Ingilazi iyinto eqinile ye-amorphous (non-crystalline) evamise ukuba sobala futhi esetshenziswa kabanzi, ezobuchwepheshe, nezokuhlobisa ezintweni ezifana ifasitela ama-panes, tableware, kanye ne-optoelectronics.
Izinhlobo zezingilazi ezijwayeleke kakhulu, nezindala kakhulu zisekelwe kumakhemikhali e-silica (i-silicon dioxide), ingxenye eyinhloko yesihlabathi. Igama elithi ingilazi, ekusetshenzisweni okudumile, livame ukusetshenziselwa ukubhekisela kuphela kulolu hlobo lwezinto ezibonakalayo, olujwayele ukusetshenziswa njengengilazi yefasitela nasemabhodleleni engilazi.
Ezingilazini eziningi ezisekelwe ku-silica ezikhona, ukucwebezela okujwayelekile kanye nengilazi yesiqukathi kwakhiwa kusuka ohlotsheni oluthile olubizwa nge-soda-lime glass, olwakhiwe cishe u-75% we-silicon dioxide (SiO2), i-sodium oxide (Na2O) evela ku-sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), i-calcium oxide, ebizwa nangokuthi i-lime (CaO), kanye nezithasiselo ezimbalwa ezincane.
Ingilazi ye-quartz ecacile kakhulu futhi eqinile ingenziwa nge-silica ehlanzekile; ezinye izinhlanganisela ezingenhla zisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa lomkhiqizo.
Izicelo eziningi zezingilazi ze-silicate ziphuma ekukhanyeni kwazo okubonakalayo, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni okuyinhloko kwezingilazi ze-silicate njengamafasitelana.
I-Glass izobonisa futhi iphinde iguqule ukukhanya; lezi zimfanelo zingathuthukiswa ngokusika nokupholishwa ukuze kwenziwe amalensi okubona, amaprism, i-glassware emihle, nama-optical fibers ukuze kudluliswe idatha ngesivinini esikhulu ngokukhanya. Ingilazi ingafakwa umbala ngokungeza usawoti wensimbi, futhi ingapendwa futhi.
Lezi zimfanelo ziye zaholela ekusetshenzisweni okubanzi kwengilazi ekwenzeni izinto zobuciko futhi ikakhulukazi, amafasitela engilazi angcolile. Nakuba i-brittle, ingilazi ye-silicate ihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu, futhi izibonelo eziningi zezingcezu zengilazi zikhona kusukela kumasiko okuqala okwenza ingilazi.
Ngenxa yokuthi ingilazi ingakhiwa noma ibunjwe ibe yinoma yikuphi ukuma, futhi futhi ngenxa yokuthi iwumkhiqizo oyinyumba, isetshenziswe ngokwesiko ezitsheni: izitsha, amavase, amabhodlela, izimbiza nezingilazi zokuphuza. Ezimweni zayo eziqinile ibuye isetshenziselwe izisindo zamaphepha, amamabula, nobuhlalu.
Lapho ikhishwa njengefayibha yengilazi futhi ihlanganiswe njengoboya bengilazi ngendlela yokubamba umoya, iba yinto evikelayo eshisayo, futhi lapho le micu yengilazi ishunyekwa epulasitiki ye-polymer ephilayo, iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuqinisa isakhiwo se-fiberglass yezinto eziyinhlanganisela.
Kwezesayensi, igama elithi ingilazi livamise ukuchazwa ngomqondo obanzi, ohlanganisa konke okuqinile okunokwakheka kwesikali se-athomu engeyona icrystalline (okungukuthi i-amorphous) futhi ebonisa ukuguquka kwengilazi lapho ishiselwa endaweni yoketshezi. Ngakho-ke, ama-porcelain kanye nama-polymer thermoplastics amaningi ajwayelekile kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke, ayizibuko zomzimba futhi.
Lezi zinhlobo zezingilazi zingenziwa ngezinhlobo ezihluke kakhulu zezinto zokwakha: ama-alloys ensimbi, ama-ionic melts, izixazululo ezinamanzi, uketshezi lwamangqamuzana, namapholima.
