Natural Rubber: Zvivakwa, Kugadzirwa, uye Kushandiswa Zvinotsanangurwa

Rabha yechisikigo, inonziwo India rabha kana caoutchouc, sekugadzirwa kwekutanga, ine mapolymer eiyo organic compound isoprene, ine tsvina diki yemamwe maorganic compounds pamwe nemvura.

Parizvino, rabha inokohwewa kunyanya muchimiro che latex kubva kune mimwe miti. Latex icolloid inonamira, ine mukaka inodhonzwa nekucheka makwati uye kuunganidza mvura mumidziyo nenzira inodaidzwa kuti "tapping".

Muchikamu chino, ini ndichakuudza zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve ichi chinhu chakasiyana-siyana.

Kusvika pakuziva Natural Rubber

Natural rubber imhando yepolymer inogadzirwa nezvimwe zvirimwa. Icho chinhu chakasarudzika chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvigadzirwa zvemazuva ese, kubva kumatairi kusvika kune magirovhosi kusvika kune magetsi ekudzivirira. Rabha rinoumbwa nemacheni marefu emamorekuru anonzi mapolymers, ayo akabatanidzwa nemakomisheni madiki ehupenyu.

Natural Rubber Inogadziriswa Sei?

Kana muto waunganidzwa, unosanganiswa nemvura kugadzira musanganiswa unopfuudzwa nepakati pezviratidziro kuti ubvise chero zvidimbu zvakawandisa. Musanganiswa wacho unozoomeswa uye wopfuura nepakati pechikamu chemagetsi chakasimba kuti ugadzire chigadzirwa chekupedzisira.

Ndeapi Mamwe Mamwe Marudzi eRubber?

Kune akati wandei akasiyana marudzi erabha anoshandiswa muzvigadzirwa zvemazuva ese. Zvimwe zvezvinonyanya kushandiswa zvinosanganisira rabha yekugadzira, iyo inogadzirwa nenzira yakasiyana nerabha yechisikigo, uye rabha yehuni, iyo inogadzirwa nekusvuura makwati kubva kune mamwe marudzi emiti.

Ndeipi Tsvakurudzo Iri Kuitwa pa Natural Rubber?

Pane tsvakiridzo inoenderera mberi iri kuitwa pamusoro perabha yechisikigo kuvandudza zvimiro zvayo uye kutsvaga nzira nyowani dzekuishandisa. Dzimwe dzenzvimbo dzekutsvagisa dzinosanganisira kutsvaga nzira dzekuwedzera mazinga ekugadzira, kugadzira mhando nyowani dzerabha dzine zvinhu zvakakosha, uye kutsvaga dzimwe nzira dzekugadzira rabha.

Chii Chinoita Kuti Rubber Ive Yakasiyana?

Rubber inoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzezvigadzirwa, kusanganisira:

• Matayi: Rubha chinhu chakakosha mukugadzirwa kwematairi, ichipa simba rinodiwa uye kuchinjika kutsungirira zvinodiwa nemugwagwa.

• Flouring uye denga: Rubber pasi uye denga zvinhu zvinogara uye zvinoshingirira kumvura uye mamwe mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza.

• Zvigadzirwa zvekurapa: Latex rabha inoshandiswa mune dzakasiyana siyana zvigadzirwa zvekurapa, kusanganisira magurovhosi uye tubing. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekusagadzikana kweallergies uye kusvibiswa, synthetic rubber anoshandiswa kakawanda.

• Mabhasikoro: Rubha inoshandiswa mukugadzira matai ebhasikoro nemachubhu, ichipa kubata kunodiwa uye kuchinjika kumirisana nezvido zvemugwagwa.

• Insulation: Rubber chinhu chinoshanda chekudzivirira, chinopa kuramba kutonhora kwakanyanya uye mamiriro ekunze.

• Gaskets, hoses, uye connectors: Rubber inoshandiswa kugadzira zvikamu zvetsika uye zvishongedzo, zvinosanganisira gaskets, hoses, uye connectors.

• Elastomers: Rubha rinoshandiswa kugadzira akasiyana siyana elastomers, ayo anonyanya kuita rabha-senge zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzezvigadzirwa.

