Ifenisha: Ukuhlola Izinhlobo Zokhuni, Insimbi, nokunye

Ifenisha iyibizo elikhulu lezinto ezihambayo ezihloselwe ukusekela imisebenzi eyahlukene yabantu njengezihlalo (isib., izihlalo, izihlalo kanye nosofa) kanye nokulala (isib., imibhede). Ifenisha iphinde isetshenziselwe ukubamba izinto ezisezingeni elifanele ukuze zisebenze (njengezindawo ezivundlile ngaphezu komhlaba, njengamatafula namadeski), noma ukugcina izinto (isib., amakhabethe namashalofu).

Ifenisha yinoma iyiphi into noma impahla esetshenziselwa ukwakha indlu, ifulethi, noma esinye isakhiwo esilungele ukuhlala noma ukusebenzela kuso.

Kulesi sihloko, ngizochaza ukuthi iyini ifenisha, isetshenziswa kanjani, nokuthi ishintsha kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

I-Etymology Ethakazelisayo Yefenisha

• Igama elithi "ifenisha" livela egameni lesiFulentshi elithi "ifenisha," okusho ukuthi imishini.
• Nokho, kwezinye izilimi eziningi zaseYurophu leli gama elihambisana nalo lisuselwa kusichasiso sesiLatini esithi “mobilis,” okusho ukuthi into ehambayo.
• Igama lesiNgisi elithi “furniture” kukholakala ukuthi lisuselwa egameni lesiLatini elithi “fundus,” elisho “phansi” noma “isisekelo.”

Izinto kanye Namafomu Efenisha

• Ifenisha yakudala yayakhiwe ngezinto ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise namatshe, ukhuni, nemicu yemvelo.
• Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zefenisha yakudala zazihlanganisa ukuhlala, ukugcinwa, namatafula.
• Ububanzi bezinto ezitholakalayo nezinga lamasu okwakha athuthukile behlukahluka kuye ngesiko elithile nesikhathi.
• Ukubaluleka kwefenisha ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kwanda njengoba abantu sebehlomele kakhulu ukwakha nokugcina izinto.

Iqhaza Eliyingqayizivele Lefenisha Emlandweni Womuntu

• Ifenisha iye yafeza indima ebalulekile emlandweni wesintu, inikeza indlela yokuhlala, ukulala, nokugcina izinto.
• Ukwakhiwa nokuklanywa kwefenisha kuye kwathonywa izitayela zamasiko nezobuciko kuwo wonke umlando.
• Izibonelo ezisekhona zefenisha yasendulo zinikeza ukuqonda ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kanye namasiko abantu abavela ezikhathini ezahlukene kanye namasiko.
• Ifenisha iyaqhubeka nokuba yingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila komuntu, enezinhlobonhlobo zezitayela nezinto ezitholakalayo ukuze zisetshenziswe namuhla.

Umlando Othakazelisayo Wefenisha

• Umqondo wefenisha waqala ezikhathini zasendulo, cishe ngo-3100-2500 BCE.
• Izinto zakuqala ezadalelwa ukusetshenziswa kwendlu zazenziwe ngamatshe, njengoba ukhuni lwalungatholakali kalula ngesikhathi se-Neolithic.
• Izinhlobo zokuqala zefenisha zazihlanganisa izingubo zokugqoka, amakhabethe, nemibhede.
• Ubufakazi bokwakhiwa kwefenisha okungajwayelekile buye kwatholwa ezindaweni ezifana ne-Skara Brae eScotland kanye ne-Çatalhöyük eTurkey.

Ukuvela Kwezinto Zefenisha

• Njengoba abantu beqala ukwenza ezolimo futhi bakhe izindawo zokuhlala, ukhuni lwaba yinto evamile yokwenza ifenisha.
• Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezinkuni ezisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwefenisha zazihlanganisa izigxobo zesihlahla kanye nezingcezu ezinkulu zokhuni lwemvelo.
• Ezinye izinto ezazisetshenziswa zazihlanganisa amatshe nezithombe zezilwane.
• Ukwakhiwa kwefenisha kwathuthuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abantu sebekuhlomele kakhulu ukwakha nokugcina izinto.
• Uhlu lwezinto ezisetshenziselwa ukwakha ifenisha lwanwetshwa ukuze lufake izinhlobonhlobo zezinto zemvelo kanye nezenziwe umuntu.

