Oriented Strand Board (OSB): A Comprehensive Guide

by Joost Nusselder | Updated on:  June 20, 2022
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Oriented strand board (OSB), also known as sterling board, sterling OSB, aspenite, and smartply in British English, is an engineered wood particle board formed by adding adhesives and then compressing layers of wood strands (flakes) in specific orientations.

It’s a versatile building material used for structural framing, sheathing, exterior siding, and interior wall and ceiling applications.

Let’s look at what Oriented strand board is, how it’s made, and how it’s used.

What is Oriented Strand Board

In this post we'll cover:

OSB: The Versatile Giant Cornflake of Engineered Wood

OSB, or Oriented Strand Board, is a type of engineered wood formed by compressing layers of wood strands in specific orientations. It is similar to particle board, but with higher performance and strength, resisting warping and structural failure. The wood strands are arranged rectangularly and compressed under high pressure with synthetic adhesives, resulting in a flat, rectangularly shaped panel.

How is OSB made?

OSB is made by chipping and compressing spruce or other wood species into strands, which are then arranged in specific orientations and mixed with adhesives. The mixture is then pressed into flat panels under high pressure and heat, resulting in a waterproof and waxy feeling product. The panels come in various sizes and thicknesses, making them widely used in construction and furniture making.

What are the advantages of using OSB?

OSB is a versatile and cost-effective alternative to plywood and other types of wood products. Some advantages of using OSB include:

  • High strength and durability
  • Resistant to warping and structural failure
  • Versatile in use, from roofing and flooring to furniture making and art development
  • Available in various sizes and thicknesses
  • More affordable than plywood
  • Environmentally friendly, as it uses smaller trees and waste wood

Who invented OSB?

OSB was invented by Armin Elmendorf in California in 1963. Elmendorf was a researcher at the Forest Products Laboratory in Madison, Wisconsin, and developed OSB as a more cost-effective and versatile alternative to plywood. Today, OSB is widely used in construction, furniture making, and other industries.

OSB Properties: More Than Just a Wood-Based Building Material

  • OSB is a composite panel made of wood strands and resins that are compressed and dried to create a uniform sheet.
  • The strands are oriented in specific directions to achieve greater strength and stiffness in specific directions.
  • OSB is a solid and natural product that creates a strong and dimensionally stable panel that resists deflection, delamination, and warping.
  • OSB panels resist racking and shape distortion when subjected to demanding wind and seismic conditions.
  • The internal bond strength of OSB is greater than that of plywood, making it a popular choice for structural applications such as truss and pole construction, sheathing, and flooring.

Environmental Properties

  • OSB contains resins that may emit formaldehyde, a toxic compound, into the air. However, American-made OSB is subject to strict regulations that limit formaldehyde emissions to safe levels.
  • OSB is a sustainable building material that uses wood from managed forests and can be recycled or reused.
  • OSB is resistant to water and moisture, making it a popular choice for flooring, ties, shingle, and laminated products.

Comparison to Other Wood-Based Building Materials

  • OSB is similar to particle board, fiberboard, and hardboard, but it is stronger and more durable due to its orientation of strands.
  • OSB is less expensive than plywood, but it may require more clamps during installation due to its tendency to expand and contract with changes in temperature and humidity.
  • OSB is a popular choice for carpentry and construction due to its strength, durability, and versatility.

Behind the Scenes: How OSB is Manufactured

Before production, the wooden logs are chipped into small rectangular strips, which are then sifted to remove any impurities. The strips are then aligned in a specific direction to create a mat, which is then bonded together with glue.

Bonding Process

The bonding process involves the use of synthetic adhesives such as phenol formaldehyde, pMDI (polymeric diphenyl methane diisocyanate), and wax. The adhesive is applied to the surface of the wooden strips, and the mats are compressed under heat and pressure. The activation and curing of the adhesive bond the layers together, creating a strong and durable panel.

Pressing and Finishing

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How to strip wire fast

The compressed mats are then transferred to a thermal press, where they are pressed into large panels of varying thicknesses. The panels are coated with a resin to make them resistant to water and dampness. The finished panels are then cut into individual sizes and shapes, ready for use in different products.

