Socket Types: A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding Them

by Joost Nusselder | Updated on:  June 11, 2022
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Have you ever looked at an electrical socket and wondered what it does? Well, you’re not alone! An electrical socket is a device used to connect a device to a source of electricity. They’re used in almost every building or property with electricity.

In this article, we’ll explore what electrical sockets are, how they work, and why they’re so important. Additionally, we’ll share some fun facts you might not know about them!

What is a socket

Understanding Electrical Outlets: More Than Just Plugging In

When looking at an electrical outlet, it may seem like a simple device that allows us to connect our devices to a power supply. However, there is much more to an electrical outlet than meets the eye. Let’s break down the basics:

  • An electrical outlet is a device that connects to an electrical circuit to provide power to a device.
  • It has two or three holes, depending on the type, that allow a plug to be inserted.
  • The holes are called “prongs” and are designed to fit specific types of plugs.
  • The outlet is connected to a power supply, which provides the necessary energy to power the device.

The Importance of Safety and Maintenance

When it comes to electrical outlets, safety is paramount. Here are some important things to keep in mind:

  • Always make sure your devices are compatible with the voltage and current rating of the outlet.
  • Never overload an outlet by plugging in too many devices at once.
  • If an outlet feels hot or smells like it’s burning, turn off the power and call an electrician.
  • Regular maintenance, such as checking for loose connections and replacing worn outlets, can prevent potential hazards.

The Shocking History of Electrical Sockets

The development of alternating current (AC) power in the late 1800s allowed for the widespread use of electrical sockets. AC power allowed for the creation of circuits that could supply power to multiple sockets and devices. The voltage and current of AC power could also be easily measured and controlled, making it a safer option than DC power.

The Different Types of Electrical Sockets

Today, there are approximately 20 types of electrical sockets in common use around the world, with many obsolete socket types still found in older buildings. Some of the most commonly used socket types include:

  • NEMA sockets and plugs, which are commonly used in North America and are manufactured by companies such as Hubbell.
  • British sockets, which feature three pins and an earth connection.
  • European sockets, which are similar to British sockets but have round pins instead of flat blades.
  • Australian sockets, which feature two angled pins and an earth connection.

How Does an Electrical Outlet Actually Work?

To understand how an electrical outlet works, it’s important to first understand the basic components of an electrical circuit. An electrical circuit is made up of three main components: a power source, a load, and a conductor. In the case of an electrical outlet, the power source is the electrical grid, the load is whatever device you plug into the outlet, and the conductor is the wiring that connects the two.

How an Electrical Outlet is Connected to a Circuit

An electrical outlet is connected to an electrical circuit in a few different ways. The first is through the neutral wire, which is connected to the longer, rounded slot on the outlet. The second is through the hot wire, which is connected to the shorter, rectangular slot on the outlet. When you plug a device into the outlet, it completes the circuit by connecting the hot wire to the device and allowing electricity to flow from the power source, through the circuit, and into the device.

The Role of Grounding in Electrical Outlets

Grounding is an important safety feature of electrical outlets. It involves connecting the metal frame of the outlet to the ground wire, which is usually a bare copper wire that runs through the walls of your home. This allows any excess electricity to be safely directed into the ground, rather than through your body. Grounding is especially important in wet or damp environments, where the risk of electrical shock is higher.

Understanding Domestic Sockets: The Basics and Differences

Domestic sockets are devices that connect home appliances and portable light fixtures to the commercial power supply. They are designed to complete a circuit by connecting the power supply to the device, allowing AC electric power to flow. The socket is a female electrical connector that receives the male plug of the appliance.

Domestic sockets have three slots, two of which are called “hot” and “neutral.” The third slot is called the “ground” and is rounded to ensure safety. The hot slot is where the electrical current flows from the power supply, while the neutral slot is where the current returns to the source. The ground slot is connected to the earth and is used to prevent electric shock.

What are the Differences in Socket Design?

Domestic sockets have different designs and layouts in different countries, and these differences are important to consider when traveling or using appliances from other nations. Here are some differences in socket design:

  • North America uses a polarized socket, which means that one slot is larger than the other to ensure correct insertion of the plug.
  • In addition to the three slots, some sockets have an extra slot for grounding purposes.
  • Some sockets have a switch built into them, allowing the user to turn off the power supply to the device.
  • Some sockets have internal circuitry that can trip and cut off the power supply if there is a fault in the device or circuit.

What Information is Required to Connect Devices to Domestic Sockets?

To connect devices to domestic sockets, it is important to consider the following information:

  • The voltage of the device and the voltage supplied by the socket must be the same.
  • The device must be polarized correctly if using a polarized socket.
  • The device must be grounded correctly to prevent electric shock.
  • The device must draw less power than the socket is capable of supplying.

What are the Safety Considerations When Using Domestic Sockets?

