabathi ucezu sincike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lwento esetshenzwayo, izinga lokungapheleli, kanye nesiphetho esifiswayo. Ukusahlabathi okumanzi kungathatha noma yikuphi ukusuka emaminithini ambalwa ukuya emahoreni ambalwa.
- Ingabe i-wet sanding iwumsebenzi wochwepheshe kuphela?
Cha, ukwenza isihlabathi esimanzi kungenziwa yinoma ubani onamathuluzi nezinto zokwakha ezifanele. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukulandela izinyathelo ezifanele futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze uqinisekise umphumela ongcono kakhulu.
I-Wet vs Dry Sanding: Uyini Umehluko?
Ukusahlabathi okumanzi kuhilela ukusebenzisa amanzi njengesithambisi ukugalela ingaphezulu lempahla. Le ndlela ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukuphela kokugcina kwephrojekthi. Nawa amanye amaphuzu abalulekile okufanele uwakhumbule uma kuziwa ekugxilweni kwesihlabathi okumanzi:
- Ayibi kakhulu kunesihlabathi esomile, okuholela ekuqedeni okushelelayo.
- Kulula ukuhlanza njengoba amanzi ethwala uthuli nemfucumfucu.
- Iwufanele umzamo owengeziwe njengoba ikhiqiza isiphetho esihle, esibushelelezi.
Ukuhlola i-Dry Sanding
I-dry sanding iyindlela yokwenza isihlabathi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amanzi njengesithambiso. Le ndlela ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kokuqala kanye nokubunjwa kwempahla. Nazi ezinye izinto okufanele uzikhumbule uma kukhulunywa ngesihlabathi esomile:
- Isusa izinto eziningi futhi bushelelezi izinto ezimahhadla ngokushesha.
- Iyashesha kunokusahlabathi esimanzi kodwa ingaba ngcolile.
- Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa amaphrojekthi amakhulu lapho izinto eziningi zidinga ukususwa.
Umehluko Phakathi Kwesihlabathi Esimanzi Nesomile
Nakuba zombili lezi zindlela zifaka ukusetshenzwa kwesihlabathi, kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwesihlabathi esimanzi nokomile. Nansi eminye yemehluko osobala kakhulu:
- Ukucwiliswa kwesihlabathi okumanzi kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi njengesithambiso, kuyilapho ukuhlabathi okumile akukwenzi lokho.
- Isihlabathi esimanzi asibi kakhulu kunesihlabathi esomile.
- I-sanding emanzi ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukuphela kokugcina kwephrojekthi, kuyilapho ukufakwa kwesihlabathi okomile kusetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kokuqala nokubunjwa.
- Ukwenza isihlabathi esimanzi kuthatha isikhathi eside kodwa kukhiqiza isiphetho esibushelelezi, kuyilapho ukufakwa kwesihlabathi okomile kuyashesha kodwa kungase kube okungcolile.
Iyiphi Indlela Engcono Kakhulu?
Indlela oyikhethayo incike kuphrojekthi ethile osebenza kuyo. Nazi ezinye izinto okufanele uzikhumbule lapho unquma ukuthi iyiphi indlela ozoyisebenzisa:
- Ukwenza isihlabathi esimanzi kungcono kakhulu ekuqedeni kokugcina kwephrojekthi uma ufuna ukubukeka okubushelelezi, okupholishiwe.
- Ukwenza isihlabathi esomile kungcono kakhulu ekulungiseleleni nasekubunjweni kokuqala lapho udinga ukususa izinto eziningi ngokushesha.
- Abanye abantu bancamela ukushintshanisa phakathi kwesihlabathi esimanzi nesomile kuye ngesiteji sephrojekthi.
Iqhaza Le-Grit Size
Usayizi wegrit we-sandpaper yakho udlala indima ebalulekile enqubweni yokusandeni. Nazi ezinye izinto okufanele uzikhumbule:
- Amagrits (izinombolo eziphansi) asetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kokuqala nokubunjwa.
- Amagrits amahle (izinombolo eziphakeme) asetshenziselwa ukuqedela nokupholisha.
- Usayizi wegrit owusebenzisayo uncike ezintweni osebenza ngazo kanye nezinga lokuqeda ofuna ukulifinyelela.
Ukusetshenziswa Okuvamile Kwesihlabathi Esimanzi Nesomile
Nazi ezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezisetshenziswayo ukwenza isihlabathi esimanzi nokomile:
- Ukusahlabathi okumanzi kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuqedela ukhuni, izinto zemvelo, nopende wezimoto.
- Isihlabathi esomile sivame ukusetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kokuqala kanye nokubunjwa kokhuni, insimbi, nezinye izinto.
- Zombili izindlela zingasetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene, kuye ngezidingo ezithile kanye nomphumela oyifunayo.
