Njira 11 zochotsera solder muyenera kudziwa!

Pali nthawi yomwe mukufuna kuyeretsa bwino bolodi lanu. Zikatero, mungafunike kuchotsa solder yakale.

Koma kuti muchotse solder, mufunika chida cha desoldering kuti mugwire ntchito ndi chitsulo cha soldering. Kodi zida zimenezo ndi ziti?

Tsopano, ngati simukudziwa zida zosiyanasiyana zowonongera, ndiye kuti mwafika pamalo oyenera! Mukadutsa m'nkhaniyi, muphunzira za njira ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito popanga desolder.

Kenako mutha kusankha njira kapena chida chomwe mugwiritse ntchito. Ndipo mukamaliza kusankha, mukhoza kuyamba kuchotsa solder ku zigawo zosiyanasiyana ndi matabwa.

Komabe, musanaphunzire za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya desoldering, muyenera kudziwa kuti desoldering ndi chiyani. Ndiye tiyeni tiyambe!

Kodi desoldering ndi chiyani?

Desoldering ndi njira yochotsera solder ndi zigawo zomwe zimayikidwa pa bolodi la dera. Izi makamaka ntchito kuchotsa solder olowa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kumafunika pano.

Ndi zida ziti zomwe zimafunika kuti desoldering?

Izi ndi zida zomwe mungafunikire kuti muchotse solder yosafunikira:

• Pampu yopumira
• Desoldering babu
• Kutenthetsa soldering tweezers
• Desoldering kuluka kapena chingwe
• Kuchotsa kusinthasintha
• Kuchotsa aloyi
• Mfuti zotentha kapena mfuti zotentha
• Rework station kapena soldering station
• Vacuum ndi mapampu amphamvu
• Zosankha zosiyanasiyana ndi tweezers

Njira zochotsera solder

1. Njira yoluka yoluka

Mwanjira iyi, mukawotcha solder, chingwe chamkuwa chimawumitsa. Muyenera kukumbukira kuti solder braid yabwino nthawi zonse imakhala ikuyenda mu izo. Komanso, yeretsani chitsulo cha soldering izi zisanachitike.

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Nayi njira:

Sankhani kukula kwa kuluka

Choyamba, muyenera kusankha mwanzeru kukula kwa desoldering braid. Gwiritsani ntchito chingwe chomwe chili m'lifupi mwake kapena chokulirapo kuposa cholumikizira chomwe muchotsa.

Gwiritsani ntchito chitsulo chosungunuka

Kuti mugwiritse ntchito kuluka, pangani dzenje mu mgwirizano wa solder womwe mukufuna kuchotsa ndikuyikapo chingwe. Kenako gwiritsitsani chitsulo cholumikizira kuti chingwe cha solder chizitha kuyamwa kutentha ndikusamutsira ku olowa.

Nthawi zonse sankhani cholumikizira chamtengo wapatali

Tsopano, pochita izi, kukhala ndi solder braid ndikofunikira. Apo ayi, sichikhoza kuviika kutentha.

Komabe, ngati muli ndi solder yofooka, musataye mtima. Mutha kuzikonza powonjezera kusinthasintha.

Muyenera kungowonjezera ku gawo la braid yomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito. Ndipo muyenera kuchita izo musanayiike pa mfundo.

Komanso, ngati mukuona ngati olowa alibe solder zokwanira, inu mukhoza kuwonjezera mwatsopano solder olowa musanayambe.

Mudzaona kusintha kwa mtundu

Mgwirizano wa solder ukasungunuka, mudzawona chitsulo chosungunula chikumira muzitsulo ndikuchisandutsa mtundu wa malata.

Chotsani zambiri za kuluka ndikusunthira ku gawo lotsatira ndikupitiriza ndondomekoyi mpaka mgwirizanowo utakhazikika ndikuchotsedwa.

Chotsani chitsulo chosungunulira ndi kuluka pamodzi

Pamene solder yosungunuka yachotsedwa, kwezani chitsulo chosungunula ndikumangirira pamodzi mukuyenda kumodzi. Mukachotsa chitsulo musanayambe kuluka, chingwe chodzaza ndi solder chikhoza kuziziritsa mofulumira ndikubwezeretsanso polojekitiyo.

