Desoldering 101: Momwe Mungawonongere Moyenera ndi Zida Zoyenera

Desoldering ndi njira yochotsera solder kuchokera pamgwirizano pogwiritsa ntchito chida cha desoldering. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi pamene chigawocho chiyenera kuchotsedwa kapena pamene cholumikizira cha solder chiyenera kukonzedwanso.
Ndi ntchito yovuta kwa oyamba kumene koma ndi zida ndi njira zoyenera, mutha kukhala katswiri pa izo.

Mu bukhu ili, ndikuwonetsani zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa kuti muyambe.

Desoldering: Buku Loyamba

Desoldering ndi njira yochotsera solder yosafunikira kapena yochulukirapo kuchokera pa bolodi kapena gawo lamagetsi. Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ndi kukonza zipangizo zamagetsi. Zimaphatikizapo kuchotsa kugwirizana pakati pa zigawo zosiyanasiyana kapena mapini pa bolodi lozungulira kapena matupi ena achitsulo.

Ndi Zida ndi Njira Zotani Zomwe Zimafunikira Kuti Muwononge?

Kuti mupange desoldering, mudzafunika zida ndi njira zotsatirazi:

• Chitsulo chosungunuka kapena chitsulo chosungunula chokhala ndi nsonga yowonongeka
• Chingwe chowotcha kapena pampu yowononga
• Nsalu yoyeretsa nsonga yachitsulo
• A youma nsalu kuyeretsa bolodi pambuyo desoldering
• Choyimira chogwirira chitsulo pamene sichikugwiritsidwa ntchito

Kodi Desolder Motetezeka komanso Molondola?

Desoldering ikhoza kukhala njira yovuta, kotero ndikofunikira kusamala ndikutsatira izi kuti muwonetsetse zotsatira zabwino:

• Sankhani olondola desoldering chida malinga ndi zosowa zanu
• Onani kuchuluka kwa zikhomo ndi kukula kwa gawo lomwe likufunika kuchotsedwa
• Samalani kuti musawononge bolodi kapena chigawocho pamene mukuwononga
• Gwiritsani ntchito chida cha desoldering kuti mutenthetse solder mpaka itenthe kwambiri kuti isungunuke
• Ikani chingwe cha desoldering kapena mpope kuti muchotse solder yochulukirapo
• Tsukani nsonga yachitsulo ndi nsalu mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito
• Gwiritsani ntchito nsalu youma kuyeretsa bolodi mutatha desoldering

Kodi Njira Zosiyanasiyana za Desoldering ndi ziti?

Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu za desoldering:

• Kusungunuka ndi chitsulo chosungunuka kapena chitsulo chosungunuka ndi nsonga yowononga
• Kuwotcha ndi pampu yowonongeka kapena chingwe chachitsulo

Kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chosungunuka kapena a chitsulo chosungunula ndi nsonga ya desoldering ndi njira yosavuta komanso yotetezeka, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kwa ogwiritsa ntchito novice. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito pampu yowonongeka kapena nyali yowonongeka ndi njira yovuta kwambiri yomwe imafuna luso komanso chidziwitso.

Ndi Malangizo Otani a Desoldering Bwino?

Kuti muthane ndi desolder, kumbukirani malangizo awa:

• Khalani oleza mtima ndipo mutenge nthawi yanu
• Ikani chida cha desoldering kwa solder kwa masekondi angapo musanachichotse
• Onetsetsani kuti nsonga yachitsulo ndi yoyera komanso youma musanagwiritse ntchito
• Sankhani chida choyenera cha desoldering pa ntchitoyi
• Samalani kuti musawononge bolodi kapena chigawocho pamene mukuwononga

Desoldering ingakhale ntchito yovuta, koma ndi zipangizo zoyenera, njira, ndi malangizo, zingakhale njira yosavuta komanso yothandiza yochotsera solder yosafunikira kapena yochulukirapo kuchokera ku bolodi la dera kapena gawo lamagetsi.