Ifenisha eGibhithe lasendulo

• Ubufakazi befenisha buye batholakala emathuneni aseGibhithe lasendulo, kusukela cishe ku-3000 BCE.
• Ukufakwa kwefenisha emathuneni kusho ukubaluleka kwefenisha ekuphileni kwansuku zonke nangemuva kokufa.
• I-Nile Valley yayiyindawo eyinhloko yokwakha ifenisha, nenqwaba yezinto ezihlanganisa imibhede, izihlalo, namakhabethe atholakala lapho kumbiwa.
• Ukufakwa kwesihlalo esifanekisweni sikankulunkulukazi u-Isis kusho ukubaluleka kwefenisha emikhubeni yenkolo.

Izingcezu Ezisindayo Zefenisha

• Izingcezu zangaphambili zefenisha ezisekhona zibuyela emuva esikhathini se-Neolithic esisekupheleni.
• Isigqoko se-Skara Brae, sangonyaka ka-3100 BCE, singenye yefenisha endala esekhona.
• Ukufakwa kwefenisha ezindaweni zemivubukulo njenge-Çatalhöyük ne-Skara Brae kunikeza ukuqonda ngempilo yansuku zonke yabantu basendulo.
• Ifenisha eminingi yasendulo ingatholakala kumamnyuziyamu emhlabeni wonke, kuhlanganise neBritish Museum kanye neLouvre.

Ukukhetha Uhlobo Lwefenisha Olulungile Yekhaya Lakho

Ifenisha ingumkhiqizo obalulekile osiza ukuchaza isikhungo sanoma iyiphi indawo yokuhlala. Iklanyelwe ukunikeza izitayela nemisebenzi eyingqayizivele engenza ikhaya lakho libe indawo engcono yokuhlala. Ngamakhulu ezinhlobo ezitholakalayo emakethe, kungaba nzima ukwazi ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olulungele izidingo zakho ezithile. Kulo mhlahlandlela, sizokusiza ukuthi uqonde izinhlobo ezahlukene zefenisha nemisebenzi yazo ethile.

Izinhlobo Zefenisha

Nazi izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zefenisha ongazithola emakethe:

• Ifenisha Yegumbi Lokuphumula: Lolu hlobo lwefenisha yakhelwe igumbi lokuhlala futhi luhlanganisa amatafula, izihlalo, nosofa. Ifenisha yegumbi lokuphumula ethandwa kakhulu ihlanganisa amatafula ekhofi, izihlalo ze-accent, namatafula e-console.

• Ifenisha Yegumbi Lokudlela: Lolu hlobo lwefenisha luklanyelwe igumbi lokudlela futhi luhlanganisa amatafula okudlela, izihlalo namabhentshi. Ifenisha yegumbi lokudlela ethandwa kakhulu ihlanganisa amatafula okudlela, izihlalo zokudlela, namabhentshi okudlela.

• Ifenisha Yegumbi lokulala: Lolu hlobo lwefenisha luklanyelwe igumbi lokulala futhi luhlanganisa imibhede, amatafula aseceleni kombhede, amatafula okugqoka, nezindawo zokugcina impahla. Ifenisha yekamelo lokulala ethandwa kakhulu ihlanganisa imibhede, amatafula aseceleni kombhede, namatafula okugqoka.

• Ifenisha Yezingane: Lolu hlobo lwefenisha yakhelwe izingane futhi luhlanganisa izindawo zokulala, ukushintsha amatafula, nabahleli bamathoyizi. Ifenisha yezingane ethandwa kakhulu ihlanganisa izindawo zokulala, amatafula ashintshayo, nabahleli bamathoyizi.

• Ifenisha Yasehhovisi Lasekhaya: Lolu hlobo lwefenisha yakhelwe ihhovisi lasekhaya futhi luhlanganisa amadeski, izihlalo, nabahleli. Ifenisha yehhovisi lasekhaya ethandwa kakhulu ihlanganisa amadeski, izihlalo, nabahleli.

• Ifenisha ye-Accent: Lolu hlobo lwefenisha yakhelwe ukwengeza isitayela nokusebenza kunoma iyiphi indawo ekhaya lakho. Ifenisha ye-accent edume kakhulu ihlanganisa isifuba, izibani, nezihlahla zehholo.

Izinto Ezisetshenziswa Kufenisha

Ifenisha ingenziwa ngezinto ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise:

• Ukhuni: Lena into esetshenziswa kakhulu ifenisha. Ihlala isikhathi eside futhi ingacatshangelwa izitayela nemiklamo ehlukene.