2. Pampu njira desoldering

Pampu yosungunuka (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti solder sucker kapena vacuum ya solder) imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungunula tinthu tating'ono ta solder tosungunuka mukasungunula mfundozo.

Mtundu wapamanja ndiye mtundu wodalirika wa chida ichi. Ili ndi mphamvu yodalirika yoyamwa ndipo imatha kuchotsa mwachangu solder yosungunuka.

Iyi ndi njira yotchuka kwambiri pakati pawo njira kuchotsa solder popanda soldering chitsulo.

Ikani masika

Choyamba, muyenera kukhazikitsa kasupe wa mpope wa solder.

Kutenthetsa chitsulo chotenthetsera kutentha kwina

Kutenthetsa chitsulo cha soldering kwa pafupi maminiti atatu.

Lumikizanani mofatsa pakati pa chitsulo chosungunuka ndi cholumikizira chomwe mukufuna kuchotsa. Gwiritsani nsonga yachitsulo.

Pitirizani kutentha solder mpaka itasungunuka.

Gwiritsani ntchito solder sucker

Tsopano gwira nsonga ya solder sucker ku solder yosungunuka ndi solder pad. Yesetsani kusakakamiza.

Dinani batani lotsitsa

Mukakankha batani lotulutsa, pisitoni idzawombera mwachangu. Izi zipanga kuyamwa mwachangu komwe kumakokera solder yosungunuka mu mpope.

Chotsani solder yosungunuka

Perekani solder yosungunukayo nthawi kuti izizizire ndiyeno tsitsani chipangizo choyamwa mu zinyalala.

3. Iron njira desoldering

Njirayi ndi yofanana ndi njira zomwe zili pamwambazi.

Pamafunika chitsulo chimodzi cha desoldering. Chitsulo chimabwera ndi chinthu chomangirira chomwe chimachotsa solder yosungunuka.

Ikani nsonga yachitsulo chotenthetserapo pazitsulo za solder zomwe mukufuna kuchotsa. Solder ikangosungunuka, mpope wothamanga umachotsa solder wosungunuka.

4. Kutentha mfuti desoldering njira

Choyamba, chotsani PCB ku casings.

Tsopano, muyenera kutentha malowo ndi mfuti yanu yotentha. Apa, muyenera kuyika chinthucho pa chinthu chosayaka; dera lozungulira liyeneranso kukhala losapsa.

Pamene mukuwotcha, mudzawona solder ikunyezimira; ndiye kuti ikusungunuka. Kenako, mutha kuchotsa solder pogwiritsa ntchito ma tweezers kapena zida zofananira.

Tsopano mutha kuyiyika pamalo abwino kuti izizire.

5. Hot-mpweya rework siteshoni desoldering njira

Malo opangira mpweya wotentha ndi chida chabwino kwambiri chantchito zazing'ono zomwe muyenera kuchita mwachangu. Ndi chida chothandiza pochotsa zida za solder pama board akale.

Gwiritsani ntchito njira zotsatirazi:

Sankhani nozzle wanu

Zing'onozing'ono ndi zabwino kugwira ntchito pazigawo zing'onozing'ono, pamene zazikulu zimakhala zabwino kwambiri pamagulu akuluakulu.

Sinthani chipangizocho

Mukayatsa chipangizochi, chimayamba kuyatsa. Nthawi zonse muzitenthetsa poyatsira mpweya musanagwiritse ntchito.

Lozani nozzle; mukhoza kuona kutulutsa utsi woyera pang'ono kuchokera mmenemo. Chabwino, izi ndi zachilendo, kotero simuyenera kudandaula nazo!

Sinthani kayendedwe ka mpweya ndi kutentha

Pali 2 mitsuko yosiyana iliyonse. Ikani mpweya ndi kutentha pamwamba kuposa malo osungunuka a solder.

Ikani flux

Ikani flux pa olowa solder mukufuna kuchotsa.

Lozani nozzle

Tsopano popeza mwakonzekera, ndi nthawi yoti muloze mphuno pa gawo lomwe mukugwirapo ntchito. Pitirizani kusuntha mphuno mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo mpaka solder iyamba kusungunuka.