Mashandisirwo erabha anosiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nerudzi rwerabha iri kugadzirwa uye chaiyo midziyo yainoratidza. Nekudaro, chinhu chimwe ndechechokwadi: rabha chinhu chakakosha chakakosha mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakawanda zvatinoshandisa mazuva ese.

Iyo Opulent Nhoroondo yeRubber

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Rubber ine nhoroondo refu uye yakapfuma inodzokera kutsika dzechivanhu dzeMesoamerica. Humbowo hwekutanga hwekuchera matongo hwekushandiswa kwechisikigo latex kubva kumuti weHevea hunobva kuOlmec tsika, umo rabha yakatanga kushandiswa kugadzira mabhora eMesoamerican ballgame.

Kusvika kwevaEurope uye Shanduko yeRubber Indasitiri

Vanhu vokuEurope pavakasvika kuSouth America, vakaona kuti zvizvarwa zvemo zvaishandisa rabha zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kugadzira shangu nembatya. Zvisinei, hazvina kusvika muzana remakore rechi19 apo kugadzirwa kwerabha kwakava chigadzirwa chakakosha chepasi rose.

Mhedziso Yekutanga yeRubber

Iyo yekutanga sosi yerabha yechisikigo muti weHevea, unowanikwa kumasango anonaya mvura eSouth America. Nhasi, Thailand ndiyo inonyanya kugadzira rabha yechisikigo, ichiteverwa neIndonesia, Vietnam, neIndia.

Chigadzirwa Chinoshandiswa Zvakawanda

Rubber yava chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kushandiswa pasi rose, ine matani ezvigadzirwa zverabha pamusika. Zvimwe zvezvinonyanya kushandiswa rubber zvigadzirwa zvinosanganisira:

• Matai emotokari, marori, uye mabhasikoro
• Magurovhosi eRubber ekurapa uye kubata chikafu
• Rubber mabhendi ekubata zvinhu pamwechete
• Zvisimbiso zverabha zvekudzivirira kubuda mumapombi nemimwe midziyo

Kukosha Kwerabha Muupenyu Hwedu

Rubha chinhu chakakosha chakashandiswa nevarume kwezviuru zvemakore. Yakaita basa rakakosha mukusimudzira nyika yedu yemazuva ano uye inoramba iri chinhu chakakosha mumaindasitiri mazhinji.

Iyo Intricacies ye Natural Rubber Production

• Rabha yechisikigo inogadzirwa nekubvisa muto wemvura unonzi latex kubva kune mamwe marudzi emiti, kunyanya iyo Hevea brasiliensis muti.
• Uyu muti unokura chete muSouth America, kunyanya muBrazil, asi ikozvino warimwa muAsia zvakare.
• Muti unogona kukura kusvika mamita makumi matatu pakureba uye unoda imwe mamiriro emuchadenga ane hunyoro hwepamusoro uye kugovera kwecarbon dioxide kutsigira kukura kwayo.
• Iyo latex inowanikwa nekuita zvidimbu mumakwati emuti, uye muto unoguma unounganidzwa mumidziyo yakasungirirwa pamuti.
• Iyo muto yakakosha uye inoda kugoverwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekupihwa yunifomu.

Iyo Coagulation process

• Iyo latex inowanikwa kubva mumuti werabha ine chinhu chinoumbwa chinonzi rubber, chinova chinhu chinoshanda mukugadzirwa kwerabha rechisikigo.
• Iyo coagulation process inotanga nekuwedzera acid kune latex, iyo inoikora uye inoita kuti rabha riparadzane kubva mumvura.
• Musanganiswa unoguma unobva waomeswa kuti ubvise mvura yakawandisa, uye muto wakaomeswa unochekwa kuita mashizha matete.
• Nzira yekucheka inoitika munzvimbo inopisa, iyo inowanzoita kuti rubber iri nani nepamusoro-soro.
• Mapepa erabha akaomeswa anobva agadzirira kushandiswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana.