• Insimbi: Le nto isetshenziselwa ukwakha ifenisha yesimanje neyezimboni. Ihlala isikhathi eside futhi ingasetshenziswa ukwakha imiklamo eyingqayizivele.

• Ezinye Izinto: Ifenisha ingenziwa nangezinye izinto ezifana nengilazi, ipulasitiki, nesikhumba.

Ifenisha Yesitoreji

Ifenisha yokugcina iklanyelwe ukunikeza isikhala esengeziwe sokugcina ekhaya lakho. Ifenisha yokugcina edume kakhulu ihlanganisa:

• Izifuba: Lezi zenzelwe ukugcina izingubo nezinye izinto ekamelweni.

• Abahleli: Lezi zenzelwe ukugcina amathoyizi nezinye izinto ekamelweni lomntwana.

• Izihlahla Zehholo: Lezi zenzelwe ukugcina amajazi nezinye izinto ephasishi.

Ukuhlola Izinhlobonhlobo Ezibanzi Zezinhlobo Zezinkuni Ezisetshenziswa Ekwenziweni Kwefenisha

Uma kuziwa ekwenzeni ifenisha, kunezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko zokhuni: ukhuni oluqinile kanye uthambile. Ukhuni oluqinile luvela ezihlahleni ezivuthuluka, ezilahlekelwa amaqabunga ekwindla, kanti ukhuni oluthambile luvela ezihlahleni ezihlala ziluhlaza ezigcina izinaliti zazo unyaka wonke. Ukhuni oluqinile ngokuvamile lukhethwa ekwenzeni ifenisha ngoba luminyene futhi luhlala isikhathi eside kunokhuni oluthambile.

Izinhlobo Zezinkuni Ezisetshenziswa Ngokujwayelekile

Nazi ezinye zezinhlobo zezinkuni ezaziwa kakhulu ezisetshenziswa ekwenzeni ifenisha:

• I-Oak: Ukhuni oluqinile oluvamile olusetshenziselwa amatafula, izihlalo, namakhabethe. Inohlamvu oluqondile nombala onsundu okhanyayo kuya omaphakathi.
• Imephu: Olunye ukhuni oluqinile oluguquguqukayo futhi oluvame ukusetshenziselwa abagqoki, amadeski, namakhabethe asekhishini. Inombala okhanyayo kanye nephethini yokusanhlamvu ecashile.
• I-Mahogany: Ukhuni oluqinile lwe-premium olutholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Asia. Inombala ocebile, omnyama kanye nephethini yokusanhlamvu eyingqayizivele eyenza ilungele izingcezu zefenisha eziphezulu.
• Iphayini: Ukhuni oluthambile olutholakala kakhulu futhi olujwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukwakha ifenisha. Inombala okhanyayo kanye nephethini yokusanhlamvu eqondile.
• I-Rosewood: Ukhuni oluqinile olucebile ngokwemvelo futhi luphethe ukuthungwa okuyingqayizivele. Ngokuvamile kuyabiza futhi kusetshenziselwa izingcezu zefenisha zakudala.
• I-Cherry: Ukhuni oluqinile oluvame ukusetshenziselwa ifenisha yegumbi lokudlela. Inombala onsundu ngokubomvu kanye nephethini yokusanhlamvu eqondile.
• I-teak: Ukhuni oluqinile lwasezindaweni ezishisayo oluvame ukusetshenziselwa ifenisha yangaphandle ngenxa yokumelana ngokwemvelo namanzi nezinambuzane. Inombala ocebile osagolide-nsundu kanye nephethini yokusanhlamvu eqondile.
• I-Mindi: Ukhuni oluqinile oluvame ukusetshenziselwa amatafula ekhofi nezitendi ze-TV. Inombala onsundu ngokukhanyayo kanye nephethini yokusanhlamvu eqondile.