Tsopano chotsani mosamala gawo lomwe muyenera kukonzanso ndi tweezers. Samalani ndi mpweya wotentha.

Lolani chipangizocho kuti chizizizira

Zimitsani chipangizochi kuti chizizizira. Tsukani bolodi ngati patsala madzi osungunuka. Ngati zitasiyidwa, izi zingayambitse dzimbiri.

6. Wothinikizidwa mpweya desoldering njira

Kwa njirayi, mumangofunika chitsulo chosungunuka ndi mpweya wothinikizidwa. Muyenera kuvala magalasi otetezera. Njira imeneyi ndi yosokoneza pang'ono, koma ndiyolunjika.

Choyamba, muyenera kutentha chitsulo cha soldering. Gwirani pang'onopang'ono cholumikizira cha solder chomwe mukufuna kuchotsa.

Kenako tenthetsani chophatikizira cha solder ndikugwiritsa ntchito mpweya woponderezedwa kuti muwuze solder. Ndipo ndondomeko yachitika!

7. Desoldering ndi tweezers

Anthu makamaka amagwiritsa ntchito desoldering tweezers kusungunula solder pamalo oyenera. Ma tweezers amabwera mumitundu iwiri: yoyendetsedwa ndi malo ogulitsa kapena kuyimirira kwaulere.

Makamaka, nsonga za 2 za chidacho zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa desoldering; muyenera kuyika nsongazo ku ma terminals a 2 a gawolo.

Ndiye njira ya desoldering ndi iti? Tiyeni tidutse zimenezo!

Yatsani ma tweezers

Choyamba, muyenera kuyatsa ma tweezers ndikuyika kutentha. Mukhoza kuyang'ana bukhuli kuti mudziwe zambiri.

Kupanga kulumikizana kwabwino pakati pa tweezers ndi chigawocho, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito flux kapena solder yowonjezera.

Sungunulani solder

Kuti muchite izi, ikani nsonga ya tweezers pamalopo ndikudikirira mpaka solder isungunuke.

Gwirani chigawocho pogwiritsa ntchito tweezers

Tsopano kuti solder yasungunuka, gwirani chigawocho mwa kufinya pang'onopang'ono ma tweezers. Kwezani gawolo ndikusunthira kumalo atsopano kuti mutulutse ma tweezers.

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chida ichi pazinthu zomwe zili ndi ma terminals awiri, monga zopinga, ma diode, kapena ma capacitor. Chowonjezera chogwiritsa ntchito ma tweezers ndikuti satenthetsa mbali zina (zozungulira).

8. Desoldering ndi mbale yotentha

Nthawi zambiri anthu amagwiritsa ntchito magetsi mbale yotentha kutenthetsa bolodi ku kutentha kwa soldering, komanso kuchotsa milatho ya solder pa bolodi.

Mudzafunika chidutswa chachitsulo chathyathyathya, chitsulo chosungunulira, ndi chingwe cholumikizira. Chitsulo ndikuyika bolodi lanu pa hot plate.

Tiyeni tiwone ndondomekoyi.

Onjezani phala la solder pa bolodi lanu

Muyenera kuwonjezera phala la solder pa bolodi lanu. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito syringe kuti mugwiritse ntchito solder pamapadi omwe mukufuna. Ndi zotchipanso!

Onetsetsani kuti mwayika phala la solder pakati pa mapini aliwonse. Simuyenera kudandaula za kuika kwambiri chifukwa inu mosavuta kuchotsa owonjezera pambuyo pake.

Ikani chip ku solder phala

Tsopano muyenera kuyika chip ku solder phala ndikuwona ngati yayikidwa molondola.

Gwiritsani ntchito chidutswa chachitsulo

Gwiritsani ntchito chitsulocho kuti muyike bolodi. Kenako ikani pa mbale yotentha ndikutsegula chipangizocho.

Dziwani kutentha koyenera kwa njirayi

Simukufuna kuti bolodi lanu likhale lotentha kwambiri kotero kuti limayamba kuwononga tchipisi ndi epoxy yomwe imamangiriza gulu lozungulira. Muyenera kutenthetsa mokwanira kuti solder ikuyenda.

Pankhaniyi, muyenera kukhala ndi lingaliro la mphamvu ya mbale yanu yotentha isanakwane. Kenako, ikani kuyimba pa kutentha koyenera ndikudikirira.