Types of OSB

There are different types of OSB manufactured for various purposes. Some of the common types include:

  • Structural OSB: used for building construction, roofing, and flooring.
  • Exterior OSB: designed for use outside and is resistant to moisture and weather.
  • Interior OSB: used for internal walls and ceilings.
  • Thermal OSB: designed for use in areas that require insulation.

Manufacturers

OSB is manufactured in the United States and Canada by various companies, including RoyOMartin, West Fraser, and Tolko Industries. The production process may vary slightly between manufacturers, but the basic steps remain the same. The number of layers and thicknesses of the panels produced is limited by the equipment installed and the regions where the manufacturing is done.

Why OSB Roof Sheathing is a Popular and Powerful Solution for Builders

OSB roof sheathing is a type of structural panel made of wood strands sliced in the long direction and bonded together with a binder under heat and pressure. It is a natural material that is widely available and commonly used in modern roofing structures.

Why is OSB Roof Sheathing Suitable for Roofing Applications?

OSB roof sheathing is designed to sustain extreme weather conditions and reduce the risk of water damage. It is a strong and durable material that can protect the roof from rough shingles and provide a secure underlayment for the roofing panels.

What are the Different Applications of OSB Roof Sheathing?

OSB roof sheathing is commonly used in different roofing applications, including:

  • Providing a secure underlayment for roofing panels and shingles.
  • Reducing the risk of moisture damage in exposed areas.
  • Offering a solution to the problem of fire resistance in roofing structures.
  • Providing extra strength and durability to roofing structures over the long term.

OSB Flooring: A Versatile and Cost-Effective Option for Builders

OSB flooring is a cost-effective option for builders, as it is generally less expensive than plywood. It is also lighter and easier to handle than plywood, making it a popular choice for larger projects. Other advantages of OSB flooring include:

  • Versatility: OSB flooring can serve as a base for a wide range of flooring materials, including carpet, hardwood, and tile.
  • Waterproofing: The waterproof adhesives used in the manufacturing process make OSB flooring resistant to moisture and ideal for wet environments.
  • Consistency: The cross-oriented layers of wood strands in OSB flooring allow for a consistent and stable product.
  • Performance: OSB flooring shares many of the strength and performance characteristics of plywood, making it a reliable option for builders.

Manufacturing OSB Flooring

OSB flooring is manufactured using the same process as other OSB products. The rectangularly shaped wood strands are arranged in cross-oriented layers and bonded together with waterproof heat-cured adhesives. The resulting panel is then cut into sheets and finished with a resin or wax coating to improve durability.

OSB Flooring vs. Plywood

While both OSB flooring and plywood serve as a base for flooring materials, there are some key differences between the two:

  • Cost: OSB flooring is generally less expensive than plywood.
  • Weight: OSB flooring is lighter than plywood, making it easier to handle.
  • Waterproofing: The waterproof adhesives used in the manufacturing process make OSB flooring more resistant to moisture than plywood.
  • Consistency: The cross-oriented layers of wood strands in OSB flooring allow for a consistent and stable product.
  • Performance: OSB flooring shares many of the strength and performance characteristics of plywood, making it a reliable option for builders.

Keeping Quality in Check

When using OSB flooring, it is important to check for quality to ensure that the product will perform as expected. Some tips for keeping quality in check include:

  • Checking for consistent edges: Inconsistent edges can lead to gaps in the flooring, which can compromise the integrity of the product.
  • Checking for heavy resin buildup: Heavy resin buildup can make the product heavier and more difficult to handle.
  • Checking for wet spots: Wet spots can indicate that the product was not properly dried before finishing, which can compromise its durability and performance.

The Eventual Profit

Using OSB flooring can help builders save money on materials and labor costs, which can ultimately lead to higher profits. By choosing a cost-effective and reliable product like OSB flooring, builders can ensure that their projects are completed on time and within budget.