Chifukwa Chake Simuyenera Kuwopa Kuwononga Zida Zanu

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Desoldering ndi luso lofunikira kwa msirikali aliyense waluso. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zodziwika bwino za desoldering ndikupulumutsa zinthu zolakwika. Chigawo chikalephera, nthawi zambiri chimakhala chifukwa cha vuto la mgwirizano wa solder. Pochotsa gawo lolakwika, mutha kuyang'ana cholumikizira cha solder ndikuzindikira ngati chiyenera kukonzedwanso. Ngati chophatikizikacho chili bwino, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito gawolo pamapulojekiti amtsogolo.

Kuchotsa Chigawo Cholakwika

Chifukwa china chodziwika bwino cha desoldering ndikuchotsa chinthu cholakwika. Ndikosavuta kulakwitsa pogulitsa, makamaka pogwira ntchito ndi matabwa akale omwe ali ndi zigawo zambiri. Desoldering imakulolani kuti musinthe zolakwikazo ndikuchotsa chinthu cholakwika popanda kuwononga bolodi.

Kugwiritsanso Ntchito Zopangira Zogulitsa

Desoldering imakupatsaninso mwayi wogwiritsanso ntchito zida zogulitsidwa. Ngati muli ndi chigawo chomwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito pulojekiti ina, mutha kuchichotsa pamalo pomwe chilipo ndikuchigwiritsanso ntchito kwina. Izi zitha kukupulumutsirani ndalama ndi nthawi, chifukwa simudzasowa kugula chinthu chatsopano.

Kupewa Zolakwa Zomwe Anthu Ambiri Amachita

Desoldering ikhoza kukhala njira yosokoneza, koma ndi zida zoyenera ndi njira, mutha kupewa zolakwika wamba. Nawa maupangiri okuthandizani desolder ngati pro:

• Gwiritsani ntchito chingwe cha desoldering kapena mkuwa wopota kuti muthandize kuchotsa solder.
• Ikani flux ku mgwirizano kuti solder ikuyenda mosavuta.
• Kutenthetsa olowa mofanana kuti asawononge bolodi.
• Tsukani olowa pambuyo desoldering kuchotsa zotsalira zotuluka kapena solder.

Kudziwa luso la Desoldering: Malangizo ndi Zidule

Pankhani ya desoldering, kukhala ndi zida zoyenera ndikofunikira. Nawa maupangiri omwe muyenera kuwaganizira pogula zida za desoldering:

• Yang'anani chitsulo chosungunuka chokhala ndi mawonekedwe owongolera kutentha. Izi zidzakuthandizani kusintha kutentha molingana ndi gawo lomwe mukugwira ntchito.
• Ganizirani kugula pampu yowononga kapena plunger. Zida izi zimayamwa solder wosungunuka mosavuta komanso mwachangu.
• Desoldering nyale ndi chida chachikulu kukhala pa dzanja. Amayamwa solder wosungunuka ndipo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa solder yochulukirapo ku PCB.

Kukonzekera Desoldering

Musanayambe desoldering, pali zinthu zingapo zimene muyenera kuchita kukonzekera:

• Yatsani chitsulo chanu chotenthetsera kutentha koyenera.
• Ikani flux ku gawo lomwe mukufuna kuchotsa. Izi zidzathandiza kuti solder isungunuke mosavuta.
• Gwiritsani ntchito nsonga yachitsulo pachitsulo chanu chowononga. Malangizo achitsulo amachititsa kutentha bwino kuposa zipangizo zina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kukhale kogwira mtima.

Njira Zowonongeka

Pankhani ya desoldering, pali njira ziwiri zazikulu: kutentha ndi kuchotsa. Nawa maupangiri panjira iliyonse:

• Kutenthetsa: Ikani kutentha kwa solder mpaka solder isungunuke. Kenako, dinani batani mwachangu pampopi yanu yotsitsa kapena plunger kuti muyamwe solder yosungunuka.
• Kuchotsa: Lumikizani chingwe chanu chosungunuka ndikuchiyika pa cholumikizira cha solder. Kutenthetsa chingwe ndi chitsulo chanu chosungunuka mpaka solder isungunuke ndikuyamwa ndi chingwecho.