Patapita nthawi, solder imayamba kusungunuka. Mudzawona solder ikuwoneka yonyezimira.

Muwona milatho ina ya solder

Kwathunthu anasungunuka solder masamba solder milatho. Solder ikatha kusuntha, zimitsani chipangizocho, chotsani chitsulocho ndi bolodi ndikuchisiya kuti chizizire.

Gwiritsani ntchito desoldering braid ndi chitsulo

Tsopano mutha kugwiritsa ntchito desoldering braid ndi chitsulo kuchotsa milatho ya solder. Mukhoza kutsatira ndondomeko desoldering zomangira tatchulazi.

9. Njira ya babu

Kuti muchite izi, mufunika babu yowononga ndi chitsulo chosungunuka. Babu yowononga imagwiritsa ntchito vacuum kuchotsa solder mwachangu komanso mosavuta.

Kodi babu la desoldering mumagwiritsa ntchito bwanji?

Kutenthetsa chitsulo chosungunuka ndikuchigwiritsa ntchito kusungunula solder yomwe mukufuna kuchotsa.

Kanikizani babu ndi dzanja limodzi ndikukhudza solder yosungunuka ndi nsonga ya babu. Itulutseni kuti solder ilowe mu babu.

Dikirani mpaka solder itazizira. Kenako, mutha kuchotsa nsonga ndikumasula zomwe zili mu babu.

Ngakhale chida ichi chilibe mphamvu zoyamwa zambiri, simungawononge kuwonongeka kulikonse. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi ngati mukufuna kuchotsa kuchuluka kwa solder.

10. Desoldering ndi kubowola

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kubowola pang'ono pamanja pochita izi. Komanso, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito pin vise yokhala ndi kabowo kakang'ono. Gulani zobowolera kutengera kukula kwa dzenje lomwe muyenera kumasula.

Anthu ambiri amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zobowola atagwiritsa ntchito babu. Mukayamwa solder ndi babu, mutha kutulutsa solder yotsalayo ngati ilipo.

Muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito cobalt, carbon, kapena chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri kubowola, koma osagwiritsa ntchito carbide imodzi. Ndipo samalani mukamagwira ntchito ndi kubowola kwakukulu.

11. Desoldering ndi Chip Quik

Chip Quik kuchotsa alloy amachepetsa kutentha kwa solder posakaniza ndi solder yomwe ilipo. Izi zimathandiza kufulumizitsa ndondomeko yowonongeka ndikusunga solder kusungunuka kwa nthawi yaitali.

Ngati mukufuna kuchotsa zida zazikulu zokwera pamwamba ngati ma IC, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito Chip Quik. Mukhoza kuchotsa zigawo za SMD ndi chitsulo chosungunuka m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito malo opangira mpweya wotentha.

Chotsani solder ngati pro ndi malangizo anga

Mukangodziwa njira yowonongera, idzakhala ntchito yosangalatsa kuchita!

Komabe, pali njira zina zambiri zochotsera solder. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna kuchotsa solder ku matabwa ozungulira, mukhoza kutsata njira yoyambira yowonongeka, yomwe ndikupera ndi kupukuta.

Kutulutsa solder ndi njira ina, ngakhale imafunikira luso lapamwamba komanso luso.

Ngati mukufuna kuchotsa solder ku mbale zamkuwa, mukhoza kuvula mankhwala. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zina, mungafunike kuphulitsa PCB yanu pochotsa solder pamalo akulu.

Mwachiwonekere, muyenera kusankha njira mosamala; kumvetsetsa njira zomwe zili pamwambazi zidzakuthandizani kwambiri, chifukwa mudzadziwa njira yomwe ingagwirizane ndi ntchito yanu.

Njira zomwe tazitchula m'nkhaniyi zimapereka chiyambi chabwino chophunzirira momwe mungapangire desolder.

Ndine Joost Nusselder, woyambitsa Tools Doctor, content marketer, and dad. Ndimakonda kuyesa zida zatsopano, ndipo pamodzi ndi gulu langa ndakhala ndikupanga zolemba zakuya zamabulogu kuyambira 2016 kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi zida & malangizo opangira.