Improving Your Home’s Interior Walls with OSB Sheathing

Interior wall sheathing is a type of panel that is applied to the interior walls of a home or building. It provides a smooth and level surface for decorative finishes, improves the strength and structure of the walls, and provides a layer of insulation to improve energy efficiency. OSB sheathing is a popular alternative to plywood for interior wall sheathing due to its impressive strength and durability.

How is OSB Sheathing for Interior Walls Manufactured?

OSB sheathing for interior walls is typically manufactured in the same way as exterior wall sheathing. Thin wood strands are cut from trees of varying lengths and thicknesses, and then bonded together with water-resistant resin, typically PF or pMDI. The strands are oriented in a specific way to provide maximum strength and stability. The final product is a thin panel that is typically around 7/16 inch thick, although thicker panels may be required depending on the level of strength and insulation needed.

Why is OSB Sheathing the Best Choice for Interior Wall Sheathing?

OSB sheathing is a commonly used material for interior wall sheathing due to its many benefits, including:

  • Impressive strength and durability
  • Provides a smooth and level surface for decorative finishes
  • Improves the strength and structure of the walls
  • Provides a layer of insulation to improve energy efficiency
  • Typically less expensive than plywood
  • Produced from small, fast-growing trees from farms, meaning it is a more sustainable option than some other building materials

What are the Different Types of OSB Sheathing for Interior Walls?

OSB sheathing for interior walls is typically produced in a few different types, depending on the specific needs of the project. Some common types include:

  • Smooth: Provides a smooth surface for decorative finishes
  • Rough: Provides a more textured surface for a rustic look
  • Decorative: Includes a decorative finish on one side of the panel for added visual appeal
  • Maple: Made from hard maple trees for added strength and durability

Exterior wall sheathing is a material used in building construction to create a solid, level surface on the outside of a structure. It is typically made of wood and comes in sheet form, with edges that are designed to fit tightly together. The primary goal of exterior wall sheathing is to offer additional support and strength to the building’s primary structure.

Creating Custom Furniture with OSB

When it comes to furniture making, wood is the material of choice for many. However, with the limited availability of certain types of wood and the high cost of solid wood products, manufacturers are always looking for ways to improve production and offer a wider range of products. This is where OSB comes in as a versatile and reliable option.

Why Use OSB for Furniture Making?

There are a number of reasons why OSB is a smart choice for furniture making:

  • Versatile: OSB can be used for a variety of furniture components, from cabinet panels to drawer bottoms.
  • Available in a range of thicknesses: OSB is available in a range of thicknesses, from 7/16″ to 1-1/8″, making it suitable for a variety of furniture applications.
  • Lower cost: OSB is generally less expensive than solid wood products, making it a cost-effective option for furniture manufacturers.
  • Reliable performance: OSB is a reliable material that performs well in a variety of applications, making it a popular choice for furniture manufacturers.

OSB and Formaldehyde Emissions

OSB is exempt from EPA and California regulations for formaldehyde emissions, as it is manufactured using phenol formaldehyde resin or diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) adhesives, which have lower emissions than traditional urea-formaldehyde adhesives.

Benefits of Using OSB in Furniture Making

There are a number of benefits to using OSB in furniture making:

  • Higher productivity: OSB can be produced in large panels, which can improve productivity for furniture manufacturers.
  • Customizable: OSB can be cut to size and shaped to fit a variety of furniture applications, making it a versatile option for custom furniture.
  • Waterproof: OSB is waterproof, making it suitable for use in furniture that will be used outside or in damp environments.
  • Smart bonding: The rectangularly shaped strands in OSB are arranged in a cross-oriented pattern, which means that the bonds between the strands are stronger than in traditional plywood.
  • Low emission: As mentioned earlier, OSB is exempt from formaldehyde emission regulations, making it a safer option for furniture manufacturers.

Discover the Creative and Cost-Saving Option of Using OSB for Your Home’s Ceiling

Using OSB as a ceiling material is a new and unique alternative to the primary use of the engineered strand board as a sheathing material for roofs, walls, and floors. OSB offers a warm and wooden effect that is not usually obtained with sheetrock or other ceiling materials. The thin wooden strands bonded together with water-resistant resin give an impressive impact that improves the structure of your house.