Izinto Okufanele Zicabangele Lapho Ukhetha Izinkuni

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Lapho ukhetha izinkuni ukwenza ifenisha, kunezici eziningana okufanele uzicabangele:

• Isikolo se-Janka: Lokhu kulinganisa ubulukhuni bokhuni futhi kubalulekile ekunqumeni ukuqina kwesiqephu sefenisha.
• Iphethini yokusanhlamvu: Iphethini yokusanhlamvu ingathinta ukubukeka okuphelele kwesiqeshana sefenisha.
• Umbala: Umbala wokhuni ungaphinda uthinte ukubukeka okuphelele kwesiqeshana sefenisha.
• Ukutholakala: Ezinye izinhlobo zezinkuni zitholakala kakhulu kunezinye, ezingathinta izindleko nokutholakala kwempahla.
• Izingxenye zesihlahla: Izingxenye ezihlukene zesihlahla zingaba nezimfanelo ezihlukene kanye nendlela yokwenza, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukukhetha ingxenye efanele yomphumela oyifunayo.
• Isikhathi sokukhula: Ezinye izinhlobo zezinkuni zikhula ngokushesha kunezinye, ezingathinta izindleko nokutholakala kwempahla.

Ifenisha yensimbi ngokuvamile kulula ukuyigcina futhi ingahlala iminyaka eminingi ngokunakekelwa okufanele. Nawa amanye amathiphu okugcina ifenisha yensimbi:

• Hlanza ifenisha njalo ngensipho ethambile namanzi.

• Susa noma yikuphi ukugqwala noma ukugqwala ngebhulashi locingo noma i-sandpaper.

• Gcoba ijazi le-wax noma lamafutha ukuze uvikele insimbi ekugqwaleni nokugqwala.

• Gcina ifenisha yangaphandle endlini phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika ukuze uyivikele ezintweni.

Ifenisha yensimbi iyinketho eguquguqukayo futhi ehlala isikhathi eside kuzo zombili izilungiselelo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Ngezinhlobonhlobo zezitayela nemiklamo ongakhetha kuzo, kukhona isiqiniseko sokuthi kukhona ifenisha yensimbi evumelana nezidingo zakho kanye nesitayela somuntu siqu.

Ukuhlola Ibanga Elibanzi Lezinto Ezisetshenziswa Ekwenziweni Kwefenisha

I-Veneer ungqimba oluncane lokhuni olunamathiselwe ebhodini lefenisha eliqinile noma i-MDF. I-Veneer iyindlela eshibhile kunokhuni oluqinile futhi ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza iziqongo zamatafula, izindawo ezilamiwe, nezifuba. Inzuzo yefenisha ene-veneered yukuthi ingafinyelela ukubukeka okufanayo njengezinkuni eziqinile kodwa ngezindleko eziphansi. I-Veneer nayo ingaba yisiliva noma izinyo lendlovu ukuze udale ukubukeka okuyingqayizivele.

Ifenisha ye-Glass

Ingilazi yinto entsha uma kuqhathaniswa esetshenziswa ekwenzeni ifenisha. Ifenisha yengilazi ngokuvamile itholakala emiklamo yesimanje futhi ifaneleka ngokukhethekile ezindaweni ezincane. Ifenisha yengilazi ingxenye noma ngokugcwele yakhiwe ngengilazi futhi inamathiselwe ocezwini oluqinile lwebhodi lefenisha noma i-MDF.

Ezinye Izinto

Ngaphandle kokhuni, insimbi, nengilazi, kunezinye izinto eziningana ezisetshenziswa ekwenzeni ifenisha. Lezi zihlanganisa i-particleboard, i-MDF, i-plywood, amashidi e-veneer, ibhodi lefenisha, namapulangwe. Impahla ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi. Isibonelo, i-particleboard iyindlela eshibhile kunokhuni oluqinile kodwa iphansi ngamandla. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukhuni oluqinile luyikhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu yokwenza ifenisha kodwa lubiza kakhulu. Ubuciko buyisici esibalulekile ekukhiqizeni ifenisha enhle, futhi umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokwakha awuhlali ulingana kuzo zonke izinhlangothi.

Ubuciko Bokubuyiselwa Kwefenisha

Ukubuyiselwa ifenisha iyinqubo yokubuyisela ucezu enkazimulweni yalo yangaphambili. Kuhilela ukususa ukungcola, ukungcola, nokuqeda okungafunwa ukuze kubonakale ubuhle bokhuni ngaphansi. Inqubo ihlanganisa izinyathelo ezimbalwa, futhi kubalulekile ukuzilandela ukuze uzuze imiphumela engcono kakhulu. Nazi izinyathelo ezihilelekile ekubuyiseleni ifenisha:

• Hlanza ucezu: Qala ngokuhlanza ucezu ngendwangu yesitsha namanzi afudumele anensipho. Lesi sinyathelo sisusa ukungcola nokungcola ebusweni befenisha.
• Susa isiphetho: Sebenzisa amabhulokhi esihlabathi noma ama-sander amandla ukuze ususe isiphetho sefenisha. Lesi sinyathelo sidinga ukubekezela kanye nesandla esiqinile ukuvimbela ukulimala okhunini.
• Lungisa noma yimuphi umonakalo: Uma ucezu lunomonakalo, njengokuqhekeka noma ama-chips, sebenzisa iglue yokhuni ukuyilungisa. Vumela ingcina ukuba yome ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokudlulela esinyathelweni esilandelayo.
• Santisa ucezu: Gcoba ifenisha nge-sandpaper egayiwe ukuze ususe noma iyiphi iglue eyeqile futhi wenze indawo efanayo.
• Faka isiphetho esisha: Khetha isiphetho esifanela ucezu futhi usisebenzise ngokulinganayo. Lesi sinyathelo sidinga isandla esiqinile ukuvimbela ukuvuza okungafunwa namabhamuza.
• Vumela isiphetho ukuba some: Vumela isiphetho some ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ucezu.

Inani Lokubuyisela

Ukubuyiselwa kwefenisha akukhona nje ukwenza ucezu lubukeke luhle; ibuye yengeze ukubaluleka kwayo. Izingcezu zakudala ezibuyiselwe zingalanda inani eliphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezingcezu ezingakabuyiswa. Ukubuyisela futhi kukuvumela ukuthi ugcine uhlobo loqobo lwento kanye nenhloso, kuyenze ibe yinto ebalulekile ukuba nayo.

I-DIY vs. Ukubuyiselwa Kochwepheshe

Ukubuyiselwa kwefenisha kungaba iphrojekthi ye-DIY noma kudinga usizo lochwepheshe. Nawa amanye amaphuzu okufanele uwacabangele lapho unquma ukuthi iyiphi inketho ekulungele kakhulu:

• Ukubuyiselwa kwe-DIY kungakongela imali uma kuqhathaniswa nokubuyiselwa kochwepheshe.
• Ukubuyisela okuphrofeshinali kudinga amathuluzi akhethekile nezinto zokusebenza ongase ungakwazi ukufinyelela kuzo.
• Ukubuyisela okuphrofeshinali ngokuvamile kuyashesha futhi kungase kukhiqize imiphumela engcono kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nemizamo ye-DIY.
• Ukubuyiselwa kwezinhlobo ezithile zokhuni noma ukuqedwa kungase kudinge ulwazi olukhethekile nolwazi olunikezwa uchwepheshe kuphela.

Umehluko Phakathi Kokubuyisela Nokucwengwa

Ukubuyisela nokulungisa kuvame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana, kodwa kunezincazelo ezihlukene. Ukucwenga kabusha kuhilela ukususa ngokuphelele isiphetho esidala nokusebenzisa esisha, kuyilapho ukubuyisela kuhilela ukulondoloza isiphetho samanje nokwenza kubukeke kukusha futhi. Ukubuyisela kuyinqubo entekenteke kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokulungisa kabusha futhi kudinga ukuqonda okuqondile kwezinto kanye nocezu ngokwalo.

Iphuzu Lokugcina

Ukubuyiselwa kwefenisha kuyinqubo elula engenza umehluko omkhulu ekubukeni nasekubalulekeni kwesiqephu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhetha ukwenza i-DIY noma ukufuna usizo lochwepheshe, ukuqonda izinyathelo ezihilelekile kanye nezinto ezidingekayo kubalulekile ukuze uzuze imiphumela engcono kakhulu. Ngakho-ke ake sibambe leso sanding block futhi siqale ukusebenza!

Isiphetho

Ngakho, yilokho ifenisha eyikho. 

Yinto esiyisebenzisa nsuku zonke, futhi isinesikhathi eside ikhona. Bekuyingxenye ebalulekile yomlando wesintu, kusinikeza indawo yokuhlala, yokulala, neyokugcina izinto zethu. 

Ngakho-ke, ngokuzayo lapho ufuna ifenisha entsha, uyazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyibheke.

Ngingu-Joost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Tools Doctor, umakethi wokuqukethwe, kanye nobaba. Ngiyakuthanda ukuzama okokusebenza okusha, futhi kanye nethimba lami ngidale izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2016 ukuze ngisize abafundi abathembekile ngamathuluzi namathiphu okwenza.