Kukohwa kubva kuZvirimwa Zvemusango

• Nepo kuwanda kwelatex yekugadzirwa kwerabha kunobva pairimwa Hevea brasiliensis miti, kune anopfuura zviuru zviviri nemazana mashanu emhando dzezvirimwa zvinogadzira latex, kusanganisira zvirimwa zvemusango.
• Iyo nzira yekubvisa latex kubva mumiti yemusango inowanzoitwa nemaoko uye inoda simba rinorema nekuda kwekunyorova uye herbaceous mashizha.
• Rabha inobuda mumiti yemusango inofananidzwa zvisina kunaka neiyo inowanikwa pamiti inenge yarimwa.

Kukosha Kwekugadzirisa

• Kuve nechokwadi chekupihwa kwakafanana kwemhando yepamusoro yerabha, kuedza kwakaitwa kuenzanisa maitiro ekugadzira.
• Izvi zvinosanganisira matanho akatevedzana, kusanganisira kurima uye kukura kwemiti yerabha pane imwe nzvimbo, kukohwewa kwelatex, uye kugwadama uye kuomesa.
• Iko kuedza kwekumira kunobatsira kufambisa kudyiwa kwezvinhu zvinodikanwa uye kuve nechokwadi chekuenderana kwekupihwa kwerabha rechisikigo.

Muti weRubber: Kupfuura Kungori Tsime reRubber

• Muti werabha, unozivikanwawo seHevea brasiliensis, imhando yechirimwa mumhuri yespurge Euphorbiaceae.
• Yakatangira kuSouth America, kunyanya mudunhu reAmazon kuBrazil, kwayaigara ichishandiswa nevanhu veko kune zvinangwa zvakasiyana.
• Muti uyu chirimwa chinopisa chinogona kukura kusvika mamita 100 kureba uye une shizha rimwe chete rinogona kureba kusvika masendimita gumi nematanhatu.
• Inogadzira muto wemukaka kana latex ine musanganiswa wakaoma wemvura, shuga, uye zvinhu zvinotanuka zvakanyanya.

Kugadzirwa kweRubber kubva kuRubber Tree

• Iyo latex sap yemuti werabha ndiyo inonyanya kugadzirwa rabha rechisikigo.
• Muto unounganidzwa nekucheka makwati madiki emuti uye kuita kuti latex ibude mumudziyo.
• Muto unogwamba kana waiswa mumhepo, uchiita chinhu chakasimba chinogona kupatsanurwa kubva mumvura.
• Iyo yakasimba inogezwa nekuomeswa kuti ibudise rabha mbishi.
• Miti yerabha, inonyanya kuwanikwa kuSoutheast Asia uye kumadokero kweAfrica, inorima muti werabha kuti utengeserwe.

Zvimwe Zvishandiso zveRubber Tree

• Muti werabha haungobatsiri muto wawo welatex chete asiwo pamatanda awo, ayo anoshandiswa kugadzira fenicha uye kuvaka.
• Muti uyu unozivikanwa zvakare nemishonga yawo, sezvo mimwe mishonga yechivanhu inoshandisa makwati nemashizha kurapa zvirwere zvakasiyana.
• Muti werabha unopawo chikafu, sezvo muto welatex une shuga inogona kuviriswa kugadzira chinwiwa chinodhaka.
• Pamusoro pezvo, muti werabha une hukama nemimwe miti yemumhuri yeEuphorbiaceae, yakadai sedandelion uye poinsettia (chirimwa cheKisimusi chakakurumbira), icho chine muto wemukaka welatex unobatana kana ukaiswa mumhepo.