OSB as an Interior Decorative Panel

OSB is an engineered panel manufactured from thin wood strands bonded together with water-resistant resin, typically PF or pMDI. It is extensively used for residential and commercial construction, but it can also be used as an interior decorative panel for your ceiling. OSB panels can be painted with transparent varnish or any color of your choice to decorate your ceiling. The rough and nicely bonded strands of the OSB give a warm and wooden effect that is perfect for a bedroom or any other room in your home.

OSB as a Cost-Saving Option for Your Ceiling

Using OSB for your ceiling is a cost-saving option for your home. OSB is a cheaper alternative to hardwood flooring, and it gives the same warm and wooden effect. OSB panels are easy to obtain and install, reducing the transfer of heat and cold, helping to save on energy bills. OSB is also a creative option for architects and builders who want to touch professionally on the interior design of a house.

Application of OSB for Your Ceiling

OSB is an excellent option for your home’s ceiling, and it can be used in various ways. Here are some ways to use OSB for your ceiling:

  • Install OSB panels directly to the ceiling joists for a unique and impressive effect.
  • Use OSB as a base for a suspended ceiling, reducing the transfer of heat and cold.
  • Combine OSB with other materials, such as sheetrock, to obtain a warm and wooden effect.
  • Use OSB as a decorative panel for your ceiling, painted with transparent varnish or any color of your choice.

Artistic Applications of OSB

OSB’s unique texture and finish make it an interesting material for artists to work with. The resulting pieces can be lightweight and easy to cut, making it a popular choice for small-scale art projects.

Van Fit-Outs with Oriented Strand Board (OSB)

When it comes to van fit-outs, OSB is a great alternative to plywood. Here’s why:

  • OSB is typically lower in cost than plywood, making it a more cost-effective option for those on a budget.
  • It offers similar strength and performance properties to plywood, making it a reliable choice for structural applications.
  • OSB is produced in large sheets, typically measuring 4′ x 8′, making it easier to handle and install than smaller plywood sheets.
  • The panels are engineered for optimum performance, with varying grades and thicknesses available to suit different preferences and needs.
  • OSB is commonly used in residential construction, so it’s a tried and tested material for building interiors.

Steps to Take When Using OSB for Van Fit-Outs

While OSB is a great material for van fit-outs, there are some steps you should take to ensure you get the best possible results:

  • Protect the edges of the OSB panels from moisture, as this can cause the panels to swell and warp.
  • Store the panels in a dry, covered area before installation to prevent any negative effects from extreme weather conditions.
  • When cutting the panels, use a saw with a high number of teeth to prevent splintering and ensure a clean cut.
  • When installing the panels, make sure to use screws rather than nails, as screws offer better holding power and prevent the panels from shifting over time.

Companies Offering OSB Supplies for Van Fit-Outs

If you’re interested in using OSB for your van fit-out, there are a number of companies that offer OSB supplies:

  • North American OSB manufacturers include LP Building Products, Georgia-Pacific, and Norbord.
  • In the UK, companies like Smartply and Egger offer OSB panels for construction and industrial sectors.
  • Depending on your location, you may also find OSB supplies at your local hardware store or lumber yard.

The Role of OSB in the Van Fit-Out Market

OSB is becoming an increasingly popular choice for van fit-outs due to its many benefits. Here are some reasons why:

  • The limited availability of solid wood materials can make it difficult to find suitable materials for van fit-outs.
  • OSB offers a great alternative to regular plywood, with higher PSI (pounds per square inch) and a linear strength that makes it a reliable choice for structural applications.
  • The fact that OSB is a biological product made from wood strands means that it’s a natural and sustainable choice for those who prefer eco-friendly materials.
  • OSB is commonly used in the construction industry, so it’s a trusted material that offers great performance properties.

The Main Properties of OSB for Van Fit-Outs

When it comes to using OSB for van fit-outs, there are a few key properties to keep in mind:

  • OSB is a type of engineered wood panel made from strands of wood that are oriented in different directions and then bonded together with a resin binder.
  • The panels are typically produced in large sheets, with varying grades and thicknesses available to suit different needs.
  • OSB offers similar strength and performance properties to plywood, with varying levels of structural integrity depending on the grade of the panel.
  • OSB is commonly used for flooring and wall sheathing in residential construction, making it a reliable choice for van interiors.