When using domestic sockets, safety is of utmost importance. Here are some safety considerations:

  • Always ensure that the device is polarized correctly.
  • Always ensure that the device is grounded correctly.
  • Do not overload the socket by plugging in multiple devices or devices that draw more power than the socket is capable of supplying.
  • Do not change the shape or size of the plug to fit into a socket that is not designed for it.
  • Always ensure that the socket is labelled with the correct voltage and polarization information.
  • Do not touch the metallic casing of the socket while it is in use to prevent shock.
  • AC power plugs and sockets are designed to connect electric equipment to the alternating current (AC) mains electricity power supply in buildings and other sites.
  • Electrical plugs and sockets differ from one another in voltage and current rating, shape, size, and connector type.
  • The voltage of an electrical socket refers to the potential difference between the hot and neutral wires, usually measured in volts (V).
  • The current rating of a socket refers to the maximum amount of current that can flow through it, usually measured in amperes (A).
  • The grounding wire, also known as the earth wire, is designed to prevent electric shock and is connected to the ground or earth.
  • The hot wire carries the current from the power source to the device, while the neutral wire brings the current back to the source.

Adaptors: The Electrical Chameleons

Adaptors are like the chameleons of the electrical world. They are devices that can convert attributes of one electrical device or system to those of an otherwise incompatible device or system. Some modify power or signal attributes, while others merely adapt the physical form of one connector to another. Adaptors are essential when you need to connect a device to a power source that has a different plug or voltage.

Types of Adaptors

There are different types of adaptors, and each serves a specific purpose. Here are some of the most common types of adaptors:

  • Power Adaptors: These adaptors convert the voltage of the power source to match the voltage required by the device. For example, if you have a device that requires 110 volts, but the power source only provides 220 volts, you will need a power adaptor to convert the voltage.
  • Connector Adaptors: These adaptors are used to connect devices with different types of connectors. For example, if you have a device with a USB-C connector, but your computer only has a USB-A port, you will need a connector adaptor to connect the two devices.
  • Physical Adaptors: These adaptors are used to adapt the physical form of one connector to another. For example, if you have a device with a European plug, but the power source only has a US plug, you will need a physical adaptor to connect the device to the power source.

Unusual Electrical Socket Types

The Italian Magic Socket is a unique type of socket that is incredibly rare to find. It is a built-in socket that is designed to maintain security and prevent the cut of electricity. The socket has a key that is inserted into the socket to allow the power to flow through. The socket is commonly found in Italian buildings.

Soviet Lampholder Socket

The Soviet Lampholder Socket is an obsolete type of socket that was commonly used in the Soviet Union. It is a low voltage socket that is designed to be powered by a DC system. The socket has two pins that are positioned on the sides of the socket, unlike regular sockets that have pins positioned vertically or horizontally. The socket is commonly found in industrial buildings.

BTicino USB Socket

The BTicino USB Socket is a modern alternative to traditional sockets. It is a socket that has additional USB ports built into it, allowing for the charging of devices without the need for an adaptor. The socket is rated to connect to the mains and is designed to be used with a variety of appliances.

Walsall Socket

The Walsall Socket is a unique type of socket that is rarely found. It is a socket that has a screw-type connector, allowing for easy insertion and removal of the plug. The socket is commonly found in older buildings and is known for its incredibly low gauge, which allows for a lower voltage to be applied to the socket.

Edison Screw Socket

The Edison Screw Socket is a type of socket that is commonly used for lighting. It is a socket that has a screw-type connector, allowing for easy insertion and removal of the bulb. The socket is commonly found in homes and is known for its simple design.

CEI Connector Socket

The CEI Connector Socket is a type of socket that is commonly used in industrial settings. It is a socket that has a secondary connector, allowing for the connection of additional circuits. The socket is rated to connect to the mains and is designed to be used with a variety of appliances.

Table Socket

The Table Socket is a unique type of socket that is designed to be positioned on a table. It is a socket that has a fully customizable design, allowing for the positioning of the ports and connectors. The socket is commonly found in university buildings and is known for its versatility.

Adaptors and Converters

Adaptors and Converters are additional parts that allow for the connection of different types of plugs and sockets. They are commonly used when traveling to different countries or when using appliances that are not compatible with the local electrical system. Adaptors and Converters come in a variety of styles and brands, allowing for a choice of the best option for the user.

Conclusion

So, that’s what an electrical socket is and how it works. You can use them to power your electrical devices and make your life a little bit easier. 

You should now know what an electrical socket is and how it works. You can use them to power your electrical devices and make your life a little bit easier. So, don’t be afraid to ask your local electrician for help if you’re not sure about anything.

I'm Joost Nusselder, the founder of Tools Doctor, content marketer, and dad. I love trying out new equipment, and together with my team I've been creating in-depth blog articles since 2016 to help loyal readers with tools & crafting tips.