Kuongorora Nyika yeRubber Varieties

Apo patinofunga nezverabha, tinowanzofunga nezvechimiro chechisikigo chinobva mumuto wemiti yerabha. Nekudaro, kune akati wandei akasiyana siyana echisikigo rabha, imwe neimwe iine yayo yakasarudzika zvimiro uye maitiro. Heano mashoma eanonyanyozivikanwa:

• Amazonian Rubber: Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvinobva pamuti weHevea brasiliensis, unowanikwa kuAmazon rainforest. Iyo inozivikanwa nekukwira kwayo kwepamusoro uye inowanzoshandiswa mukugadzira matai uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvekutengesa.
• Congo Rubber: Mhando iyi inobva pamuti we Landolphia, unowanikwa mudunhu reCongo muAfrica. Iine elasticity yakadzikira pane mamwe mavara echisikigo asi inokosheswa nekugara kwayo uye kuramba kushanduka kwetembiricha.
• Dandelion Rubber: Mhando iyi inogadzirwa kubva pamidzi yeRussian dandelion chirimwa. Kunyange isingashandiswe zvakanyanya semamwe machira echisikigo, iri kuwana mukurumbira nekuda kwekugona kwayo kurimwa munzvimbo dzinotonhora uye kugona kwayo kwekugadzirwa kwakasimba.

Kugadzira Raw Rubber

Pasinei nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, rubber yose inotanga semvura ye latex inokohwewa kubva mumiti. Hezvino zvinhu zvishoma zvekuchengeta mupfungwa paunenge uchigadzira raw rabha:

• Iyo latex inofanirwa kuunganidzwa nekungwarira kudzivirira kusvibiswa uye kukanganisa pamuti.
• Kana yaunganidzwa, latex inobatanidzwa kuita rabha yakasimba.
• Rabha rakasimba rinobva rashambidzwa nokuomeswa kubvisa tsvina yasara.

Kunyangwe uri kushanda nerabha rechisikigo kana rekugadzira, kunzwisisa marudzi akasiyana uye magadzirirwo aanoitwa ndicho chinhu chakakosha pakugadzira zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro.

Kushandisa Kwakawanda KweRubha: Kubva Matairi kuenda Kuchipatara Zvishandiso

Rubha chinhu chakakosha kuindasitiri yekufambisa. Inopa kudzvanyirira kwakanyanya uye kuramba kukwesha, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kushandiswa mumatayari, mabhandi ekutakurisa, pombi uye kubata kwepombi, uye dzimba dzemotokari. Kutsika pamatayi emotokari akagadzirwa nerabha kuti ape zviri nani kufamba mumugwagwa. Rubha inoshandiswawo mukugadzira ndege nematayi emotokari, ichipa kubata kwakavimbika uye kuchinjika.

Zvemitambo Zvekunaka

Rubber inoshandiswawo mukugadzira mabhora emitambo yakasiyana. Izvo zvinhu zveabrasion kuramba uye yakapfava magadzirirwo anoita kuti ive yakakodzera kushandiswa mumabhasiketi, bhora renhabvu, uye mamwe emitambo mabhora. Rubber rollers inoshandiswawo muindasitiri yekudhinda kugadzira mapepa anoyevedza papepa.

Zvishandiso zvekurapa uye zvekuvhiya

Rubha chinhu chakakosha muindasitiri yezvokurapa. Inoshandiswa kugadzira midziyo yekurapa neyekuvhiya senge magurovhosi ekuvhiya, magumbeze ekudzivirira, uye mabhutsu akaumbwa. Iko kushanduka kwezvinhu uye kuramba kune abrasion kunoita kuti ive yakakodzera kushandiswa mumidziyo yekurapa. Synthetic rubber inoshandiswawo mukugadzira pacifiers nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvekurapa.

Industrial Uses

Rubber inoshandiswawo mukugadzira zvikamu zvemagetsi, ichipa kukwirira kwemagetsi. Inoshandiswawo mukugadzira mabhandi ekutakura, pombi uye pombi kubata, uye dzimba dzemotokari. Izvo zvinhu zvinopokana neabrasion zvinoita kuti zvive zvakakodzera kushandiswa mumaindasitiri magadzirirwo.

Zvimwe Zvishandiso

Rubber chinhu chakasiyana-siyana chinopa huwandu hukuru hwekushandisa. Zvimwe zvekuwedzera zvekushandisa rubber zvinosanganisira:

• Inopenya uye isina kupora crepe yekugadzira zvigadzirwa zverabha zvakasvibiswa
• Zvinhu zvakakosha zvekutsvaga nekuvandudzwa kwezvinhu zvitsva
• Kuwedzera kana kubvisa zvinhu kugadzira mhando nyowani dzerabha ine zvimwe zvinhu
• Iyo mukaka wemukaka unowanikwa kubva mumidziyo yelatex kana maseru inoshandiswa kugadzira yakasikwa rabha
• Rubha inogadzirwa mumamiriyoni ematani gore negore, zvichiita kuti ive chinhu chakakosha zvikuru kune akasiyana maindasitiri.