Worksite Boarding: A Smart and Impressive Alternative to Traditional Wood Materials

Worksite Boarding is a unique and impressive product that offers a lightweight and cost-effective alternative to traditional wood materials. It is an engineered wood product that is mainly used for construction and building purposes. Worksite Boarding is a brand of Oriented Strand Board (OSB), which is a type of panel made from strands of wood that are bonded together with resin.

How is Worksite Boarding Manufactured?

Worksite Boarding is manufactured using a random cross-directional orientation of wood strands. The strands are mainly made from poplar, which is a fast-growing tree species that is widely available in many parts of the world. The strands are then bonded together with resin to form a consistent and strong panel. The unique grain of the wood contributes to the impressive performance of the product.

The Durable Choice for Industrial Containers: Making Them with Oriented Strand Boards

When it comes to making industrial containers, the choice of material is crucial. The material needs to be strong, durable, and able to withstand the rigors of transportation and storage. This is where oriented strand boards (OSB) come in. Here are some reasons why OSB is the ideal material for making industrial containers:

  • OSB is made from wood strands that are oriented in a specific direction, making it stronger and more durable than regular plywood.
  • OSB is resistant to moisture, which is important for containers that will be exposed to the elements during transportation and storage.
  • OSB is cost-effective, making it a popular choice for industrial container manufacturers.

OSB vs Plywood: Which is the Better Building Material?

OSB and plywood are both wood-based products commonly used in construction. However, they are produced differently:

  • OSB consists of thin wood strands arranged in layers and combined with glue and hot pressing. This production process makes OSB a more consistent material compared to plywood.
  • Plywood, on the other hand, consists of multiple thin layers of wood veneer arranged with the grain of each layer positioned perpendicular to the adjacent layer. These layers are then glued together and pressed to form a strong and durable sheet.

Strength and Performance

When it comes to strength and performance, both OSB and plywood have their unique qualities:

  • OSB is stronger than plywood in shear, meaning it can withstand more force applied perpendicular to the grain of the wood. This makes it a popular choice for webs of wooden I-joists.
  • Plywood, on the other hand, has a higher number of layers, making it stronger in tension and compression. This makes it a preferred choice for flooring and roofs.

Appearance and Finish

OSB and plywood have different appearances and finishes:

  • OSB has a unique and consistent appearance due to its production process. It has a rough and textured surface, making it a popular choice for work and storage areas.
  • Plywood has a smooth and uniform surface, making it a popular choice for finishes such as kitchen cabinets and furniture.

Cost and Availability

When it comes to cost and availability, OSB and plywood have their differences:

  • OSB is generally less expensive compared to plywood, making it a popular choice for large construction projects.
  • Plywood, on the other hand, is considered a higher-quality product and is generally more expensive compared to OSB. However, it is available in a wide range of grades and finishes, making it a popular choice for a variety of construction types.

Water Resistance and Durability

OSB and plywood have different water resistance and durability:

  • OSB is more susceptible to water damage compared to plywood due to its production process and the materials used. However, it can still be used in areas with low moisture levels.
  • Plywood is generally more water-resistant and durable compared to OSB, making it a popular choice for floors and roofs.

Weight and Storage

OSB and plywood have different weights and storage requirements:

  • OSB weighs less compared to plywood, making it easier to handle and transport. It also requires less storage space compared to plywood.
  • Plywood, on the other hand, is heavier compared to OSB, making it a better choice for floors and roofs where weight is not a concern.

Conclusion

So, that’s what oriented strand board is. OSB is a versatile building material used for making walls, floors, and even furniture. It’s a great alternative to plywood, and a more environmentally friendly choice. So, don’t be afraid to use it in your next project. You can always trust the experts at Procrastination.

I'm Joost Nusselder, the founder of Tools Doctor, content marketer, and dad. I love trying out new equipment, and together with my team I've been creating in-depth blog articles since 2016 to help loyal readers with tools & crafting tips.