Hlola Idizayini Yakho Nezinto Zokusebenza
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukwenza isihlabathi, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukwakheka kwakho nezinto zokwakha ukuze uthole indlela engcono kakhulu nosayizi wegrit ongawusebenzisa. Nazi ezinye izinto okufanele uzikhumbule:
- Izinto ezihlukene zidinga izindlela ezihlukene zokusanding kanye nosayizi wegrit.
- Izinga lokuqeda ofuna ukulifinyelela lizophinde libe nendima enqubweni ye-sanding.
- Zinike isikhathi sokufunda ngezinto ezithile kanye nedizayini osebenza ngayo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi usebenzisa indlela engcono kakhulu yomsebenzi.
I-Wet Sanding vs. I-Dry Sanding: Iyiphi Impahla Edinga Iyiphi Indlela?
Uma kukhulunywa ngokhuni lwe-sanding, ukwenza isihlabathi esimanzi ngokuvamile kuyindlela ekhethwayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukhuni luyinto ethambile edinga ukuphela okushelelayo, futhi ukusendaba phansi okumanzi kudala isiphetho esibushelelezi kunesihlabathi esomile. Ukucwiliswa kwesihlabathi okumanzi futhi kuvimbela ukhuni ukuthi lungavalwa wuthuli, okungaba ukungcola ukuze kuhlanzwe. Kodwa-ke, uma ukhuni lumahhadlahhadla ngokwedlulele, kungase kudingeke ukuba isihlabathi esomile sikhiphe inani elikhulu lezinto ngaphambi kokungena ngesihlabathi esimanzi.
Metal
Insimbi iyinto enzima kakhulu ngokuvamile edinga isihlabathi esomile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isihlabathi esimanzi singabangela insimbi ukuthi igle uma amanzi evaleleka phakathi kwezinhlayiya. Ukuthulula isihlabathi esomile nakho kuyindlela ephephile uma kuziwa ekusebenzeni ngensimbi, njengoba isihlabathi esimanzi sihilela ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi nogesi, okungaba inhlanganisela eyingozi.
plastic
I-Plastiki yinto engenziwa isihlabathi ngokusebenzisa noma iyiphi indlela, kodwa ngokuvamile incike ekubunjweni nasekukhiweni kwepulasitiki. Uma ipulasitiki inkulu futhi iyisicaba, ukwenza isihlabathi esimanzi kuyindlela ekahle njengoba kudala isiphetho esibushelelezi. Kodwa-ke, uma ipulasitiki incane futhi yakheke ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi, ukugcotshwa kwehlabathi okomile kungase kube inketho engcono njengoba kudinga ukulawula nokunemba okwengeziwe.
Ukhonkolo
Ukhonkolo uyinto ngokuvamile edinga ukufakwa kwesihlabathi esomile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isihlabathi esimanzi singadala ukungcola okuningi nothuli esizeni, okungaba nzima ukuyihlanza. Ukwengeza, ukhonkolo omanzisa esihlabathini udinga amanzi amaningi, okungaba yinkinga uma indawo ingenawo umoya omuhle. Ukhonkolo osomile wokufaka isihlabathi uhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-sandpaper yegrit emahhadla ukuze kususwe inani elikhulu lezinto ezibonakalayo, okulandelwa yi-grit sandpaper ecolekile ukuze kufinyelele isiphetho esibushelelezi.
Steel Steel
Insimbi emnene iyinto engenziwa isihlabathi kusetshenziswa noma iyiphi indlela, kodwa isihlabathi esimanzi ngokuvamile siyindlela ekhethwayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi insimbi emnene iyinto ethambile edinga ukuqedwa okushelelayo, futhi ukwenza isihlabathi esimanzi kudala isiphetho esibushelelezi kunesihlabathi esomile. Ukwenza isihlabathi esimanzi kuphinde kuhilele ukusetshenziswa kwengxube yokuthambisa yamanzi kanye ne-abrasive, esiza ukuvimbela insimbi ukuthi ingagcwali ngothuli.
Isiphetho
Ngakho-ke usunakho- konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nesihlabathi esimanzi. Kuyindlela enhle yokuthola isiphetho esibushelelezi ezintweni eziningi ezahlukahlukene, futhi kuyindlela edumile ezimbonini zezimoto nezokwakha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyindlela enhle yokususa noma yikuphi ukungapheleli nokuklwebheka. Ngakho-ke ungesabi ukuzama!
Ngingu-Joost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Tools Doctor, umakethi wokuqukethwe, kanye nobaba. Ngiyakuthanda ukuzama okokusebenza okusha, futhi kanye nethimba lami ngidale izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2016 ukuze ngisize abafundi abathembekile ngamathuluzi namathiphu okwenza.