Kushanda neRubber: Nhungamiro yeZvinhu Zvakasiyana-siyana

Kushanda nerabha yechisikigo inzira yechinyakare yakashandiswa kwemazana emakore. Maitiro acho anosanganisira kurovera muti werabha kuti utore latex, iyo inozogadziriswa kuti ibudise zvinhu zverabha. Heano matanho akakosha anosanganisirwa mukushanda neakasikwa rubber:

• Kubata-bata: Maitiro ekubaya anosanganisira kucheka madiki mumakwati emuti werabha kuti latex ibude.
• Kuunganidza: Iyo latex inounganidzwa mumakapu uye yozotumirwa kune inogadzirwa chirimwa.
• Coagulation: Iyo latex inobatwa neasidhi kuti ibatanidze zvimedu uye kuita hurema hwakasimba.
• Washing: The solid mass inogezwa kubvisa tsvina nemvura yakawandisa.
• Kukungurutsa: Rabha inokungurutswa mumashiti yobva yaomeswa.

Iyo Scientific Method yekushanda neRubber

Rubber ipolymer, zvinoreva kuti ine macheni marefu emamorekuru akabatanidzwa pamwechete. Nzira yesainzi yekushanda nerabha inosanganisira nzira yakaoma kunzwisisa inoburitsa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Heano matanho makuru anobatanidzwa mune yesainzi nzira yekushanda nerabha:

• Kusanganisa: Iyo rabha zvinhu zvinosanganiswa nezvimwe zvinhu kuti zvigadzirise zvimiro zvayo uye kuti zvive nyore kushanda nazvo.
• Kupisa: Musanganiswa unopisa kusvika pakupisa kwepamusoro kuti uvandudze zvisungo zvemakemikari pakati pemamorekuru.
• Kuumba: Rabha rinobva raumbwa kuita chimiro chinodiwa uchishandisa nzira dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira kuumba uye extrusion.
• Kurapa: Rabha rinobva raporeswa pakupisa kwepamusoro kuti rivandudze simba raro nekusimba.

Iko Kushandiswa kweRubber muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva

Rubha chinhu chakakosha chinotsigira kuwanda kwekushandiswa munyika. Pasinei nekuti kune zvakawanda zvakasiyana zvekushandisa zviripo, rabha ichiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kweiyo yakasarudzika midziyo. Heano mamwe emamwe ekushandiswa kukuru kwerubha:

• Magetsi: Rubha insulator yakanaka kwazvo uye inoshandiswa kutsigira waya dzemagetsi netambo.
• Motokari: Rubha inoshandiswa kugadzira zvikamu zvakawanda zvemotokari, kusanganisira matayi, mabhandi, uye hosi.
• Chiremba: Rubha inoshandiswa kugadzira michina yekurapa, kusanganisira magurovhosi uye tubing.
• Indasitiri: Rubha inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakawanda zvemaindasitiri, kusanganisira mabhandi ekutakura uye gaskets.

mhedziso

Saka, rabha chinhu chinogadzirwa kubva mumuti we latex. Inoshandiswa kune zvese kubva matai kusvika magirovhosi uye chinhu chakakosha kwazvo munyika nhasi. 

Saka, ikozvino iwe unoziva ese intricacies yerabha. Usatya kubvunza mibvunzo kana usina chokwadi nezve chimwe chinhu!

Ini ndini Joost Nusselder, muvambi weZvishandiso Chiremba, mushambadzi wemukati, uye baba. Ini ndinoda kuyedza michina mitsva, uye pamwe nechikwata changu ndanga ndichigadzira zvakadzama blog zvinyorwa kubva 2016 kubatsira vaverengi vakavimbika nematurusi & matipi ekugadzira.