Zida Zamalonda: Zomwe Mukufunikira Kuti Muwononge

Pankhani ya desoldering, pali zida zosiyanasiyana zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito kuti ntchitoyo ithe. Nayi mitundu yodziwika bwino ya zida za desoldering:

• Soldering Iron: Ichi ndi chida chotenthetsera chomwe chimasungunula solder, kukulolani kuti muchotse chigawocho pa bolodi ladera. Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito nsonga yoyenera kukula ndi kutentha kuti musawonongeke pa bolodi kapena chigawo.

• Desoldering Pump: Imadziwikanso kuti solder sucker, chida ichi chimagwiritsa ntchito kuyamwa kuchotsa solder yosungunuka pa bolodi. Ndi chisankho chodziwika bwino popanga kuphulika kwafupipafupi kuti muchotse solder pang'ono.

• Desoldering Wick / Braid: Ichi ndi waya woluka wamkuwa womwe umayikidwa pamalumikizidwe ogulitsidwa ndikuwotchedwa ndi chitsulo chosungunulira. Wayawo amayamwa solder yosungunuka ndikuilimbitsa, kulola kuti itayidwe.

• Tweezers: Izi ndi zida zazing'ono, zapamwamba kwambiri zomwe zingakuthandizeni kutola ndikuchotsa zinthu pa bolodi popanda kuziwononga.

Zida Zabwino Kwambiri Zochotsera Zosowa Zanu

Kusankha chida choyenera cha desoldering pazosowa zanu kungakhale kovuta, koma pali zinthu zina zofunika kuziganizira:

• Ubwino: Kuyika ndalama pazida zapamwamba kumapangitsa kuti ntchito yowononga ikhale yosavuta komanso yothandiza kwambiri.

• Mtundu wa Chigawo: Zigawo zosiyanasiyana zimafuna njira zosiyanasiyana zochotsera, choncho ganizirani mtundu wa chigawo chomwe mukugwira nacho posankha chida.

• Pamwamba Pamwamba: Ngati mukugwira ntchito ndi malo akuluakulu, pampu yowonongeka kapena vacuum ikhoza kukhala njira yabwino kwambiri.

• Utali Wawaya: Ngati mukugwira ntchito ndi mawaya, chingwe chowotcha kapena chingwe chingakhale njira yabwino kwambiri yopewera kuwonongeka kwa waya.

Ubwino Wogwiritsa Ntchito Chida Choyenera Chotsitsa

Kugwiritsa ntchito chida choyenera cha desoldering ndikofunikira kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa bolodi kapena chigawocho. Nawa malangizo okuthandizani kusankha chida choyenera:

• Ganizirani mtundu wa chigawo chomwe mukugwira nacho.

• Ganizirani za malo omwe mukugwira nawo ntchito.

• Sankhani chida chomwe chili choyenera kutalika kwa waya womwe mukugwira nawo ntchito.

• Nthawi zonse tsatirani ndondomeko yoyenera ya desoldering kuti muteteze kuwonongeka kwa bolodi kapena chigawo.

Kudziwa luso la Desoldering: Njira Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa

Njira #1: Ikani kutentha

Desoldering ndi zonse zokhudza kuchotsa solder alipo pa olowa kuti muthe m'malo kapena salvage chilema chigawo chimodzi. Njira yoyamba imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa olowa kuti asungunuke solder. Momwe mungachitire izi:

• Ikani nsonga ya chitsulo cha soldering pa cholumikizira ndikuchisiya chitenthe kwa masekondi angapo.
• Chogulitsiracho chikayamba kusungunuka, chotsani chitsulocho ndikugwiritsa ntchito pampu yowonongeka kuti muyamwe solder yosungunuka.
• Bwerezani ndondomekoyi mpaka solder yonse itachotsedwa.