Ezisetshenziswa eziningi (amabhodlela, eyewear) izingilazi ze-polymer (ingilazi ye-acrylic, i-polycarbonate, i-polyethylene terephthalate) iyindlela elula kunezibuko ze-silica zendabuko.
Uma isetshenziswa emafasiteleni, ivamise ukubizwa ngokuthi “glazing”.
Izinhlobo zokucwebezelisa, ukusuka engilazini eyodwa ukuya ku-Hr +++
Yiziphi izinhlobo zengilazi ezikhona nokuthi yimiphi imisebenzi yezinhlobo zengilazi enamanani abo okufakwa.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zengilazi namuhla.
Lokhu kuyakhathaza ukucwebezela kabili ngamavelu awo okufakwa ngaphakathi.
Lapho amanani e-insulation ephakama, amandla amaningi ongawonga.
Izinhlobo zengilazi zivikela indlu yakho, njengokungathi.
I-ventilating ibaluleke ngendlela efanayo kumswakama wakho ekhaya lakho.
Uma ungangenisi kahle umoya, ukuvala umoya nakho kunenani elincane.
Izinhlobo zezingilazi ezitholakala ngosayizi abaningi kanye namanani okufakwa kwe-insulation.
Izinhlobo zengilazi zingahlelwa ngobuningi obukhulu.
Kuya ngokuthi unalo yini iwindi le-casement noma uhlaka olulungisiwe.
Ugqinsi efasiteleni le-casement mancane kunalawo ohlaka, ngoba ukuqina kwezinkuni kuyahlukahluka.
Lokhu akwenzi mehluko mayelana namanani e-insulation.
Ingilazi endala eyodwa namanje ayikasetshenziswa, zisekhona izindlu ezinalolu hlobo lwengilazi futhi isakhiqizwa.
Ngabe sengiqala ngengilazi ye-insulating, ebizwa nangokuthi i-double glazing.
Ingilazi iqukethe iqabunga elingaphakathi nangaphandle.
Phakathi kukhona umoya noma igesi yokuvikela.
Kusukela ku-H+ ukuya ku-HR +++, uhla lwezinhlobo zezingilazi.
I-Hr + glazing icishe ifane nengilazi evikelayo, kodwa njengokwengeziwe ine-coating ebonisa ukushisa efakwe eqabungeni, futhi imbobo igcwele umoya.
Ngemuva kwalokho unengilazi ye-HR ++, ongayiqhathanisa nengilazi yakwa-HR, i-cavity kuphela egcwele i-Argon gas.
Inani le-insulation libe lingcono kakhulu kune-HR+.
Le ngilazi ivame ukufakwa futhi ngokuvamile ihlangabezana nezidingo zokufakelwa kahle.
Uma ufuna ukuqhubekela phambili, ungathatha futhi i-HR+++.
Le ngilazi iphindwe kathathu futhi igcwele i-argon gas noma i-krypton.
I-HR+++ ivamise ukufakwa ezindlini ezisanda kwakhiwa, lapho amafreyimu asevele efanelekile.
Uma futhi ufuna ukuyibeka kumafreyimu akhona, amafreyimu akho kuzodingeka ashintshwe.
Qaphela ukuthi i-HR+++ inenani elikhulu.
Lezi zinhlobo zezingilazi zingabuye zengezwe njengengilazi evimbela umsindo, ukumelana nomlilo, ukulawula ilanga kanye nengilazi yokuphepha (i-laminated).
Esihlokweni esilandelayo ngizochaza indlela yokwenza ingilazi ngokwakho, kulula kunalokho ucabanga.
Ingabe uthole lesi sihloko esibalulekile?
Ngazise ngokushiya amazwana amahle.
I-BVD.
U-Pete deVries.
Ungathanda futhi ukuthenga upende ngentengo ephansi esitolo sami sikapende esiku-inthanethi? CHOFOZA LAPHA.
Ngingu-Joost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Tools Doctor, umakethi wokuqukethwe, kanye nobaba. Ngiyakuthanda ukuzama okokusebenza okusha, futhi kanye nethimba lami ngidale izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2016 ukuze ngisize abafundi abathembekile ngamathuluzi namathiphu okwenza.