Njira #2: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Desoldering Braid

Njira ina yotchuka yopangira desoldering ndikugwiritsa ntchito desoldering braid. Uwu ndi waya wopyapyala wamkuwa womwe umakutidwa nawo ikuyenda ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyatsira chitsulo chosungunula. Nayi momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito:

• Ikani cholumikizira pamwamba pa cholumikizira chomwe mukufuna kuchotsa solder.
• Ikani kutentha pazitsulo ndi chitsulo chanu cha soldering mpaka solder isungunuke ndikulowetsedwa muzitsulo.
• Chotsani kuluka ndikubwereza ndondomekoyi mpaka solder yonse itachotsedwa.

Njira #3: Njira Yophatikizira

Nthawi zina, kuphatikiza njira kumafunika kuchotsa solder wamakani. Momwe mungachitire izi:

• Ikani kutentha pamagulu ndi chitsulo chanu cha soldering.
• Ngakhale kuti solder ndi yosungunuka, gwiritsani ntchito pampu yowonongeka kuti muchotse solder yochuluka momwe mungathere.
• Ikani desoldering braid pa solder yotsala ndikuyika kutentha mpaka italowetsedwa muzitsulo.
• Bwerezani ndondomekoyi mpaka solder yonse itachotsedwa.

Kumbukirani, kuwononga kumafuna kuleza mtima ndi kuchita. Ndi njira izi, mudzatha kupulumutsa zida zomwe zidalipo ndikulowetsa zolakwika ngati pro!

The Desoldering Wick: Njira Yosavuta komanso Yothandiza Yochotsera Solder Yowonjezera

Nyali yowononga imagwira ntchito poyamwa solder yochulukirapo kudzera mu capillary action. Kutentha kukagwiritsidwa ntchito pa solder, imakhala yamadzimadzi ndipo imakhala yoipa ndi zingwe zamkuwa zolukidwa mu chingwe. Kenako solderyo imakhala yoyipa kutali ndi chinthucho, ndikuchisiya choyera ndi chokonzeka kuchotsedwa.

Ubwino Wogwiritsa Ntchito Wick Wowonongeka

Kugwiritsa ntchito nyali ya desoldering kuli ndi zabwino zingapo kuposa njira zina zochotsera solder ochulukirapo, kuphatikiza:

• Ndi chida chosavuta komanso chotsika mtengo chomwe chingapezeke mosavuta.
• Imalola kuyeretsa bwino kwa ma PCB, ma terminals, ndi mayendedwe azinthu.
• Ndi njira yosawononga yochotsera solder yowonjezera, kutanthauza kuti chigawocho sichingawonongeke panthawiyi.
• Ndi njira yachangu komanso yothandiza yochotsera solder owonjezera.

Pomaliza, nyali yowonongeka ndi chida chamtengo wapatali kwa aliyense amene akukhudzidwa ndi zigawo za soldering ndi desoldering. Ndi chizolowezi pang'ono, izo zikhoza kuzindikirika mosavuta ndi ntchito mwamsanga ndi mogwira kuchotsa solder owonjezera pa chigawo chilichonse.

Kutsiliza

Kotero inu muli nazo izo - zolowera ndi zotuluka za desoldering. Ndi njira yovuta, koma ndi zida ndi njira zoyenera, mutha kuchita ngati pro. 

Tsopano mukudziwa momwe mungasinthire, mutha kupulumutsa ndalama ndi nthawi posunga zinthu zolakwika ndikuzigwiritsanso ntchito pama projekiti amtsogolo.

Ndine Joost Nusselder, woyambitsa Tools Doctor, content marketer, and dad. Ndimakonda kuyesa zida zatsopano, ndipo pamodzi ndi gulu langa ndakhala ndikupanga zolemba zakuya zamabulogu kuyambira 2016 kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi zida & malangizo opangira.